scholarly journals Hydrological Response of a Permeable Pavement Laboratory Rig for Stormwater Management

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Ioannidou ◽  
Scott Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Permeable Pavement ◽  
The World ◽  
High Flood ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sustainable Drainage Systems

Nowadays there is an increasing amount of everyday flood incidents around the world, the impact of which poses a challenge on the society, economy and environment. Under the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), green infrastructure provided by sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) is the recommended policy to manage and treat storm water. This paper presents experimental work carried out in the laboratory on a permeable pavement rig, investigating mainly the short-term hydrology of the pavement, and the way that runoff percolates through the structure during simulated rainfall events. Results showed high flood mitigation capacity, encouraging further investigation of this type of SuDS.

Comprehensive Effects of Short-Term Rental Platforms Across Hotel Types in U.S. and International Destinations

2021 ◽  
pp. 193896552110335
Author(s):  
John W. O’Neill ◽  
Jihwan Yeon
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Competitive Market ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hotel Performance ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Location Type ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, short-term rental platforms in the lodging sector, including Airbnb, VRBO, and HomeAway, have received extensive attention and emerged as potentially alternative suppliers of services traditionally provided by established commercial accommodation providers, that is, hotels. Short-term rentals have dramatically increased the available supply of rooms for visitors to multiple international destinations, potentially siphoning demand away from hotels to short-term rental businesses. In a competitive market, an increase in supply with constant demand would negatively influence incumbent service providers. In this article, we examine the substitution effects of short-term rental supply on hotel performance in different cities around the world. Specifically, we comprehensively investigate the substitution effects of short-term rental supply on hotel performance based on hotel class, location type, and region. Furthermore, we segment the short-term rental supply based on its types of accommodations, that is, shared rooms, private rooms, and entire homes, and both examine and quantify the differential effects of these types of short-term rentals on different types of hotels. This study offers a comprehensive analysis regarding the impact of multiple short-term rental platforms on hotel performance and offers both conceptual and practical insights regarding the nature and extent of the effects that were identified.

Sanctions as Punishment, Enforcement, and Prelude to Further Action

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 17-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Clawson
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
International Support ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reasonable Prospect ◽  
Term Response

This article looks at some major goals that have been set for sanctions and evaluates how effective sanctions have been at reaching those goals. It also examines the costs of sanctions, i.e., the impact on civilians and on international support for sanctions. Clawson concludes that sanctions are useful only as a short-term response in situations in which the world community is prepared to use force in the likely event that the target regime does not change its behavior. If there is not will to use force to back the sanctions, then the sanctions are morally dubious: they impose suffering and may cause deaths without offering a reasonable prospect of accomplishing good.

scholarly journals Constructed Technosols are key to the sustainable development of urban green infrastructure

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Deeb ◽  
Peter M. Groffman ◽  
Manuel Blouin ◽  
Sara Perl Egendorf ◽  
Alan Vergnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
By Products

Abstract. With the rise in urban population comes a demand for solutions to offset environmental problems caused by urbanization. Green infrastructure (GI) refers to engineered features that provide multi-ecological functions in urban spaces. Soils are a fundamental component of GI, playing key roles in supporting plant growth, infiltration, and biological activities that contribute to maintenance of air and water quality. However, urban soils are often physically, chemically or biologically unsuitable for use in GI features. Constructed Technosols (CT), consisting of mixtures of organic and mineral waste, are man-made soils designed to meet specific requirements and have great potential for use in GI. This review covers (1) current methods to create CT adapted for various GI designs and (2) published examples where CT have been used in GI. We address the main steps for building CT, the materials and which formulae that should be used to design functional CT, and the technical constraints to using CT for applications in parks, streetside trees, stormwater management, urban farming, and abandoned land. The analysis suggests that the composition and structure of CT should and can be adapted to available wastes and by-products and to future land use and environmental conditions. CT have a high potential to provide multiple soil functions in diverse situations and to contribute to greening efforts in cities (and beyond) across the world.

