scholarly journals The Microvertebrates of Shanidar Cave: Preliminary Taphonomic Findings

Quaternary ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Emily Tilby ◽  
Preston Miracle ◽  
Graeme Barker
Keyword(s):  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Southwest Asia ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
First Results

Shanidar Cave, Iraqi Kurdistan, is one of the most important Palaeolithic sites in Southwest Asia. This is due to the long sequence of hominin occupation of the cave and the discovery of multiple Neanderthal individuals from the original Solecki excavations (1951–1960) and recent excavations (2014 to present). Preliminary taphonomic analyses of the microvertebrate assemblage were undertaken to understand the factors affecting assemblage formation and accumulation, and this paper presents the first results of these analyses. All contexts display a high proportion of fragmentation, with a slight decrease in breakage towards the base of the sequence. Black staining and root etching were observed in a similar pattern, present in most contexts but with an increase in the lower levels. A significant proportion of the microvertebrate remains examined displayed light traces of digestion, indicating some contribution to the assemblage by predators. The results are consistent with wider palaeoecological records that indicate relatively warm, wet conditions at the base of the sequence and cooler, drier conditions at the top.

Genetic and Epigenetic landscape of leukocyte infiltration identifies an immune prognosticator in lung adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Seema Khadirnaikar ◽  
Annesha Chatterjee ◽  
Sudhanshu Kumar Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Leukocyte Infiltration ◽  
Clinical Genetic ◽  
Factors Affecting

BACKGROUND: Leukocyte infiltration plays an critical role in outcome of various diseases including Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). OBJECTIVES: To understand the genetic and epigenetic factors affecting leukocyte infiltration and identification and validation of immune based biomarkers. METHOD: Correlation analysis was done to get the associations of the factors. CIBERSORT analysis was done for immune cell infiltration. Genetic and epigenetic analysis were performed. Cox regression was carried out for survival. RESULTS: We categorized the TCGA-LUAD patients based on Leukocyte fraction (LF) and performed extensive immunogenomic analysis. Interestingly, we showed that LF has a negative correlation with copy number variation (CNV) but not with mutational load. However, several individual genetic mutations, including KRAS and KEAP1, were significantly linked with LF. Also, as expected, patients with high LF showed significantly increased expression of genes involved in leukocyte migration and activation. DNA methylation changes also showed a strong association with LF and regulated a significant proportion of genes associated with LF. We also developed and validated an independent prognostic immune signature using the top six prognostic genes associated with LF. CONCLUSION: Together, we have identified clinical, genetic, and epigenetic variations associated with LUAD LF and developed an immune gene-based signature for disease prognostication.

The role of personal value preferences in predicting army stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S360-S360
Author(s):  
E. Tartakovsky ◽  
N. Rofe
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
Security Values ◽  
The Face ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Army Service ◽  
The Military ◽  
Value Preferences

BackgroundThe military is a stressful environment, and many service persons experience army stress. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors affecting army stress and stress resiliency.ObjectiveThe present study examines the connections between personal value preferences and army stress, applying the value congruency paradigm.MethodMale soldiers serving in three combat units in the Israeli Defense Forces participated in the study (n = 257).ResultsThe results obtained demonstrated that personal value preferences explained a significant proportion of the variance in army stress beyond the socio-demographic variables. A lower stress level was associated with a higher preference for the values of societal security, conformity, achievement, and universalism, and with a lower preference for the face and personal security values.ConclusionsThe research promotes our understanding of the relationships between general motivational goals expressed in personal value preferences and stress in the military context. In addition, the results obtained indicate the possible relevance of using values for selecting and preparing recruits who will most likely adjust well to the army framework. Finally, some value-oriented interventions that may be used for promoting the soldiers’ psychological adjustment during their army service are suggested.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals A network of autonomous surface ozone monitors in Antarctica: technical description and first results

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 5795-5831
Author(s):  
S. J.-B. Bauguitte ◽  
N. Brough ◽  
M. M. Frey ◽  
A. E. Jones ◽  
D. J. Maxfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
International Polar Year ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
First Results ◽  
Boundary Layer Ozone

Abstract. A suite of 10 autonomous ozone monitors, each powered using renewable energy, was developed and built to study surface ozone in Antarctica during the International Polar Year (2007–2009). The monitoring systems were deployed in a network around the Weddell Sea sector of coastal Antarctica with a transect up onto the Antarctic Plateau. The aim was to measure for a full year, thus gaining a much-improved broader view of boundary layer ozone seasonality at different locations as well as of factors affecting the budget of surface ozone in Antarctica. Ozone mixing ratios were measured based on UV photometry using a modified version of the commercial 2B Technologies Inc. Model 202 instrument. All but one of the autonomous units measured successfully within its predefined duty cycle throughout the year, with some differences in performance dependent on power availability and ambient temperature. Mean data recovery after removal of outliers was on average 70% (range 44–83%) and precision varied between 1.5 and 8 ppbv, thus was sufficiently good to resolve year-round the main ozone features of scientific interest. We conclude that, with adequate power, and noting a minor communication problem, our units would be able to operate successfully at ambient temperatures down to −60 °C. Systems such as the one described in this paper, or derivatives of it, could therefore be deployed either as local or regional networks elsewhere in the Arctic or Antarctic. Here we present technical information and first results from the experiment.

