scholarly journals Full Genomic Sequencing of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Isolates from the 2004–2006 US Outbreaks Reveals Associations of Viral Genetics to Environmental Variables

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Rachel Palinski ◽  
Steven Pauszek ◽  
N. Dylan Burruss ◽  
Heather Savoy ◽  
Angela Pelzel-McCluskey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Viral Genetics ◽  
Far North ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Viral Lineage ◽  
Virus Isolates

Vesicular stomatitis (VS) outbreaks in the western USA occur cyclically, approximately every 8–10 years. Phylogenetic evidence based on a 450 nt region of the P coding sequences suggests that the initial introduction was a single viral lineage closely related to those circulating in endemic areas of Mexico. In 2004, a VS outbreak was initiated in southern NM and TX, and spread as far north as northern CO. Subsequently, in 2005, VS cases appeared in nine states (AZ, CO, ID, MT, NE, NM, TX, UT and WY), and in 2006, VS reappeared only in WY. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that a single VS virus of New Jersey (VSNJV) lineage caused the 2004 outbreak, and re-emerged in 2005 and 2006. The mechanisms of VS emergence and re-emergence remain unclear. Here, we used near full-length genomic sequences of 60 viral strains isolated from 2004–2006 in the US and Mexico to determine the phylogeographic relationships and environmental variables associated with the outbreak dynamics. The results confirmed that a single VSNJV lineage caused the 2004–2006 US outbreaks, and that its closest ancestor was a virus circulating in Colima, Mexico in 2004. We also present evidence that the virus lineage overwintered in 2005 and 2006. Furthermore, rather than a simple geographic relationship, specific viral sublineages or patristic groups were associated to environmental variables, particularly precipitation and temperature. The results confirm the role of environmental factors in the evolution and spread of VSNJV in the USA.

Evidence Based Medical Prevention: International Experience

2016 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Olha Puzanovа
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Task Forces ◽  
Cochrane Reviews ◽  
The Us ◽  
Based Medicine

The objective: was to study the international experience of evidence based preventive medicine development as well as to estimate its perspectives in Ukraine. Patients and methods. Main principles and methods of scientific knowledge and research have been used including universal ones, methods of systemic approach, quantitative and qualitative information analysis, classification and systematization of theoretical and empirical data, hystorical and logical methods, health statistics as well). In total 529 scientific information sources have been studied, particularly a number of evidence based medicine (EBM) computer databases, special task forces recommendations and Cochrane reviews on prevention, Register of medical and technological documents for health care standards in Ukraine et al. Results. The contribution of foreign scientific schools in the development of EBM has been determined, as well as the crucial role of scientific works carried out in the US and Great Britain in 1930–80s as to the development of evidence based preventive medicine. The international experience of the development and functioning of evidence based practice centers’ and special task forces on prevention has been summarized, as the experience of the development and implementation of recommendations on prevention in primary health care (PHC) in high income countries acceptable for Ukraine. The concept of evidence based prevention has been first proposed. It is revealed, that EBM implementation in Europe has been prioritized in both the field of infectious diseases prevention and PHC, while there are both the development of differentiated evidence based prevention and early evidence based diagnosis in PHC in the US. Conclusion. The results proved importance of taking into consideration of international experience while evidence based PHC is being developed as a priority in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Understanding the prime mover

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Hammarlund ◽  
Kristina Riegert
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Cultural Symbols ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Role Of Religion

•As a pervasive historical construct that is both foreign and familiar, the USA has a looming presence in Swedish media discourse. Swedish journalists’ views of the USA can best be described as ambivalent — critical of a unilateral or too passive US foreign policy, while at the same time being heavily influenced by many aspects of the American economic model and culture. This article presents the results of an analysis of Swedish editorials, debate, commentary and cultural articles about the USA in time periods between 1984 and 2009. During these three decades USA actions are broadly framed against the backdrop of Cold War, globalization and cultural contestation paradigms respectively. The USA is seen as a formidable power, one that should be checked by others on the international stage. Cultural symbols based on historical European narratives about the US are called upon to illustrate reckless unilateralism (‘Space Cowboy’ Reagan) or the future-oriented entrepreneur as a role model for Sweden (during the Clinton years). The final decade under the cultural contestation paradigm is also ambivalent — the role of religion in the USA appears foreign to Swedish eyes, whereas the USA’s cultural misunderstandings with others appear familiar. •