Fluctuations of rodent populations in response to rainfall and fire in a central Australian hummock grassland dominated by Plectrachne schinzii

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Southgate ◽  
P Masters
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammal ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rodent Populations

Fluctuations in the composition and abundance of a small-mammal assemblage were studied in a hummock grassland dominated by Plectrachne schinzii at Watarrka National Park from 1988 to 1993. During this period an experiment was conducted to examine the short-term effects of fire on the rodents. We caught three species of rodent (Pseudomys hermannsburgensis, Notomys alexis and Mus domesticus). All species reached their greatest density in spring 1989 during an exceptionally wet period that extended from mid- 1988 to 1990. P. hermannsburgensis was the most abundant species and showed a 10-fold fluctuation in numbers over the sample period; N. alexis was the next most abundant species and showed a 5-fold increase but the population took longer to decline. M. domesticus was recorded only during the period of high rainfall. The number of M. domesticus was significantly less on the burnt plots than on the unburnt plots. Neither P. hermannsburgensis nor N. alexis showed significant differences between burnt and unburnt plots. This study illustrates the impact of rainfall events on the composition and density of small-mammal populations in spinifex grasslands in central Australia. Our results lead to the prediction that rodent populations will achieve densities in the order of 10 individuals ha-' or more in regions that experience three consecutive 6-month periods each with rainfall at 150% of the long-term average. This sequence apparently needs to follow a dry period where rainfall is no more than 85% of the long-term annual average for two consecutive 12-month periods.

scholarly journals The Impact of Scarcity on Pro-environmental Behavior in the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya Sachdeva ◽  
James Shyan-Tau Wu ◽  
Jiaying Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Willingness To Engage

As the world contends with the far-ranging impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, ongoing environmental crises have, to some extent, been neglected during the pandemic. One reason behind this shift in priorities is the scarcity mindset triggered by the pandemic. Scarcity is the feeling of having less than what is necessary, and it causes people to prioritize immediate short-term needs over long-term ones. Scarcity experienced in the pandemic can reduce the willingness to engage in pro-environmental behavior, leading to environmental degradation that increases the chance of future pandemics. To protect pro-environmental behavior, we argue that it should not be viewed as value-laden and effortful, but rather reconceptualized as actions that address a multitude of human needs including pragmatic actions that conserve resources especially during scarcity. To bolster environmental protection, systematic changes are needed to make pro-environmental behavior better integrated into people's lives, communities, and cities, such that it is more accessible, less costly, and more resilient to future disturbances.

scholarly journals Employment and management trends in the biotechnolgy industry

1969 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Larbey
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Biotechnology Industry ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Management Issues

This paper takes a look at the major influences on the biotechnology industry and how they are currently affecting employment and management trends. It takes a brief look at the impact of the economic environment, the pharmaceutical industry, the role of geography, the employment stages faced by the industry and the management issues. The dangers of making predictions are obvious: remember that when IBM was asked in 1947 how many computers the world would need, they thought five main frames would do it. The biotechnology industry is still in nappies. The human genome was only published in February 2001 and we do not really have any concept of where or how fast this will take our scientific knowledge. So, while buffeted by the winds of short-term political and economic agendas, there is an undercurrent of an industry that is learning and growing up.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Cereal Yield and Production in the Sahel: Case of Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Shéïtan Sossou ◽  
Charlemagne Babatounde Igue ◽  
Moussa Diallo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The World ◽  
Cereal Production ◽  
Agricultural Yield ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century. It affects all countries in the world, especially Sahelian countries in Africa. This paper aimed at evaluating the impact of climate change on cereal yield in Burkina Faso. The ordinary least squares (OLS) was applied to time-series data from 1991 to 2016 collected on the World Bank website. The results have shown that temperature adversely affects yield and cereal production, while precipitation has positive effect. An increase in rainfall of 1 millimetre would increase cereal production by 385 tons in the long term and 252 tons in the short term. In the same, an increase in rainfall of 1 millimetre would increase agricultural yield by 9 kg per hectare in the long term. However, in the short term, an increase in temperatures of 1ºC would result in a decrease in cereal production and agricultural yield of 134748 tons and 72 kg per hectare, respectively. However, in the long term, a rise in temperatures of 1ºC would result in a decrease in cereal production and cereal yield of 154 634 tons and 1074 kg per hectare, respectively. Besides, the results indicate that the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) has no significant effect on yield and cereal production. Implementing effective adaptation strategies, such as access to improved seed, introduce smart agriculture in the system of cereal in Burkina Faso and increasing irrigation infrastructure could reduce the cereal production's vulnerability to climate shocks.