scholarly journals A network of autonomous surface ozone monitors in Antarctica: technical description and first results

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J.-B. Bauguitte ◽  
N. Brough ◽  
M. M. Frey ◽  
A. E. Jones ◽  
D. J. Maxfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
International Polar Year ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
First Results ◽  
Boundary Layer Ozone

Abstract. A suite of 10 autonomous ozone monitoring units, each powered using renewable energy, was developed and built to study surface ozone in Antarctica during the International Polar Year (2007–2009). The monitoring systems were deployed in a network around the Weddell Sea sector of coastal Antarctica with a transect up onto the Antarctic Plateau. The aim was to measure for a full year, thus gaining a much-improved broader view of boundary layer ozone seasonality at different locations as well as of factors affecting the budget of surface ozone in Antarctica. Ozone mixing ratios were measured based on UV photometry using a modified version of the commercial 2B Technologies Inc. Model 202 instrument. All but one of the autonomous units measured successfully within its predefined duty cycle throughout the year, with some differences in performance dependent on power availability and ambient temperature. Mean data recovery after removal of outliers was on average 70% (range 44–83%) and precision varied between 1.5 and 8 ppbv, thus was sufficiently good to resolve year-round the main ozone features of scientific interest. We conclude that, with adequate power, and noting a minor communication problem, our units would be able to operate successfully at ambient temperatures down to −60 °C. Systems such as the one described in this paper, or derivatives of it, could therefore be deployed either as local or regional networks elsewhere in the Arctic or Antarctic. Here we present technical information and first results from the experiment.

Rubber–rubber blends: A critical review

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-242
Author(s):  
Abitha Vayyaprontavida Kaliyathan ◽  
KM Varghese ◽  
A Sreekumaran Nair ◽  
Sabu Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Rubber Blend ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Atomic Force

The blending of different rubbers is one of the effective methods to achieve required performance properties in their final products. This article reviews the thermodynamic considerations of rubber–rubber blends and their filled systems. Factors affecting the rubber blend morphology (i.e. distribution mechanism of fillers, curatives and other compounding ingredients) and preparation techniques for rubber–rubber blends emphasizing their advantages and disadvantages are well discussed in this review. Microscopy is the field of interest to all material scientists. In the case of rubber blends, microscopy is an essential tool in order to understand the morphology, that is, size, shape and distribution of phases and filler particles in the rubber–rubber blend. In this review, selected scientific reports based on optical microscopy, electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy in rubber–rubber blends are discussed. Rubber material is a complex macromolecule; it has significant proportion of fillers, processing aids and curing agents; therefore, only a very few studies have been reported on the microscopic aspects of filled rubber–rubber blends. In particular, influence of rubber blend composition, fillers (micro and nano length scales) and processing additives on the morphology of rubber blends systems has not been systematically reviewed and discussed in the scientific literature. Therefore, in the present scenario, this review was thought of, which deals with the essential background to rubber–rubber blends, miscibility and morphological characterization of various rubber blend systems by microscopy. It is very important to add that although there is scattered information on these aspects in the scientific literature, to date a comprehensive review has not been published. The pros, cons, artefacts and the new challenges on the use of microscopy for the characterization of rubber–rubber blends are also discussed here.

scholarly journals Introducing ExHiBITT – Exploring Host microbiome inTeractions in Twins-, a colon multiomic cohort study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Mora-Ortiz ◽  
Hajir Ibraheim ◽  
Sherine Hermangild Kottoor ◽  
Ruth C. E. Bowyer ◽  
Sarah Metrustry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Colonic Polyps ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Familial Factors ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Health Questionnaires

