scholarly journals Analyzing Gaps in Hurricane Rain Coverage to Inform Future Satellite Proposals

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2673
Author(s):  
Justin P. Stow ◽  
Mark A. Bourassa ◽  
Heather M. Holbach
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Surface Winds ◽  
Pressure Center ◽  
Rain Drop ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Aircraft Data ◽  
Surface Observations

This study assesses where tropical cyclone (TC) surface winds can be measured as a function of footprint sizes and wavelengths (Ka- Ku- and C-band). During TCs, most high-resolution surface observations are impeded by considerable ‘rain contamination.’ Under these conditions, high-resolution surface observations typically come from operational aircraft. Other techniques that provide high-resolution surface observations through rain are also hindered somewhat by rain contamination and are very sparse in space and time. The impacts of rain are functions of the remotely sensed wavelength and rain–drop size. Therefore, relative long wavelengths have been used to observe the surface, but at the cost of a larger footprint. We examine how smaller footprint sizes could be used to observe through gaps between moderate to heavy rainbands that circulate around the main low-pressure center of a TC. Aircraft data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) WP-3D turboprop aircraft will be used to create realistic maps of rain. Our results provide information on the satellite instrument characteristics needed to see the surface through these gaps. This information is expected to aid in developing hurricane-related applications of new higher-resolution satellites.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH SIKLON TROPIS GILLIAN TERHADAP CURAH HUJAN DI WILAYAH RIAU DAN SEKITARNYA

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Rini Mariana Sibarani
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Pressure Center ◽  
Tropical Cyclone Formation ◽  
Sumatra Island

IntisariSiklon Tropis merupakan gangguan meteorologi yang disebabkan karena adanya pusat tekanan rendah di lautan. Syarat terbentuknya siklon tropis di daerah perairan adalah suhu muka laut (sst) cukup panas (T > 260C). Salah satu Siklon Tropis yang terjadi di perairan Indinesia adalah Siklon Tropis Gillian. Siklon Tropis ini terjadi di Selatan Perairan Indonesia, yang berlangsung selama 5 hari dari tanggal 21 Maret – 25 Maret 2014. Siklon Tropis Gillian ini mempengaruhi kondisi curah hujan di wilayah Indonesia bagian Utara, tepatnya di Pulau Sumatera Bagian Utara. Selama terjadinya Siklon Tropis Gillian mengakibatkan pengurangan Curah hujan di wilayah tersebut, terutama di daerah Provinsi Riau. Dari data yang diperoleh baik dari data Penakar POS METEOROLOGI maupun dari data Satelit TRMM Jaxa mulai tanggal 23 Maret – 27 Maret 2014, curah hujan yang tercatat di wilayah Riau dan sekitarnya mendekati 0 mm. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa Siklon Tropis Gillian di selatan Perairan Jawa mempengaruhi curah hujan di Pulau Sumatera Bagian Utara (Riau).  AbstrackTropical Cyclone is the meteorological disturbance due to the low pressure center in the ocean. Terms of tropical cyclone formation in the waters is the sea surface temperature (sst) is quite warm (T> 260C). Tropical Cyclone Gillian is one of Tropical Cyclone that occurred in the waters of Indinesia. This tropical cyclones occur in the Southern waters of Indonesian, which lasted for 5 days from March 21 to March 25, 2014. Tropical Cyclone Gillian affects rainfall in the northern part of Indonesia, precisely in Northern Sumatra Island. During the Tropical Cyclone Gillian lead to a reduction in rainfall in the region, especially in the province of Riau. Rainfall data from the POS METEOROLOGY and TRMM Satellite Jaxa began on March 23 to March 27, 2014, was recorded in Riau area close to 0 mm. This proves that the Tropical Cyclone Gillian in southern waters of Java affecting rainfall in Northern of Sumatera Island (Riau).

scholarly journals Assimilation of High-Resolution Tropical Cyclone Observations with an Ensemble Kalman Filter Using HEDAS: Evaluation of 2008–11 HWRF Forecasts

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sim D. Aberson ◽  
Altuğ Aksoy ◽  
Kathryn J. Sellwood ◽  
Tomislava Vukicevic ◽  
Xuejin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Ensemble Kalman Filter ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Doppler Radar Data ◽  
Flight Level ◽  
Airborne Doppler Radar ◽  
Aircraft Data

Abstract NOAA has been gathering high-resolution, flight-level dropwindsonde and airborne Doppler radar data in tropical cyclones for almost three decades; the U.S. Air Force routinely obtained the same type and quality of data, excepting Doppler radar, for most of that time. The data have been used for operational diagnosis and for research, and, starting in 2013, have been assimilated into operational regional tropical cyclone models. This study is an effort to quantify the impact of assimilating these data into a version of the operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting model using an ensemble Kalman filter. A total of 83 cases during 2008–11 were investigated. The aircraft whose data were used in the study all provide high-density flight-level wind and thermodynamic observations as well as surface wind speed data. Forecasts initialized with these data assimilated are compared to those using the model standard initialization. Since only NOAA aircraft provide airborne Doppler radar data, these data are also tested to see their impact above the standard aircraft data. The aircraft data alone are shown to provide some statistically significant improvement to track and intensity forecasts during the critical watch and warning period before projected landfall (through 60 h), with the Doppler radar data providing some further improvement. This study shows the potential for improved forecasts with regular tropical cyclone aircraft reconnaissance and the assimilation of data obtained from them, especially airborne Doppler radar data, into the numerical guidance.

