Cropping System Intensification for Increasing Crop Productivity in Salt-Affected Coastal Zones of Bangladesh

In Global Climate Risk Index 2019, Bangladesh has been ranked seventh among the countries most affected by extreme weather events. The salinity intrusion has increased by 27% from 1973 to 2009 in coastal areas of Bangladesh due to impacts of climate change. The cropping intensities of the coastal zones are below than the country’s average intensity (195%), which causes severe food insecurity. In southern coastal zone, soil and water (river/canal) salinity remain the minimum (<4 dS/m) during in July/August but attain the maximum (upto 11 and 25 dS/m, respectively) in March/April. Farmers grow single T.aman rice a year. Therefore, five cropping patterns were tested under ACIAR funded project in Amtali (Barguna district) and Dacope (Khulna) upazilas during 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 irrigating with low salinity surface water (canal/pond) to increase crop productivity. In Amtali, T.aman-Potato-Mungbean-T.aus cropping pattern gave the highest (20.18 t/ha) rice equivalent yield (REY), which increased 360% REY over the farmers’ practice (T.aman-fallow-fallow). However, in Dacope, T.aman-spinach-fallow showed the highest REY (13.99 t/ha) that increased 211% REY compared to farmers’ practice. The improved cropping patterns can be practiced within the polder (embankment for water control) for increasing crop productivity and profitability in salt-affected coastal zones of Bangladesh.

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Interrogating Climate Adaptation Financing in Zimbabwe: Proposed Direction

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126517 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6517

Author(s):

Innocent Chirisa ◽

Trynos Gumbo ◽

Veronica N. Gundu-Jakarasi ◽

Washington Zhakata ◽

Thomas Karakadzai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Global Climate ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Coastal Zones ◽

Resource Base

Reducing vulnerability to climate change and enhancing the long-term coping capacities of rural or urban settlements to negative climate change impacts have become urgent issues in developing countries. Developing countries do not have the means to cope with climate hazards and their economies are highly dependent on climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture, water, and coastal zones. Like most countries in Southern Africa, Zimbabwe suffers from climate-induced disasters. Therefore, this study maps critical aspects required for setting up a strong financial foundation for sustainable climate adaptation in Zimbabwe. It discusses the frameworks required for sustainable climate adaptation finance and suggests the direction for success in leveraging global climate financing towards building a low-carbon and climate-resilient Zimbabwe. The study involved a document review and analysis and stakeholder consultation methodological approach. The findings revealed that Zimbabwe has been significantly dependent on global finance mechanisms to mitigate the effects of climate change as its domestic finance mechanisms have not been fully explored. Results revealed the importance of partnership models between the state, individuals, civil society organisations, and agencies. Local financing institutions such as the Infrastructure Development Bank of Zimbabwe (IDBZ) have been set up. This operates a Climate Finance Facility (GFF), providing a domestic financial resource base. A climate change bill is also under formulation through government efforts. However, numerous barriers limit the adoption of adaptation practices, services, and technologies at the scale required. The absence of finance increases the vulnerability of local settlements (rural or urban) to extreme weather events leading to loss of life and property and compromised adaptive capacity. Therefore, the study recommends an adaptation financing framework aligned to different sectoral policies that can leverage diverse opportunities such as blended climate financing. The framework must foster synergies for improved impact and implementation of climate change adaptation initiatives for the country.

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Crop Productivity Enhancement under Soybean Based Cropping System through Harvested Rain Water in Malwa Region

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/a-5447 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

D.H. Ranade ◽

M.L. Jadav ◽

Indu Swarup ◽

O.P. Girothia ◽

D.V. Bhagat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Availability ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Cropping System ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Farm Income ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Water Harvesting ◽