The Politics of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelan (Lilly) Lu ◽  
Glen Biglaiser
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Chinese Firms ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
Greenfield Investments ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Chinese Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Subnational Analysis

Although recently Chinese investment in the USA has grown exponentially, it has not flowed equally among the US states. Controlling for popular explanations in the foreign direct investment literature, we carry out subnational analysis to assess the determinants of Chinese investment in the USA. Using a panel dataset for all states from 2006 to 2016, we find that Chinese firms are more attracted to states where Republican governors hold office. Republican-governed states particularly attract greenfield investments from Chinese firms. However, we also find that US national security concerns and Chinese goals appear to affect investment flows in high-technology states, limiting the role of partisanship. Our results indicate that it is too soon to dismiss the importance of politics on foreign direct investment.

The Economic Impact of University Technologies

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred R. Berkeley
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Vice Chairman ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Technology Managers

This article is an edited version of a speech given by Alfred R. Berkeley, former President and Vice-Chairman of the NASDAQ Stock Market Inc, as part of the 30th anniversary celebrations of the US Association of University Technology Managers (AUTM) during the 2004 AUTM Annual MeetingSM. The article stresses the increasingly important role of technology transfer in the economic and social futures of the USA and points up lessons for technology transfer professionals from the key changes and policy decisions that have driven the development of America's capital markets over the past few decades.

scholarly journals The Role of Pensioners in the American Electorate

Upravlenie ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Лебедева ◽  
Lyudmila Lebedeva ◽  
Емельянов ◽  
E. Emelyanov
Keyword(s):  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Us History ◽  
Strong Growth ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

The article examines fundamental demographic changes in the USA that have been shifting the electorate and as a result - American politics; with wide gaps between the generations on key social, economic, political issues. The US presidential elections since 1980 were dominated by baby boomers (born 1946-1964) and prior generations, who have cast the vast majority of votes in every presidential election. The 2016 electorate has been the most diverse in the US history due to strong growth of young generations, and especially among Hispanic eligible voters. Millennials (born 1981–1998) and X generation (born 1965-1980) surpassed Baby Boomers and more old generations whose choices differ significantly in many fields; but the key problem is who really votes. The age structure of the American electorate and its influence on the election results; the role of pensioners and those, who’ll retire in the nearest future, as voters at the federal and state levels are in focus.

scholarly journals PARABLES AS A METHOD OF PREVENTING BULLYING AT LEARNING INSTITUTIONS IN UKRAINE AND THE USA

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-62
Author(s):  
I. Zvarych
Keyword(s):  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
Learning Institutions ◽  
Goals And Objectives

This article deals with a systematic approach as one of the violence prevention methods and bullying at higher learning institutions; the concepts of bullying, cyberbullying, including cybermobbing, internet mobbing are clarified; the role of increasing the students' aggression is focused on, which is manifested in various reactions: anger, meanness, insult, irritation, tendency to physical actions, in particular the willingness to solve problems and controversial issues with the help of physical force; the statistical bullying manifestation data at higher learning institutions of Ukraine and the US are investigated, the using of parables' role of contributing to the achievement of goals and objectives in the prevention of violence and bullying are highlighted. The problem of bullying is widely discussed in Internet, newspapers, scientific journals, etc. It is gaining more and more topical importance in our country every year, since it has not been thoroughly studied both from the point of theoretical studies view and from practice view as well.

The United States and Elections in Africa (2015–2018)

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Urnov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Us ◽  
Global Leader ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

As a self-proclaimed “Global Leader” the United States have made “the assertion, advancement, support and defense of democracy” throughout the world one of the pillars of their foreign policy. This aim invariably figures in all Washington’s program documents pertaining to Africa. A major component of these efforts is an assistance to regular, free and fair elections. The selection of arguments cited to justify such activities has been done skilfully. In each specific case it is emphasized that the United States do not side with any competing party, stand “above the battle”, work for the perfection of electoral process, defend the rights of opposition and rank and file votes, render material and technical help to national electoral committees. Sounds irreproachable. However, the real situation is different. The study of the US practical activities in this field allows to conclude that Washington has one-sidedly awarded itself a role of a judge and supervisor of developments related to elections in the sovereign countries of Africa, tries to control the ways they are prepared and conducted. These activities signify an interference into the internal affairs of African states. The scale and forms of such interference differ and is subjected to tasks the USA try to resolve in this or that country on the national, regional or global levels. However, everywhere it serves as an instrument of penetration and strengthening of the US influence, enhancing the US political presence in African countries. The right of the US to perform this role is presented as indisputable. Sceptics are branded as opponents of democracy. The author explores the US positions and activities connected with elections in Africa during the last years of B.Obama and first two years of D.Trump presidencies. He shows how their policy have been implemented on the continental level and in regard to several countries – South Sudan, Libya, Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Rwanda, Nigeria, Somali, Kenya, Uganda.

