scholarly journals A Context-Grounded Approach to Religious Freedom: The Case of Orthodoxy in the Moldovan Republic

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide N. Carnevale
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

This paper explores the relationship between human rights and social analysis within the main historical and theoretical perspectives adopted by social sciences. In particular, religious freedom will be analysed as one of the central issues in the recent engagement of the social sciences with human rights. After examining current narratives and mainstream approaches of the social sciences towards the right to religious freedom, this article will then underline the importance of a social epistemology which goes beyond a normative and legal perspective, bridging the gap between the framework of human rights and the social roles of religion in context. Within this framework, religious freedom represents a social construct, whose perception, definition and implementation dynamically evolves according to its influence, at different levels, in the lived dimension of social relations. The second part of the article proposes a context-grounded analysis of religious freedom in the Republic of Moldova. This case study is characterised by the impressive growth of Orthodoxy after the demise of the Soviet Union and by a complex and contradictory political approach towards religious freedom, both as a legal standard and as a concept. Emerging through the analysis of local political narratives and some preliminary ethnographical observations, the social importance of religion will be investigated both as a governmental instrument and as an embodied means of dealing with widespread socio-economic insecurity, creating tensions between religious rootedness and religious freedom. The local debate on religious freedom will then be related to the influence of geopolitical borders, the topic of traditional identity and the religious form of adaptation to the ineffectiveness of the new secular local policies, with orthodox institutions and parishes having new socio-political roles at both a global and local scale.

Science and Politics in the U.S.S.R.: The Genetics Debate

1951 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela N. Wrinch
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
World Culture ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
World Science ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Social ◽  
Science And Politics

In the Soviet Union, views on all intellectual subjects—the social sciences, philosophy, and even the biological and physical sciences—are frequently regarded as expressions of political views. As a consequence, all intellectual fields are considered appropriate arenas for the struggle against “reaction” and other supposed manifestations of “bourgeois” ideology. To consider science a-political and supra-national, or to speak approvingly of “world science” or “world culture,” is to subscribe to the “bourgeois” ideology of “cosmopolitism”—an ideology which is assumed by virtue of its universalist emphasis to deprecate the contributions to culture made by individual nations.

On the Meaning of “Sovietology”

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryeh L. Unger
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disciplinary Identity ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
Common Area ◽  
Critical Scrutiny ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Western Scholarship

The article attempts to explicate the meaning of “Sovietology.” It traces the origins of the term and discusses the uses to which it has been put in the scholarly literature. Two different meanings have been attached to the term. One reflects the understanding of Sovietology as the study of Soviet politics; the other views it as a “basket” of several, variously specified, disciplines in the social sciences and—less often—the humanities, distinguished by a common area orientation. The resultant ambiguity has blurred Sovietology's disciplinary identity. Now that the record of Western scholarship on the Soviet Union has become the subject of critical scrutiny and debate, it is especially important that the meaning of “Sovietology” be clearly stipulated.

scholarly journals Penghapusan Kolom Agama Dalam Kartu Tanda Penduduk

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novita Akria Putri
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
Religious Sects ◽  
Identity Cards ◽  
The Right

Abstract: Human rights are claims that must be met in order to maintain the existence and human dignity. Right to religious freedom in fact, is a right enshrined directly in the Constitution of Indonesia. The essence of religious freedom is the recognition that every person has the right to believe and to live worship and engage in what is believed to be the call of God demands the truth. Appreciate the identity of a group is very important, inclusion of a religious identity in residence identity cards so that no one group that is forming a new religious sects that would undermine the nation's integration. Therefore, the elimination of religion column in the ID card is not the primary reason for the creation of the concept of equality before the law that became the main feature of a state of law. However, as the concept of justice of John Rawls, that the interests of certain groups are not allowed to undermine the social justice.Keywords: Removal, Religion Column, KTPAbstrak: Hak asasi manusia adalah klaim yang mesti dipenuhi demi mempertahankan eksistensi dan martabat manusia. Hak kebebasan beragama nyatanya, adalah hak yang diatur secara langsung dalam UUD 1945. Hakikat dengan kebebasan beragama adalah pengakuan bahwa setiap orang berhak meyakini serta untuk hidup beribadat dan berkomunikasi sesuai dengan apa yang diyakini sebagai panggilan tuntutan Tuhan yang mutlak. Menghargai adanya identitas sebuah golongan amatlah penting, pencantuman sebuah identitas agama dalam kartu identitas kependudukan agar tidak ada suatu golongan yang membentuk suatu sekte-sekte agama baru yang justru akan merusak integrasi bangsa. Oleh karena itu, penghapusan kolom agama dalam KTP tidaklah menjadi alasan utama untuk terciptanya konsep equality before the law yang menjadi ciri utama dari sebuah negara hukum. Namun, sebagaimana konsep keadilan dari Jhon Rawls, bahwa kepentingan golongan tertentu tidaklah diperbolehkan menggerus keadilan sosial.Kata kunci: Penghapusan, Kolom Agama, KTP

scholarly journals Homo sovieticus – „jednowymiarowy klient komunizmu”, czy „fenomen o wielu twarzach”?