Net Return

Background: Rainwater harvesting is commonly practiced in areas, where the rainfall is insufficient for crop growing. Due to the intermittent nature of run-off events, it is necessary to store the maximum possible amount of rainwater during the rainy season so that it may be used as irrigation to enhance the crop productivity and farm income under soybean based cropping system.Methods: A study was carried out during 2018-2019 in Indore district of Malwa region. Rainwater harvesting tanks at on station (42´21´2.4m) and on farm (15´11´4m) were constructed for irrigation water availability. Provision of water harvesting tank increased the irrigation water availability (1781m3 and 630m3 respectively) and stored water was managed through various irrigation systems viz. rain gun, drip and flood.Result: It was resulted that the provision of water harvesting tanks enhanced the crop productivity and farm income under soybean based cropping system. Availability of irrigation encouraged the farmers to diversify the cropping pattern (soybean-chickpea, soybean -wheat). It is also clear from the study that even with smaller storage tank and through conjunctive use of ground (1164.2m3) and surface water (596m3), multiple crops (Soybean, potato, sweet corn, chickpea, onion, garlic etc.) can be grown. Soybean-Chickpea cropping system at station gave the net return of 70976 Rs/ha with B: C ratio of 3.15. Soybean-Wheat cropping system at farm gave the net return of 119000 Rs/ha with B:C ratio of 3.38.

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OPTIMIZATION ANALYSIS OF PLANT LANDSCAPES IN TANDAI IRRIGATION AREA, KERINCI DISTRICT, JAMBI

Neutron ◽

10.29138/neutron.v20i01.50 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (01) ◽

pp. 63-71

Author(s):

Acep Hidayat ◽

Marcellino Rico Ariana

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Cropping System ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Planting Pattern ◽

Irrigation Network ◽

Cropping Patterns ◽

The Government ◽

Large Water

The Plantation Network has a land area of 375 ha. Population which is directly proportional to the necessities of life, one of which is in the food sector, has made the government take the initiative to meet the needs and welfare of the community with productive agricultural land and fields. The data includes secondary data on 10-year rainfall from Depati Parbo and Kayu Aro Station and 10-year climatology from Kayu Aro Climatology Station. The calculation method used is the rainfall intensity Average method, Evapotranspiration modification Penman method, Debit danalan DR.FJ Mock method, cropping patterns, and irrigation water needs. Related to the calculation of 6 alternative cropping patterns with different types of plants and different initial planting plans by making comparisons with the existing discharge factor (Q80). Obtained that the cropping pattern is very possible, namely using the cropping pattern PADI-PADI-PALAWIJA. The most efficient and optimal planting pattern is that this cropping system consists of PADI-PADI-ON with large water demand in tertiary plots (NFR tertiary plots) producing 0 - 1,308 ltr / sec/ha with a maximum of 1,308 ltr / ha / February II, while the need for irrigation water in the intake (DR intake) ranges from 0 - 1,615 ltr sec/ha with a maximum of 1,615 ltr / sec/ha in February II. The available debit and debit in the Irrigation Network Planning Mark is very abundant with the mainstay discharge (Q80) for irrigation, the maximum available debit (Q80) can occur in November with 202,207 ltr / sec/ha and the minimum in August with 115,012 ltr / sec / Ha. Based on the results of the discharge and water above, it can be determined about the ratio of water/air equilibrium between discharge and water Q80 and the need for irrigation water requires a large/adequate surplus.

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Soil Health as Influenced by Fertilizer Management in Rice Based Cropping System

Bangladesh Rice Journal ◽

10.3329/brj.v24i2.53452 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 119-131

Author(s):

MM Haque ◽

MR Islam ◽

MS Rahman ◽

MAR Sarkar ◽

MAA Mamun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Soil Health ◽

Cropping System ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Wet Season ◽