scholarly journals Nonstationarity in Intermittent Rainfall: The “Dry Drift”

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1189-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Schleiss ◽  
Sabine Chamoun ◽  
Alexis Berne
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Rain Rate ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Rainfall Occurrence ◽  
Rain Drop ◽  
High Resolution Radar ◽  
Radar Rain Rate ◽  
Average Rain

Abstract A particular aspect of the nonstationary nature of intermittent rainfall is investigated. It manifests itself in the fact that the average rain rate varies with the distance to the surrounding dry areas. The authors call this fundamental link between the rainfall intensity and the rainfall occurrence process the “dry drift.” Using high-resolution radar rain-rate maps and disdrometer data, they show how the dry drift affects the structure and the variability of intermittent rainfall fields. They provide a rigorous geostatistical framework to describe it and propose an extension of the concept to more general quantities like the (rain)drop size distribution.

scholarly journals The impacts of Seroja Tropical Cyclone towards extreme weather in East Nusa Tenggara

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Andung Bayu Sekaranom ◽  
Narastravika Henardi Putri ◽  
Fatih Cinderaswari Puspaningrani
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Tropical Storm ◽  
Pressure Center ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to discuss the Seroja Tropical Cyclone and its impact on extreme weather. Seroja tropical cyclones occur from April 4 to 5th 2021, in the East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) region. Based on data from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG), the initial position of the Seroja tropical cyclone was in the Savu Sea, southwest of Timor Island. Since April 1, 2021, the NTT region has become the center of low pressure that triggers the formation of this cyclone. When a tropical storm occurs, the intensity of rainfall which initially reaches less than 60 mm/day, increases rapidly to more than 100 mm/day on April 4 to 5, 2021. This is the impact of the low-pressure center that triggers the formation of tropical cyclones in the region.

Rain drop size distributions estimated from NOAA Snow-Level Radar data

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drop Size ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Doppler Velocity ◽  
Velocity Spectrum ◽  
A Value ◽  
Rain Drop ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Air Motion ◽  
Drop Size Distributions

Abstract Using NOAA’s S-band High Power Snow-Level Radar, HPSLR, a technique for estimating the rain drop size distribution (DSD) above the radar is presented. This technique assumes the DSD can be described by a four parameter, generalized Gamma distribution (GGD). Using the radar’s measured average Doppler velocity spectrum and a value (assumed, measured, or estimated) of the vertical air motion, w, an estimate of the GGD is obtained. Four different methods can be used to obtain w. One method that estimates a mean mass-weighted raindrop diameter, Dm, from the measured reflectivity, Z, produces realistic DSDs compared to prior literature examples. These estimated DSDs provide evidence that the radar can retrieve the smaller drop sizes constituting the “drizzle” mode part of the DSD. This estimation technique was applied to 19 h of observations from Hankins, NC. Results support the concept that DSDs can be modeled using GGDs with a limited range of parameters. Further work is needed to validate the described technique for estimating DSDs in more varied precipitation types and to verify the vertical air motion estimates.

Impact of High Resolution 3D Geomechanics on Well Optimization in the Southern Gulf of Suez, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elkhawaga ◽  
Wael A. Elghaney ◽  
Rajarajan Naidu ◽  
Assef Hussen ◽  
Ramy Rafaat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Wellbore Stability ◽  
Gulf Of Suez ◽  
Geomechanical Model ◽  
3D Geomechanical Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Optimizing the number of casing strings has a direct impact on cost of drilling a well. The objective of the case study presented in this paper is the demonstration of reducing cost through integration of data. This paper shows the impact of high-resolution 3D geomechanical modeling on well cost optimization for the GS327 Oil field. The field is located in the Sothern Gulf of Suez basin and has been developed by 20 wells The conventional casing design in the field included three sections. In this mature field, especially with the challenge of reducing production cost, it is imperative to look for opportunites to optimize cost in drilling new wells to sustain ptoduction. 3D geomechanics is crucial for such cases in order to optimize the cost per barrel at the same time help to drill new wells safely. An old wellbore stability study did not support the decision-maker to merge any hole sections. However, there was not geomechanics-related problems recorded during the drilling the drilling of different mud weights. In this study, a 3D geomechanical model was developed and the new mud weight calculations positively affected the casing design for two new wells. The cost optimization will be useful for any future wells to be drilled in this area. This study documents how a 3D geomechanical model helped in the successful delivery of objectives (guided by an understanding of pore pressure and rock properties) through revision of mud weight window calculations that helped in optimizing the casing design and eliminate the need for an intermediate casing. This study reveals that the new calculated pore pressure in the GS327 field is predominantly hydrostatic with a minor decline in the reservoir pressure. In addition, rock strength of the shale is moderately high and nearly homogeneous, which helped in achieving a new casing design for the last two drilled wells in the field.

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