Live Coral Cover Index Testing and Application with Hyperspectral Airborne Image Data

In order to know the coral reef conditions at several diving points around Bunaken Island, three dive locations (Ron’s point, Lekuan, and Tawara) were chosen as representative locations receiving pressures from snorkeling and SCUBA diving activities, while core zone was representative of location for no diving and fishing activities. Results showed that location with diving activities had live coral cover ranging from 16.89% to 45.78% at 3 and 10m depths, with condition range of bad to moderate, while the location for no diving and fishing activities (core zone) had live coral cover of 55.03% at 3m and 58.15% at 10m, respectively, with good condition category. The present study indicated that the diving activities have affected the coral reef condition, so that a sustainable integrated management system is needed to use the marine ecotourism potency without degrading the coral reef condition in Bunaken Island. Untuk mengetahui kondisi terumbu karang di beberapa lokasi penyelaman di Pulau Bunaken, tiga lokasi penyelaman(Ron’s point, Lekuan, dan Tawara) dipilih mewakili lokasi dengan tekanan aktivitas penyelaman snorkeling maupun SCUBA, sedangkan satu lokasi lainnya yaitu zona inti dipilih mewakili lokasi tanpa aktivitas penyelaman maupun aktivitas penangkapan ikan. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa lokasi dengan tekanan aktivitas penyelaman memiliki prosentase tutupan karang batu/hidup berkisar antara 16,89% - 45,78% pada kedalaman 3 dan 10m, dengan kategori kondisi terumbu karang buruk sampai cukup, sedangkan pada lokasi yang tidak memiliki aktivitas penyelaman memiliki prosentase tutupan karang batu/hidup sebesar 53,03% pada 3m dan 58,15% pada 10m dengan kategori kondisi terumbu karang adalah baik. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa aktivitas penyelaman snorkeling maupun SCUBA berdampak pada kondisi terumbu karang di Pulau Bunaken, sehingga sangat diperlukan system pengelolaan yang terpadu dan berkesinambungan dalam memanfaatkan secara maksimal potensi ekowisata bahari tanpa merusak ekosistem terumbu karang di Pulau Bunaken.

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Status of Coral Reefs in the Water of Spermonde, Makassar, South Sulawesi

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202132403007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 324 ◽

pp. 03007

Author(s):

Ni Wayan Purnama Sari ◽

Rikoh Manogar Siringoringo ◽

Muhammad Abrar ◽

Risandi Dwirama Putra ◽

Raden Sutiadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Live Coral ◽

Health Index ◽

Point Count ◽

Live Coral Cover ◽

Reef Health ◽

Index Value

Observations of the condition of coral reefs have been carried out in Spermonde waters from 2015 to 2018. The method used in this observation uses Underwater Photo Transect (UPT), and the data obtained is analyzed using CPCe (Coral Point Count with Excel Extensions) software. The results show that the percentage of coral cover has increased from year to year. The percentage of live coral cover in 2015 was 19.64%, 23.60 in 2016, 23.72% in 2017, and 27.83% in 2018. The increase in live coral cover from year to year is thought to occur due to the availability of nutrients. or increasing public awareness, considering this location is one of the most famous tourist attractions in Makassar. Coral reef health index values can be used to classify coral reef health. Through the analysis of the coral reef health index, an index value of 4 was obtained, which means that the condition of the coral reefs is in the “moderate” category.

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Keanekaragaman dan Biomassa Ikan Karang serta Keterkaitannya dengan Tutupan Karang Hidup di Perairan Manggis, Kabupaten Karangasem, Bali

Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.24843/jmas.2019.v05.i02.p02 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 164

Author(s):

I Made Raditya Putra ◽

I Gusti Ngurah Putra Dirgayusa ◽

Elok Faiqoh

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Reef Fish ◽

Coral Reef Fish ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Live Coral ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Living Coral ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Live Coral Cover

The existence of coral reef fish is closely related to the availability of coral reef resource as a habitat. Coral reef fish is a biota that has a fascination with a variety of color patterns and fascinating. Differences in coral cover conditions will affect the abundance of coral reef fish, especially those with strong linkages to living corals. This research was conducted in June - August 2017 by using line intercept transect (LIT) method for coral cover percentage and visual census method for biodiversity and biomass of coral reef fish with 3 research stations in Manggis waters, Karangasem. From the research results, it shows that the diversity index ranged between 2.54 - 2.70 which means the diversity of coral reef fish in the medium category and the stability of the community is in the medium. Furthermore, total biomass of coral reef fish ranged between 186,17 - 1692,08 kg / ha. The results stated that the percentage of live coral cover in Manggis waters ranged from 3.83% to 12.44% which means that live coral cover is categorized as bad. A very strong positive correlation between living coral conditions and coral reef fish biomass was 92.42%. Meanwhile, the relationship between living coral conditions and the diversity of coral reef fish had a strong positive correlation of 65.4%. The diversity of coral reef fish in waters is not only caused by live coral cover; however, it is caused by coral reef ecosystems that are associated in the bottom of the waters.