Management Options ◽

Cropping Patterns ◽

Soil C

Nutrient management influences soil health and crop productivity. Sustained crop production re-quires specific nutrient management options after a certain period. The objectives of this investigation were to examine the effects of inorganic and organic fertilization on yields and soil carbon budget under rice based cropping patterns in Bangladesh. The research data and informationhave been gen-erated based on previouslypublished, unpublished sources and own concept.Omission of K or im-balanced K are more influential for reduction in grain yield up to 47% in Boro (dry) season but N was most limiting up to 35% in T. Aman (wet) season. With existing fertilizer rates for growing rice, the balances of N and K are always negative. Balanced chemical fertilizer (NPKSZn) can be an option for improving crop productivity and maintain soil quality. Net ecosystem carbon (C) balances are posi-tive when 3 t ha-1 cow dung (CD), 2 t ha-1 poultry manure (PM) and 2 t ha-1 vermicompost (VC) are used in combination with chemical fertilizers. Soil amendments with organic nutrient sources (rice straw, CD, PM, VC, legume crops) and rice based cropping patterns such as T. Aman-Mustard-Boro, Boro-Fallow-Fallow, Jute-T. Aman-Fallow, Wheat-Mungbean-T. Aman, Grass pea- T. Aus-T. Aman and Potato-Boro-T. Aman can be beneficial in improving soil C budget, soil nutrient ratio, total crop production and maintenance of environmental health that will meet SDGs goal. Bangladesh Rice J. 24 (2): 119-131, 2021

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Feasibility of Introducing Four Crops Based Cropping Patterns in Kushtia Area of Bangladesh

The Agriculturists ◽

10.3329/agric.v18i1.49462 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 94-102

Author(s):

MS Rahman ◽

MT Islam ◽

MS Ali

Keyword(s):

Production Efficiency ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Cropping Patterns ◽

Research Division ◽

Land Use Efficiency ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Total Seed ◽

On Farm

The trial was conducted at Multi Location Testing (MLT) site under On-Farm Research Division, BARI, Kushtia during the last week of February, 2015 to second week of February, 2017 at farmers’ field condition to find out the productivity and profitability of three alternate cropping patterns, i.e. ACP1=Mustard (var: BARI Sarisha-15) - Mungbean (var: BARI Mung-6) - T. Aus rice (var: BRRI dhan48) - T. Aman rice (var: Binadhan-7), ACP2=Lentil (var: BARI Masur-6) - Mungbean (var: BARI Mung-6) - T. Aus rice (var: BRRI dhan48) - T. Aman rice (var:Binadhan-7), ACP3=Wheat (var: BARI Gom-28) - Mungbean (var: BARI Mung-6) - T. Aus rice (var: BRRI dhan48) - T. Aman rice (var:Binadhan-7) against the existing cropping pattern, i.e. ECP= Lentil (var: BARI Mashur-6) – Sesame (BARI Teel-3) - T. Aman (var: Binadhan-7). Findings revealed that the required mean crop durations ranged 340-356 days for one cycle in a year in four crops based cropping patterns against 293 days in existing cropping pattern. Total seed/grain yields in terms of REY of ACP1, ACP2, and ACP3 were 14.85, 16.06 and 14.92 t ha-1 year-1, respectively which were 44%, 56% and 45%, respectively higher than that of existing pattern (10.30 t ha-1 year-1). Mean production efficiency (32.53-40.43 kg ha-1day-1), land use efficiency (93.15-97.53%) and mean gross margin ( Tk. 109393 - Tk. 127834 ha-1) of all alternate cropping patterns were higher than that of existing cropping pattern (PE: 23.63 kg ha-1day-1, LUE: 80.28% and gross margin Tk. 94929 ha-1). As a result, all alternate cropping patterns were agronomically feasible and economically profitable. Among the alternate cropping patterns, ACP2=Lentil (var: BARI Masur-6) - Mungbean (var: BARI Mung-6) - T. Aus rice (var: BRRI dhan48) - T. Aman rice (var: Binadhan-7) performed the best. Therefore, farmers in Kushtia area of Bangladesh might follow the alternate cropping patterns in high and medium high land for higher crop productivity and profitability over existing cropping pattern. The Agriculturists 2020; 18(1) 94-102

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Increasing Cropping Intensity and Crop Productivity of Four Crops Based Mustard-Boro-T. Aus-T. Aman Cropping Pattern

Bangladesh Agronomy Journal ◽

10.3329/baj.v24i1.55551 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 109-117

Author(s):

A Barman ◽

S Shome ◽

MR Khatun ◽

MM Masud ◽

S Akther

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Cropping System ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Marginal Benefit ◽

