scholarly journals Review and Update of the Maternal (Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women), Infant and Toddler Dietary Guidelines

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Sarah Gerritsen ◽  
Sally Mackay ◽  
Amio Ikihele ◽  
Seini Taufa ◽  
Jacinta Fa’alili-Fidow ◽  
...  

Early-life nutrition in utero, via breastfeeding (when possible), and during complementary feeding to joining the family diet, lays the foundation for optimum growth, health and neurodevelopment across the lifespan. [...]

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Mearns ◽  
Laurent Chevrier ◽  
Christophe Gouraud

In the early part of the nineteenth century the Dupont brothers ran separate natural history businesses in Paris. Relatively little is known about their early life but an investigation into the family history at Bayeux corrects Léonard Dupont's year of birth from 1795 to 1796. In 1818 Léonard joined Joseph Ritchie's expedition to North Africa to assist in collecting and preparing the discoveries but he did not get beyond Tripoli. After 15 months he came back to Paris with a small collection from Libya and Provence, and returned to Provence in 1821. While operating as a dealer-naturalist in Paris he published Traité de taxidermie (1823, 1827), developed a special interest in foreign birds and became well known for his anatomical models in coloured wax. Henry Dupont sold a range of natural history material and with his particular passion for beetles formed one of the finest collections in Europe; his best known publication is Monographie des Trachydérides (1836–1840). Because the brothers had overlapping interests and were rarely referred to by their forenames there has been confusion between them and the various eponyms that commemorate them. Although probably true, it would be an over-simplification to state that birds of this era named for Dupont refer to Léonard Dupont, insects to Henry Dupont, and molluscs to their mother.


Author(s):  
Robert E. Lerner

This chapter details the family and early life of Ernst Kantorowicz. Born in 1895, Kantorowicz was the youngest of three siblings. His parents believed that teaching him English was essential, based on the presumption that he would be engaged in trade. Thus, they gave him to the care of an English governess until he was twelve, and he learned to speak English well enough to be able to lecture in that language at Oxford in 1934. In the spring of 1901, when he was six, he entered a local municipal “middle-school for youths,” which he attended for three years. From the middle school he proceeded to the Royal Auguste-Viktoria Gymnasium, an all-male school that required the intensive study of Latin and Greek plus one modern language, which in Kantorowicz's case was French.


Author(s):  
Abdul-Nabi Isstaif

This chapter presents a 1997 interview with Mustafa Badawi and includes sections relating to his early life and education until 1947 when he was sent to England to pursue further studies in English. Badawi first talks about the years of his early formation in the family, the neighbourhood and his various schools in Alexandria before discussing his cultural formation in the city. He reveals that he decided to specialise in English language in order to deepen his study of English literature so that he could see Arabic literature in the wider context of world literature. Badawi also describes his attitudes towards literature and criticism, which he says involved three essential questions: the relationship between literature and politics; the relationship between literature and morality; and the nature of language and its function in poetry, and consequently the relationship between poetry and science, or between poetry and thought or knowledge in general.


Author(s):  
Sara A. Quandt ◽  
Dana C. Mora ◽  
Theresa L. Seering ◽  
Haiying Chen ◽  
Thomas A. Arcury ◽  
...  

(1) Background: Early life exposure to neurotoxic chemicals can have later impacts on child health. Most research designs must assume that current exposure is similar to past. Life history calendar methods can help to provide data on early life exposure. (2) Methods: Life history calendars were completed by mothers of 8-year-old children from Latinx farmworker and non-farmworker families (n = 73 and 65, respectively). Measures were created of months exposure through living adjacent to farm fields and having household members who worked in jobs exposing them to toxic chemicals. Data were divided into time periods of in utero, early childhood (birth-35 months) and later childhood (36–96 months). Cluster analysis compared the measures for children from farmworker and non-farmworker parents. (3) Results: Although, as a group, children from farmworker families have greater lifetime months of probable exposure to pesticides than children in non-farmworker families, cluster analysis reveals groups of children who do not follow that pattern. (4) Conclusions: The life history calendar is a technique for obtaining data on early life toxic chemical exposure that may help assign children to proper exposure groups. Conducting secondary analyses using such information can help to clarify the association of exposures to health outcomes.


1961 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 199-205

David Randall Pye, who died on 20 February 1960, was a scientist and an engineer, although he spent most of his life in government and university administration to which he was called at critical times. From the age of thirty-nine to fifty-seven he devoted himself to building up the scientific research organization of the Air Ministry, at a time when aeronautical developments were so vital to our country’s survival; from fifty-seven until his retirement at sixty-five, he undertook the task, as Provost, of re-establishing University College, London, which had suffered severe blows from the enemy’s air attack. Had there been no war he would almost certainly have spent his life in engineering science, probably in a university, and would have made many more original contributions of the same high quality as those of his earlier years. But although he thus sacrificed his personal research for his country’s needs, he undoubtedly did so partly because of his intense interest in human affairs and in people. He was not by any means a born administrator, or an ambitious organizer, but his wide talents, simple integrity and high standards, enabled him to achieve real success in the administrative work he undertook. Pye was born on 29 April 1886 at Hampstead, London. His early life was spent in the atmosphere of a country home not far from London where he lived with his parents, three brothers and three sisters, David being the sixth in the family. He was a descendant of John Pye of the Mynde, County Hereford, and Anne, daughter of Roger Andrews of Hereford, through their son, Walter Pye of Kilpeck Castle. Another branch of the family, the Edmund Pyes, lived at Blyth, Nottinghamshire, one of whom had a grant of arms from Sir Richard St George, Clarenceux King at Arms, 2 March 1633-1634.