2018 ◽  
pp. 157-170
Author(s):  
Eliza Kania
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interesting Approach ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Homo Sovieticus

The paper analyzes a symbolic notion that entered Polish political discourse at the time of political transformation, namely the notion of homo sovieticus. The author emphasizes a dichotomy in how this notion has been presented in Poland and in the Soviet Union, and later in the Russian Federation. In Poland this symbol was primarily assigned all the negative features associated with the pre-transformation society and with soviet ‘communism’ (Rev. J. Tisch- ner). In Russia, the associations most frequently evoked by the notion of homo sovieticus were more varied (A. Zinovjev, S. Alieksiyewich, W. Yerofieyev). Ideological zeal, or commitment to the ethos of work, were referred to more often there. Czes3aw Milosz presented an- other interesting approach to the topic, interpreting homo sovieticus more in terms of a victim of the ‘totalitarian system’ while emphasizing the issue of violence – both symbolic and subjective, and the uniformization of society (which had a considerable impact on ‘shaping’ the social mass as desired by the authorities). The paper attempts to stress the fact that the notion of homo sovieticus or soviet man is frequently refused the right to an actual identity, as it is mainly associated with the negative aspects of human nature. It is forgotten that an individual identity is the sum total of many factors: its self-identification and placement, the collective self-consciousness of the group, the historical conditions or axiological system prevailing and socially accepted in a given historical period.

THE ROLE OF STATE PENSIONS IN SOCIAL PROTECTION OF CITIZENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Makhmudjon Ziyadullaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

This article presents ofthe content of the right to social security, which is considered as one of the constitutional rights of citizens, the role of state pensions in the social protection of pensioners and the world pension systems, including distributive, mandatory and conditional pension funds.As well as the size of pensions and their components, the relevance and importance in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the ratification of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights and changes in thepension sector over the past 3-4 years, taking into account the types of pension provision, frombeginningsof independence of our country

Laurie Salitan: Human Rights and the Republics

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The People ◽  
The Right ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Rights Issue

The human rights situation has continued to improve as glasnost matures and as Gorbachev's plan to establish a law-based society unfolds. The loosening of restraints, which has been linked to the process of democratization, has had a dramatic impact on human rights. At the same time, the nature of the human rights issue in the Soviet Union has shifted from what it was even last year. Large-scale demonstrations are now mundane events, as is the right to speak one's thoughts freely or to go to church. What has changed is that the process of enforcing or guaranteeing rights is now being generated from below, whereas in the beginning this process started from above. The reform process now has a life of its own among the people, who are demanding all sorts of things.

scholarly journals Formation of the mandatory copy system in the Republic of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
I. K. Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Modern Problem ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Book Collections ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
The Right ◽  
National Information

The role and importance of the obligatory copy system in the life of the society is quite tangible. This system is the most important source of current acquisition of newly published national literature in libraries and bibliographic institutions. No other source of current acquisition can ensure the replenishment of libraries with such completeness and reliability as the legal deposit system. Wherever a work of literature is published (on the national territory), it will be delivered to libraries using the legal deposit system. The most complete collections of national literature will be available to scholars and specialists only in those libraries that enjoy the right to the legal deposit copy. The system of supplying libraries with the legal deposit copy in the Republic of Uzbekistan actively began to take shape in the 30s. XX century and was carried out through the Republican Library Collector established in Tashkent.The acquisition of book collections in scientific and technical libraries was subordinated to the needs of the branches of science and production developing in the republic and was carried out selectively, but mainly based on the legal deposit copy. This situation persisted in the republics of the Soviet Union, including the Republic of Uzbekistan until 1991.The article briefly presents the characteristics of the system of providing the libraries of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the legal copy of printed materials and presents the modern problem of regulation of the legal deposit system, which guarantees the replenishment of the national information and library stock.

Social Sciences Today: Contemporary Challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Nadezhda N. Fedotova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Social Knowledge ◽  
Public Expression ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right

The article highlights several areas that pose challenges for social science today. One of the challenges is the study of culture. The evolution of interest in culture in the social sciences is traced through an appeal to the role of culture in eco­nomics, which was an ideal type of ignoring culture for the most part of the 20th century. A paradigmatic shift towards interest in the study of culture at the turn of the 20th and the 21st centuries temporarily expelled society from the main forces that determine human behavior. This approach is no less reductionist than the previous expulsion of culture. The growing attention to the role of culture somewhat obscures the discussion of the problems caused by the spread of global capitalism and the development of digital technologies. Several other challenges stem from the changes in the internal and external contexts of social knowledge production. In our opinion, the idea of human rights is becoming a new significant context both for discussing the challenges of digitalization, and external challenges to science. The author maintains the right to one’s own knowledge and public expression of judgment, to some extent reduces the grow­ing restrictions in other areas of the human rights exercise.

Social Science’s Cold War

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-90
Author(s):  
Michael C. Desch
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
World War ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

This chapter details how with the end of the Second World War, social science disciplines were pulled in two diametrically opposed directions. The general intellectual climate of the post-World War II/early Cold War era was one of great optimism about professionalizing and modernizing the social sciences on the model of the natural sciences. This impulse especially affected political science. However, the inherent tensions between “rigor” and “relevance” reasserted themselves once again, and it became clear that a peacetime choice between them might have to be made. On the one hand, the experience of the war, and the growing realization that the country faced a protracted period of rivalry with the Soviet Union, encouraged the disciplines to try to remain relevant to policy. On the other hand, the mixed security environment and desire to remake the social sciences in the image of the natural sciences eventually pushed them away from it.

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