Cropping Intensity ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Benefit Cost

A field trial on soil test based (STB) fertilizer doses was conducted during the year of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 in Jashore region (AEZ-11) to find out the most suitable fertilizer doses for four crop based cropping pattern considering the agronomic feasibility and economic return of the system. The experiment consisted of eight different treatments viz. T1: 100% NPKSZnB (STB), T2: T1 + 25% N, T3: T1 + 25% NP, T4: T1 + 25% NK, T5:T1 + 25% PK, T6:T1 + 25% NPK, T7: 75% of T1, T8: Native fertility. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was followed. Data revealed that seed yield of mustard was remarkably influenced by fertilizer treatments while grain yield of other components of the cropping system was not affected significantly by the treatments except control or native fertility. It was observed that 25% more NPK over 100% STB dose provided the highest yield of all the component crops. The highest rice equivalent yield (3.34 t ha-1) was recorded from T6 and the lowest (1.88 t ha-1) from T8 treatment. Maximum gross return (Tk. 420000/ha) and marginal benefit cost ratio (4.08) were also obtained from T6 treatment. So, 25% NPK+ 100% STB dose of fertilizer could be followed for productive and remunerative rice based cropping system Mustard-Boro-T. Aus-T.Aman in AEZ-11. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2021, 24(1): 109-117

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Effects of Different Tillage Practices and Cropping Patterns on Soil Physical Properties and Crop Productivity

Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) ◽

10.47253/jtrss.v1i1.670 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 51-61

Author(s):

M.K. Alam ◽

N. Salahin ◽

M.H. Rashid ◽

M.A. Salam

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Deep Tillage ◽

Cropping Patterns ◽

Tillage Practices

A series of experiments using nine treatment combinations comprising three tillage practices (zero tillage, conventional tillage and deep tillage) and three cropping patterns (wheatfallow- T. aman, wheat–mungbean-T. aman and wheat-dhaincha-T. aman) were examined in a split- plot design at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh during 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 to study the effect of different tillage practices and cropping patterns on soil physical properties and crop productivity in a previously puddled soil. Soil physical properties viz. bulk density, particle density and porosity showed insignificant result due to tillage practices and cropping patterns but soil moisture retentive properties demonstrated significant outcomes. Deep tillage with dhaincha (Sesbania rostrata) and mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) biomass incorporation conserved moisture in the soil profile and improved other soil physical properties i.e. reduced the bulk density, increased porosity and available water content of soil. The highest grain yield of wheat and rice was recorded in the deep tillage with wheat-dhaincha-T. aman cropping pattern and lowest in zero tillage with fallow based cropping pattern.

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Millet-Jute-T. Aman Cropping Pattern for Increasing System Productivity in the Active Brahmaputra-Jamuna Floodplain Chars

The Agriculturists ◽

10.3329/agric.v18i1.49465 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 129-136

Author(s):

AA Mahmud ◽

M Jahangir Alam ◽

MA Islam ◽

MSH Molla ◽

MA Ali

Keyword(s):

Production Efficiency ◽

Cropping System ◽

Turnaround Time ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Gross Margin ◽

System Productivity ◽

Cropping Patterns ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Land Use Efficiency

