scholarly journals Micro and Macroelements in Honey and Atmospheric Pollution (NW and Central Poland)

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Gałczyńska ◽  
Renata Gamrat ◽  
Mateusz Bosiacki ◽  
Zofia Sotek ◽  
Małgorzata Stasińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Contamination Index ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk Assessment ◽  
The Eu

Urban vegetation is generally exposed to high levels of air pollution in airborne particles, with the greatest exposure in the EU being seen in Poland. With the continuing growth of urban populations, there is a need to confirm whether honey produced from urban areas is of similar high quality to that from rural areas. A total of 27 honey samples were collected from urban and rural apiaries and tested for the concentrations of 19 elements by ICP-OES. The results were compared with data on honey produced in old and new EU countries (metadata). Our evaluation used a novel approach to determine threshold values in the identification of the bioproduct contamination index. The analysed urban honey samples demonstrated higher concentrations of K, Sr, Ba, Ni, and Co, and lower levels of Mn and B than rural honey samples. Contamination by PM10 particles and the toxic elements contained in them proved to be a poor predictor of the content of these elements in honey, in contrast to the effect of atmospheric pollution measured during firework shows, which demonstrated higher concentrations of Ba, Pb, Ca, Cu, and Mg. The non-carcinogenic risk assessment indicated that the analysed honey samples are of good quality and are comparable or of even better quality than honey products from other EU countries.

FEATURES OF EU AGRICULTURAL POLICY: OPPORTUNITIES FOR UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Oleksii Hryhorovych Korytnyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

The need for constant monitoring of existing practices to improve the efficiency of the agricultural sector and identify important guidelines for further development of this area.Using modern experience of EU countries to increase the efficiency of the national agricultural sector.Practical and theoretical issues of development of the agricultural sector and the use of existing practical experience in this field were considered by O. Borodin, O. Bublienko, V. Granovska, N. Karaseva, I. Klymenko, R. Kosodiy, M. Skoryk and others.Active development of economic processes in the agricultural sector requires current research on the existing practical experience of developed countries.Analysis of practical experience in ensuring the effective functioning of the agricultural sector of the EU.An effective direction of the transition to sustainable development of rural areas is organic production (regulatory principles are reflected in the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU). The institutional norms of the CAP EU act as a guarantor of positive transformations and a "substitute" for the interests of producers in conditions of market competition. In practice, the Council and the EU Commission are responsible for implementing the common policy. European policy for the development of the agricultural sector is funded by the European Agrarian Fund for Rural Development. EU countries use various mechanisms (subsidies, grants, state loan guarantees, etc.) for the development of the agricultural sector. The best results in the direction of sustainable development of the agricultural sector were achieved by countries that took radical steps quickly, decisively, comprehensively. The experience of the EU countries shows that it is also justified to limit government intervention in this sector, or to implement it through market-type mechanisms

scholarly journals An AHPSort II Based Analysis of the Inequality Reduction within European Union

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Álvaro Labella ◽  
Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Cohard ◽  
José Domingo Sánchez-Martínez ◽  
Luis Martínez
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Proper Analysis ◽  
The Eu

Nowadays, sustainability is an omnipresent concept in our society, which encompasses several challenges related to poverty, inequality, climate change and so on. The United Nations adopted the Agenda 2030, a plan of action formed of universal Sustainable Developments Goals (SDGs) and targets, which countries have to face in order to shift the world toward a sustainable future. One of the most relevant SDGs since the onset of the financial crisis in 2007 has been the so-called reduced inequalities, which consists of dealing with the inequality of opportunities and wealth between and within countries. However, reducing inequalities depends on many heterogeneous aspects, making it difficult to make a proper analysis that evaluates the European Union (EU) countries performance of this goal. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to evaluate the inequalities in EU countries based on a sorting a multi-criteria decision-making method called AHPSort II. This approach allows to obtain a classification of the EU countries according to their achievements in reducing inequalities to subsequently carry out a deep performance analysis with the aim of drawing conclusions as to the evolution of inequality in them along the years. The results are consistent with the main international organizations’ reports and academic literature, as shown in the Discussion Section.

scholarly journals Environmental aspects of agricultural policies of the European Union countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
Anna Lytvynchuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Support ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Eu

At present, the state of the economy of the agricultural sector in many countries of the world, including in the countries of the European Union (EU), inherent in developed industry, has led to the transition to a new environmentally oriented agricultural policy. An important role is assigned to state support of agricultural producers, through subsidies, preferential credit policy, and in some countries, the complete abolition of taxation of entrepreneurial activity in rural areas, which confirms the relevance and national economic significance of the article. In domestic agroeconomic science and practice, there is no scientific concept of state participation in the process of bringing the agricultural sector out of the crisis. Research objectives – consider the development policy of the agricultural sector of the EU countries; study the level of state support for agricultural producers. The purpose of the work is to consider the degree of development of the agricultural policy of the EU countries in the context of ensuring food security. The methods and methodology of the research were general scientific, particular methods of cognition, including the historical and logical, the method of observation and comparison. Shows the main approaches to state regulation of the development of the agro-industrial sector at the level of the European Union as a whole and in the context of member countries; characteristic features and principles that determine the success and integrity of a unified agricultural policy; factors contributing to the productivity of agricultural land; agro-ecological requirements restricting the import of genetically modified products; the main tasks in the development of a new policy of the agrarian sector of the economy; priority directions of regulation of measures to support agricultural producers, integrated development of rural areas, increasing the competitiveness of the EU agricultural sector. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that this study will allow the state bodies of Belarus to better understand how it is necessary to form an agricultural policy in the context of ensuring food security.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN RURAL POVERTY AFTER POLAND’S ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Chmielewska ◽  
Józef Stanisław Zegar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of this paper is to assess changes in the risk of poverty in European Union Member States and the extent of poverty in rural areas and farming households after Poland’s accession to the EU. The above aspect was consid- ered against the background of urban residents and other so- cioeconomic groups of households. The study was based on EU-SILC, Eurostat and CSO data. For a comparative assess- ment across EU countries, the poverty and/or social exclusion risk index was used. For a comparative assessment of rural and urban areas, the following basic poverty thresholds (as es- timated by the Central Statistical Office), were used: extreme poverty (subsistence minimum), relative poverty and statutory poverty. Despite the high level of socioeconomic development in the European Union, the risk of poverty or social exclusion is widespread and varies strongly across countries, regions and social groups. In Poland, rural areas are more affected by poverty than urban areas, mainly because rural households have lower incomes than urban households. The risk of pov- erty in the EU has declined. After the accession to the EU, Poland has experienced a decrease in the extent of poverty. This positive change was the combined result of many factors, mainly including an increase in incomes of the farming and rural population. In Poland, income disparities between rural and urban residents and between farm and landless families have decreased. Reducing poverty and social exclusion is one of the most important goals of the EU social policy.