AbstractThe colon is populated by approximately 1012 microorganisms, but the relationships between this microbiome and the host health status are still not completely understood. Participants from the TwinsUK cohort were recruited to study the interactions between the microbiome and host adaptive immunity. In total, 205 monozygotic twins were recruited from the wider TwinsUK cohort. They completed health questionnaires, and provided saliva, blood, colon biopsies from three different locations, caecal fluid, and two faecal-samples.Here, our objective is to present the cohort characteristics of ExHiBITT including i) biomedical phenotypes, ii) environmental factors and ii) colonoscopic findings. A significant proportion of this apparently normal cohort had colonic polyps (28%), which are of interest as potential precursors of colorectal cancer, and as expected, the number of polyps found was significantly correlated with BMI and age. Hitherto undiagnosed diverticulosis was also not infrequently found during colonoscopy (26%) and was associated in changes in Hybrid Th1-17 cells in the colon. Twin proband cooccurrence rate for diverticulosis (82%), was much higher than for polyps (42%). Familial factors affecting morphology or tolerance may contribute to the ease of endoscopy, as both the time to reach the caecum, and pain perceived were highly concordant (proband concordance: 85% and 56% respectively). We found the expected positive relationship between BMI and colonoscopic anomalies such as diverticular disease and polyps in the whole population, but within twin pairs this association was reversed. This suggests that familial factors confound these associations. Host and microbial Next Generation Sequencing and metabolomics of the samples collected are planned in this cohort.

scholarly journals Urban Child Labour in Bangladesh: Determinants and It’s Possible Impacts on Health and Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Ahad ◽  
Mitu Chowdhury ◽  
Yvonne K Parry ◽  
Eileen Willis
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Urban Child ◽  
Push Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Children And Parents

1) Background: A significant proportion of child laborers are compelled to work in exploitative environments, experience both deteriorating health and financial loss. The present study sought to determine the factors affecting child labour and the characteristics of their working environment. 2) Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted with 80 child labourers aged 5 to 17 years. Alongside descriptive statistics, a newly devised technique known as Influencing Causes Index (ICI) was administered and tested. 3) Results: The startling demographic findings reveal that peak share of child labourers are young children (12-14 years) and 32.5% child laborers had never attended school. The thorough assessment of determinants reflects that not only poverty, but schooling expenses and lack of access opportunity to primary schools are also the top-ranked push factors to trigger children towards labour. Around 72.5% of children work for over 8 hours a day. A significant proportion of participants received no leave, training, or access to hygiene facilities. The existing pattern of employment and working conditions resulted in musculoskeletal pain and dermatological infections among child labourers (p<0.05). 4) Conclusion: This research suggests that income measures for households, and an education programme for both children and parents would expedite the abolition of child labour.

scholarly journals Development of mergers and acquisitions in the conditions of the Czech economy 2001–2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Sedláček ◽  
Zuzana Křížová ◽  
Eva Hýblová
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Regulatory Bodies

This paper presents the first results of a research project which has the aims to identify the problems appearing during the preparation of mergers in compliance with valid Czech regulations and to analyze economic causes and consequences of mergers. At the first stage it was necessary to compile a basic dataset in a structure needed for a statistical analysis. The aim of the analysis presented in this paper is to ascertain, both theoretically and empirically, how the external environment affected the development of mergers of trading companies in the conditions of the Czech economy. The covered period is the past ten years, i.e. 2001–2010, when the development of the global economy was affected by the bank crisis in the USA and the economic recession. The analysis of the development of mergers and acquisitions focuses on three groups of factors affecting activities in the field of company combinations. These are mergers and acquisitions which are subject to approval by regulatory bodies, the effect of new regulations of financing (financial factors) and the effect of the macroeconomic situation in the form of GDP indicator and PX index. Macroeconomic indicators are related to mergers whose development has not been published or explored within scientific research. The results of the analysis allowed us to describe the dependence of activities in the field of company mergers which took place in the Czech Republic in the past decade on the selected factors of the external environment.

Some factors affecting the rate of adoption of new herbage cultivars

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
J.A. Lancashire
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
New Cultivars

Between 1973 and 1983 the number of certified grasses and legumes (excluding lucerne) available to the New Zealand farmer increased from 21 to 37 (Table 11 .l), with a further 5 added to the New Zealand National List during 1984/85. Clearly the high rate at which new cultivars are being released is continuing. Lucerne has followed a similar pattern with 10 cultivars now available compared with only 3 in 1970.

Predicting length of hospital stay and cost by aneurysm grade on admission

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Paul Elliott ◽  
Peter D. Le Roux ◽  
Galen Ransom ◽  
David W. Newell ◽  
M. Sean Grady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Aneurysm Rupture ◽  
Clinical Grade ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
The Cost

✓ To determine the relationship between clinical grade on admission and treatment cost after aneurysm rupture, the authors retrospectively examined the length of hospital stay (LOS) and total hospitalization costs (excluding professional fees) for 543 patients admitted for aneurysm surgery between 1983 and 1993. The overall median LOS was 18 days, with a range of 1 to 165 days. Increased median LOS correlated with Hunt and Hess Grades 0 to IV on admission (p< 0.001). Median LOS for Grade V patients was reduced, in part, because of early mortality. Increased treatment cost also correlated with worse admission clinical grade (p < 0.001). A significant proportion of total expenditures occurred early in the hospitalization for patients in all clinical grades. Identification of additional factors affecting the cost of aneurysm treatment is indicated to complement treatment outcome studies.

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