Mankind at a Crossroads

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Neantro Saavedra-Rivano
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Sense Of Urgency

The focus of this article is an examination of the impact that sentience of AI systems would have on mankind. Although the notion of sentience for AI systems is subject to controversy, we believe that its plausibility confers a sense of urgency to the kind of exercise developed here. For completeness, the article distinguishes the near-future and longer-term impacts of artificial intelligence. While the short-term impact is deemed to be mostly positive, the outlook for longer-term impact is considered to be negative under a variety of scenarios, including the adoption of man-machine symbiosis tools. The main reason for the negative outlook in the latter case is the heterogeneity of the world. This implies that only a privileged minority would benefit from symbiosis, an outcome that makes likely a world dominated by a minority of “superhumans.” These conclusions should not be taken lightly, and this article endeavors to raise the attention of scientists and policymakers. In this connection, the paper offers suggestions as to policy measures which could avert this disastrous outlook.

“I Think It’ll All Blow Over in the End”: How Young People Perceive the Impact of COVID-19 on Their Future Orientations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juul Henkens ◽  
Kirsten Visser ◽  
Catrin Finkenauer ◽  
Sander Tim Vermeulen ◽  
gonneke stevens
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Orientations ◽  
The Impact

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has changed the lives of young people all around the world drastically. Because young people’s future orientations are shaped by current experiences, COVID-19 and its social and economic consequences may impact young people’s future orientations. This study explored whether and how COVID-19 has affected young people’s future orientations by means of interviews with 71 Dutch young people with different sociodemographic backgrounds (37 before and 34 during the first months of COVID-19). Results revealed that young people felt COVID-19 had hardly any impact on their future orientations. In line with this, young people’s future orientations before and during COVID-19 were similar and hardly any of the participants mentioned COVID-19 spontaneously during the interview. A few young people indicated that they experienced some impact of COVID-19 on their current lives, short-term futures, or on the societal future in general. Young people’s idea that COVID-19 is temporary, the disconnect between the general future and their personal futures, and their flexible attitudes may partly explain why they did not feel their futures would be affected by COVID-19.

scholarly journals High Temperature Alters Secondary Metabolites and Photosynthetic Efficiency in Heracleum sosnowskyi

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4756
Author(s):  
Anna Rysiak ◽  
Sławomir Dresler ◽  
Agnieszka Hanaka ◽  
Barbara Hawrylak-Nowak ◽  
Maciej Strzemski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Heracleum Sosnowskyi ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Due to global warming, invasive species have spread across the world. We therefore studied the impact of short-term (1 day or 2 days) and longer (7 days) heat stress on photosynthesis and secondary metabolites in Heracleum sosnowskyi, one of the important invasive species in the European Union. H. sosnowskyi leaves exposed to short-term heat stress (35 °C/1 d) showed a decrease in chlorophyll and maximum potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) compared to control, 35 °C/2 d, or 30 °C/7 d treatments. In turn, the high level of lipid peroxidation and increased H2O2 accumulation indicated that the 30 °C/7 d stress induced oxidative damage. The contents of xanthotoxin and bergapten were elevated in the 2 d and 7 d treatments, while isopimpinellin was detected only in the heat-stressed plants. Additionally, the levels of free proline and anthocyanins significantly increased in response to high temperature, with a substantially higher increase in the 7 d (30 °C) treatment. The results indicate that the accumulation of proline, anthocyanins, and furanocoumarins, but not of phenolic acids or flavonols, contributes to protection of H. sosnowskyi plants against heat stress. Further studies could focus on the suppression of these metabolites to suppress the spread of this invasive species.

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