Author(s):  
Shuhei Yabe ◽  
Yoshifumi Aiba ◽  
Yasuteru Sakai ◽  
Masaru Hazaka ◽  
Akira Yokota

A thermophilic, Gram-positive bacterium that formed a branched vegetative mycelium was isolated from compost. The strain, designated I3T, grew at temperatures between 35 and 62 °C, with optimum growth at 50–55 °C. No growth was observed below 29 °C or above 65 °C. The pH range for growth was 5.7–10.0, the pH for optimum growth was 7.0 and no growth was observed below pH 5.6 or above pH 10.8. The DNA G+C content of strain I3T was 69.2 mol%. The major fatty acids found were C15 : 0 iso (14.2 %), C15 : 0 anteiso (12.1 %), C17 : 0 iso (16.3 %) and C17 : 0 anteiso (21.7 %). The major menaquinones were MK-9(H4), MK-10(H4) and MK-11(H4). The cell wall contained glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and ll-diaminopimelic acid in a molar ratio of 1.0 : 3.9 : 0.6 : 0.5. The polar lipids consisted of ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipids, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. The cell-wall sugars were rhamnose and arabinose. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis assigned this actinomycete to the family Nocardioidaceae, but its 16S rRNA gene sequence shared no more than 95.5 % similarity with those of other members of the family. The chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics of strain I3T differed in some respects from those of members of the genus Actinopolymorpha, the most closely related genus. Therefore, strain I3T represents a novel species in a new genus of the family Nocardioidaceae, for which the name Thermasporomyces composti gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is I3T (=JCM 16421T=DSM 22891T).


Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa M. Pries ◽  
Elaine L. Ferguson ◽  
Nisha Sharma ◽  
Atul Upadhyay ◽  
Suzanne Filteau

The World Health Organization recommends feeding snacks between meals to young children. This study explored nutritional quality of snacks consumed between meals and consumption metrics (% total energy intakes (%TEI) and amount of kcal from snacks) to understand correlations with dietary outcomes (total energy intakes and dietary adequacy) and body-mass-index-for-age z-scores (BMIZ). Data used were 24-h dietary recalls and anthropometric measurements among a representative sample (n = 679) of one-year-olds in Nepal. Nepali meal patterns for young children were identified through formative research and all foods/beverages consumed outside of meals were categorized as snacks. A nutrient profiling model was used to categorize snacks as healthy or unhealthy, based on positive and negative nutrient content. Snacks consumed between meals provided half of all energy consumed, and were associated with increased energy and nutrient intakes. The positive effect of snacks between meals on dietary adequacy was greater when these snacks were healthy, while increasing %TEI from unhealthy snacks consumed between meals was negatively associated with dietary adequacy. Consumption of snacks between meals was not associated with mean BMIZ among the children. These findings indicate that the provision of and nutritional quality of snacks are important considerations to communicate to caregivers. Discouragement of unhealthy, nutrient-poor snacks is critical for complementary feeding dietary guidelines in contexts experiencing nutrition transition.


2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Li ◽  
S. Robiou-du-Pont ◽  
S. S. Anand ◽  
K. M. Morrison ◽  
S. D. McDonald ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Dana Greene

This chapter details the early life of Denise Levertov. Denise was born in Ilford, on October 24, 1923, to Beatrice Spooner-Jones and Paul Levertoff. Her older sister Olga was nine. Eight months after Denise's birth the Levertoffs bought five-bedroom, brick, semidetached house at 5 Mansfield Road in Ilford not far from Lenox Gardens and nearby Cranbrook Road, the main street, and close to the large Valentine and Wanstead parks. The Levertoff household was a hive of activity. Since neither daughter attended school, everyone was generally at home. They had few connections to the surrounding community and no extended family with whom they regularly interacted. Their Welsh, Russian, and Jewish cultural origins set them apart. Nonetheless, wayfarers of every sort—Jewish booksellers, Russian and German scholars, musicians, and Jewish refugees all passed through their home. Everyone in the family read, to themselves and to others. Every room of the house was filled with books, some of which were bought by Paul Levertoff as a secondhand “lot” from Sotheby's.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 2865
Author(s):  
Florence Guida ◽  
Karin Van Veldhoven ◽  
Gianluca Campanella ◽  
Paul Elliott ◽  
John Gulliver ◽  
...  

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