Increasing system productivity in a planned way is an important base for attaining food security, where bringing marginal land like Charland under intensive crop cultivation is highly desirable. The field trial was conducted in the Charland of the Jamuna River under Saghataupazilla of Gaibandha during 2017- 18 & 2018-19 to increase the productivity and profitability through the development of three crops-based improved cropping patterns instead of the local practice (double-crop). Three crops based improved cropping pattern namely Millet (BARI Kaon-2)-Jute (O-9897)-T. Aman (Gainja) was compared with the existing cropping pattern of Millet (Local)-Fallow-T. Aman (Gainja). The experiment was laid out in six dispersed replications maintaining RCB design. The introduced improved cropping pattern produced the higher system productivity based on rice equivalent yield, REY (12.95 t ha-1), than the existing cropping pattern (4.20 t ha-1), which is three times higher than the existing pattern. Total field duration and turnaround time were 323 and 42 days, respectively in improved pattern and 215 and 150 days, respectively in the existing pattern, which revealed that 108 days more could be made productive through the introduction of improved cropping pattern. The alternate pattern increased production efficiency and land-use efficiency by 35% and 30%, respectively than that of the existing cropping system. The gross margin was also three times higher in the improved cropping pattern (1, 41,600 Tk ha-1 yr-1) compared to the farmers’ existing cropping pattern (38,350 Tk ha-1 yr-1). The marginal benefit-cost ratio (MBCR) was calculated 2.44 in an improved cropping pattern over the existing cropping pattern. The inclusion of an extra one crop (Jute) in the existing cropping pattern and replacement of the local millet variety by high yielding variety (BARI Kaon-2) could play a significant role to increase the system productivity as well as profitability in the Charland of Saghata, Gaibandha. The Agriculturists 2020; 18(1) 129-136

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Improvement of Soil Quality through Minimum Tillage for Sen Cropping Pattern in Indonesia

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-482 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Natasha B.C. Abolla ◽

Junun Sartohadi ◽

Sri Nuryani H. Utami ◽

Tony Basuki

Keyword(s):

Soil Quality ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Quality Improvements ◽

Cropping Patterns ◽

Minimum Tillage ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Best Value

There have not been sufficient studies on Sen cropping patterns, a system of planting several food crops in one planting hole. A study to examine the effectiveness of minimum tillage on the Sen cropping pattern, concerning the soil quality improvements and their effects on crop productivity, was conducted on a field plot. The tillage treatment consisted of minimum planting with planting hole sizes of 20x20x20 cm, 30x30x20 cm and 40x40x20 cm, including one control planting hole. A total of 36 planting holes were tested. Improvement of soil physical-chemical properties was measured by comparing the measurements results at initial soil conditions and at 14 days after planting. The results showed that the 20x20x20 cm hole treatment was able to improve the physical-chemical quality of the soil with the best value compared to other treatments. The optimum improvement of soil quality to increase plant productivity was achieved at 40x40x20 cm hole treatment.

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Analysis of Crop Pattern Plant and Irrigation Water Needs in Pauh Tinggi Irigation Network Planning, Pauh Tinggi Village, Kerinci District, Jambi

IJIEEB : International Journal of Integrated Education, Engineering and Business ◽

10.29138/ijieeb.v3i2.1171 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 104-125

Author(s):

Acep Hidayat ◽

Muhammad Al Reza Hidayatullah

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Network Planning ◽

Cropping System ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Irrigation Planning ◽

Planting Pattern ◽

Irrigation Network ◽

Cropping Patterns ◽

The Government ◽

The Right

Pauh Tinggi irrigation network planning which has an area of irrigation land of 473 ha. This irrigation plan draws water from the Pauh Tinggi Dam located in the Batanghari Hulu river, Kerinci Regency, Jambi. Population growth which is directly proportional to the increasing necessities of life, one of which is in the food sector, has made the government take the initiative to meet the needs and welfare of the community by opening land into productive areas of rice fields and fields, and making irrigation plans. In making irrigation planning, hydrological and rainfall calculations are needed to be able to make the right cropping system for farmers in Pauh Tinggi Village, Kerinci Regency, Jambi. A calculation of 17 alternative cropping patterns with different types of plant variants and different plans for the initial planting period were carried out by comparing with the mainstay debit factor (Q80). It was found that the cropping pattern is very possible always using the RICE-RICE-CROP cropping pattern. The most efficient and optimal planting pattern is the alternative planting pattern 14 in the form of RICE -RICE-CORN with Netto Field Water Requirements in tertiary plots (NFR tertiary) ranging from 0 - 1.30 ltr / sec / ha with a maximum of 1.30 ltr / sec / ha in January I, while irrigation water needs in the intake (DR intake) range 0 - 1.60 ltr sec / ha with a maximum of 1.60 ltr / sec / ha in January I.

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