Abstract P170: Stroke Coordinator Roles and Developmental Needs Around the Globe: An MT2020 International Survey

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne W Alexandrov ◽  
Sushanth Aroor ◽  
Sharon Biby ◽  
Jennifer Potter-Vig ◽  
Swatantra Kumar Soni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Education ◽  
Systems Of Care ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
International Programs ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Nursing Knowledge ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Stroke Systems Of Care

Background: Stroke Coordinators (SC) are commonly utilized in US Stroke Centers, ensuring provision of evidence-based service, overseeing quality improvement, and supporting interdisciplinary and community education. Mission Thrombectomy 2020 (MT2020) partnered with the Association of Neurovascular Clinicians (ANVC) to understand how SCs are utilized outside the US and to compare developmental needs for this role across the world. Methods: A brief survey was constructed to capture information about the use of SCs and their duties, including personnel utilized to execute the role and areas deemed important for role development. The survey was disseminated through the MT2020 and ANVC membership rosters; returned data were assembled in SPSS (version 25) and analyzed using descriptive and X 2 statistics. Results: A total of 70 surveys were returned from 16 countries (63% USA). Survey responders were SCs (41%), physicians (39%), program managers (19%) and APPs(1%), and 49% were from CSCs/TSCs with 40% PSC and 11% ASR/other hospital; 92% had someone completing SC duties with MDs more commonly in the SC role outside the USA (63%) versus RNs in the USA (95%; X 2 =25.2, p<0.001). Table 1 lists role differences between USA and other countries. Of the 70% of respondents interested in receiving SC development resources, the aspect deemed most important was “Improvement of Stroke Nursing Knowledge/Care” (71% non-USA/81% USA). “Development of Stroke Systems of Care” was deemed second most important by non-USA hospitals (53%), followed by “Development of Government Policy” (35%). Conclusions: Non-USA Stroke Centers have significant SC development needs that differ markedly from those within the USA. MT2020 provides an important platform to engage international programs and the MT2020-ANVC partnership is well positioned to further stroke nursing care and SC development globally.

Aggressive Communication at the Turn of the XX–XXI Centuries (Psychological Operation of the USA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
V. Shur
Keyword(s):  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Aggressive Communication

The article dealswith theproblems of conductingpsychological operation inthe context of informationand psychological impactused in the US armed forces.The role of informationweapons as a tool of aggressive communication is analysed. Classification ofpsychological operationsdeveloped at the end of thetwentieth century in NATO is considered. The action of PSYOP at the strategic, operational and tactical levels are distinguished. Theeffectiveness of planning and implementation ofspecific measures of PSYOP is assessed.

The politics of margin squeeze in telecommunications: diverging paths of the US and EU

Info ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuat Oğuz
Keyword(s):  
Competition Policy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Socialist Calculation Debate ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

Purpose – This paper aims to study the historical origins of margin squeeze cases in the USA and Europe. Design/methodology/approach – The author compares and contrasts major margin squeeze investigations in the USA and the European Union (EU) in terms of the role of efficiency and fairness and shows their roots in the socialist calculation debate of the 1940s. Findings – It was found that the USA and EU diverge in their approaches towards margin squeeze claims. While the USA case law focuses more on efficiency, the European Commission makes decisions based more on fairness and “protection of rivals”. This shows that political and ideological preferences influence legal decision-making. Research limitations/implications – The paper is limited to major cases in telecommunications. It leaves aside cases in other areas. Thus, the author cautions that the generalization of the findings of the paper to all margin squeeze cases, or competition policy in general, may be difficult. Originality/value – While there is extensive literature on margin squeeze cases in the USA and EU, there is little work on the historical and ideological connections. The paper contributes to the literature by drawing attention to political influences over technical decisions.

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