scholarly journals Few Tweets After Flu Peak: Twitter-based Influenza Detection by Referring Indirect Information (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoko Wakamiya ◽  
Yukiko Kawai ◽  
Eiji Aramaki
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Baseline Model ◽  
Social Networking Services ◽  
Direct Information ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Indirect Information ◽  
Social Sensors

UNSTRUCTURED Background & Objective: The recent rise in popularity and scale of social networking services (SNSs) has resulted in an increasing need for SNS-based information extraction systems. A popular application of SNS data is health surveillance for predicting an outbreak of epidemics by detecting diseases from text messages posted on SNS platforms. Such applications share a following logic: they incorporate SNS users as social sensors. These social sensors-based approaches also share a common problem: SNS-based surveillances are much more reliable if sufficient numbers of users are active, and small or inactive populations produce inconsistent results. This paper proposes a novel approach that overcomes this problem using indirect information covering both urban areas and rural areas within the posts. Methods: To estimate the trend of the patient number in each area and each season, we present a TRAP model by embedding both direct information and indirect information. A collection of tweets spanning three years (seven million influenza-related tweets in Japanese) is used to evaluate the model. Both direct information and indirect information that mentions other places were used. As indirect information is less reliable (too noisy or too old) than direct information, the indirect information data were not utilized directly but were considered as inhibiting direct information. For example, when indirect information appeared often, it was considered as signifying that everyone already had a known disease, leading to a small amount of direct information. Results & Conclusions: The results evaluated using correlation coefficient revealed that the baseline model (BASELINE+NLP) shows 0.36, and the proposed model (TRAP+NLP) improved the accuracy (0.70, +0.34 points).

scholarly journals Local and regional power: its role in European Integration and the protection of the rule of law

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-95
Author(s):  
Bruno Miguel De Lima Saraiva
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Regional Power ◽  
Member States ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Eu

A failure in administrative approximation, as established by the EU Treaties, tends towards the perpetuation of systems that keep an organisational statu quo favorable to the stagnation of European integration by limiting its spread beyond urban areas to rural areas. The phenomena of asymmetric economic development within Member States, in turn, allows for the maintenance of this organisational and integrative inertia in highly centralised Member States, serving as a one of the engines for the development of anti-EU sentiment and vote. In this sense the reasoning behind the establishment of local and regional power as a constitutional bulwark against the development of an illiberal or authoritarian list, especially in young democracies, becomes especially important when framed in context with the growth of authoritarian anti-EU movements throughout Europe. This growth, finding an eager bulwark in rural areas, is not coincidental and might be attributed to the distance from the decision-making process that local and regional government struggle with, combined with economic stagnation and difficulties in the use of resources and opportunities that are theoretically afforded by EU membership, leads to the development of anti-EU sentiment, offering political support and democratic legitimacy to projects which oppose the EU and prove detrimental to democratic systems. This paper therefore posits that to safeguard the development of the greater European project and democracy within Member States, there must be an expansion of the very same principles that govern the interactions between Member States and the EU to the subnational level, with a special focus on subsidiarity.

scholarly journals Potential Use of UAV-Based Mapping System to Accelerate the Production of Parcel Boundary Map in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catur A. Rokhmana ◽  
Imung A. Gumeidhidta ◽  
Martinus E. Tjahjadi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Boundary Map ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Potential Use

Recently, the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs announces a decree to accelerate a completion of the registration of land parcels of cadaster maps up to a scale of 1:1000. It is known that the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle based mapping system (UAV-Map) can produce orthophoto image with spatial resolution less than 10 cm, but it is not yet known whether UAV-Map implementation is able to identify boundary of land parcel in any condition. Therefore, this paper would analyze the planimetric accuracy that is conformed to the regulation of State Minister of Agrarian Affairs/Head of National Land Agency No.3, 1997 both for urban and rural areas. Two testing areas are established which located on urban area and rural area respectively. Flight missions are conducted using a fixed-wing aircraft equipped with a consumer grade camera and a navigational grade GPS-INS system. Orthophoto maps are produced by using Agisoft Photoscan software. Digitizing of parcel boundaries are followed both on an existing map and on the orthophoto maps. Deviations in areas are expressed in terms of the RMSE figures. Planimetric accuracies as indicated by the RMSE value are of 0,044 m for urban areas and 0,122 m for rural area. It is showed that all discrepancies of the parcels area are still below the recommended threshold values of the regulation. It is can be concluded that the orthophoto maps obtained by using a low cost UAV-Map system can be used to identify land parcels boundaries and to determine the parcel area.

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