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Assessing the effect of management zonation on live coral cover using multi-date IKONOS satellite imagery

Journal of Applied Remote Sensing ◽

10.1117/1.2822612 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 011504 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Candace M. Newman

Keyword(s):

Satellite Imagery ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Live Coral ◽

Live Coral Cover

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Acanthaster planci impact on coral communities at permanent transect sites on Bruneian reefs, with a regional overview and a critique on outbreak causes

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315411000890 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 803-809 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

David J.W. Lane

Keyword(s):

Coral Cover ◽

Food Limitation ◽

Past Century ◽

Live Coral ◽

Sea Star ◽

Acanthaster Planci ◽

The Past ◽

Live Coral Cover ◽

Coral Communities ◽

High Precipitation

The submerged coral reefs of Brunei, little-impacted by human activity and characterized by high live coral cover, have no recorded history in recent decades of the presence of the crown-of-thorns (COT), Acanthaster planci. This sea star, first recorded on Brunei reefs in 2008, attained outbreak densities in 2010. At Littledale Shoal its impact on corals at permanent transect sites has been quantified; mean live coral cover reduced by half from 2006 to 2010 due predominantly to predation. Line intersect transect data confirm a predisposition for tabular Acropora species, a prominent feature at this site, although other scleractinian taxa were also predated. Other regional outbreaks are reviewed, including episodes, and their timing, within the neighbouring Coral Triangle (CT). Mounting evidence implicates nutrient-enhanced increases in primary production as a primary cause of COT outbreaks. However, this stands in contrast with a report of global oceanic phytoplankton decline in the past century, and there is little evidence of such a link in the CT, even though this region is characterized by high precipitation, erosional plumes and seasonal upwelling-associated phytoplankton blooms. Furthermore, until survivorship and competency for a wider spectrum of mass-spawned invertebrate planktotrophs in relation to elevated phytoplankton densities is better understood, such evidence, suggesting release from food limitation as the principal cause of enhanced COT recruitment, should be interpreted with caution.

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Cuando la conservación no puede seguir el ritmo del desarrollo: Estado de salud de los ecosistemas coralinos del Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v66i1.33300 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (1-1) ◽

pp. 280 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Juan José Alvarado ◽

Andrés Beita-Jiménez ◽

Sebastián Mena ◽

Cindy Fernández ◽

Jorge Cortés ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

North Pacific ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Actual State ◽

Live Coral ◽

The North ◽

Invasive Seaweed ◽

Live Coral Cover ◽

The North Pacific

Abstract: When conservation can keep up with development´s pace: Health status of coral ecosystems in the North Pacific of Costa Rica. Coral reefs are diverse and productive ecosystems, despite this, they are being threatened by human activities that enhance the detrimental impact of the natural phenomenon’s like Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB). The north Pacific of Costa Rica has been characterized as one of the best regions for the coral reefs development in the country. However, many of these ecosystems are being lost as a result of eutrophication, overfishing, invasive species and others impacts that affect the region. In the present study, live coral cover in the north Pacific was 5.0 ± 10.4(s.d.) %, with a domination in the ecosystems by turf algae. Twenty-six invertebrate taxa were registered in the region with the predominance of the sea urchin Diadema mexicanum. Ninety-four species of reef fish were identified. Snappers and some planktivores species were the groups with the highest frequency and abundance. The localities previously studied in the 1990 decade, presented a mean live coral cover between 40-50 %, whereby the actual state of the reef reflect a significant deterioration. This decline in coral cover is due to natural events like the El Niño, as well as the decrease in water quality in the region. In recent years, proliferations of the invasive seaweed Caulerpa sertularioides and high densities of bioerosive sea urchins have been reported, mainly associated with HAB events. Likewise, fish communities have low biomass, especially in the vicinity of fishing villages. The state of the reefs in the North Pacific is worrying and requires actions for its recovery and conservation, for which there must be better planning of the development of projects and activities on the coast. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(Suppl. 1): S280-S308. Epub 2018 April 01.

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Condition of coral reef in Batee Island waters, Peukan Bada Sub-District, Aceh Besar

DEPIK ◽

10.13170/depik.10.2.19995 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 115-119

Author(s):

Maria Ulfah ◽

Saiful Mahlil ◽

Muhammad Nasir ◽

Sayyid Afdhal El Rahimi ◽

Syahrul Purnawan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Marine Biota ◽

Live Coral ◽

Small Islands ◽

Live Coral Cover ◽

Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

Average Condition ◽

Line Intercept

Batee Island is one of the small islands in the Aceh Besar region and is uninhabited and directly faces the Indian Ocean. Batee Island's waters have the potential for marine biota, especially coral reef ecosystems, and other associated biotas. This study aims to determine the percentage and comparison of live coral cover in Batee Island waters and determine the genus' composition in Batee Island waters. This research was conducted in October-November 2016. Collecting coral reef data using the LIT (Line Intercept Transect) method. The results showed that the live coral cover in Batee Island's waters differed between the East and West Batee Islands. The coral reefs' average condition in Batee Island waters at shallow depths (0-5m) is 41.41%, and deep (6-10m) is 36.52%. Overall, the conditions and live coral cover in the waters of Batee Island are classified as moderate. In the waters of Batee Island, there are 31 coral genera. The highest percentage of corals was the genus Acropora (50.02%).Keywords:Batee IslandConditionCoral reefCoral cover

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BENTUKPERTUMBUHANKARANGDAERAHTERTUTUP DANTERBUKADI PERAIRAN SEKITARPULAU PAMEGARAN, TELUKJAKARTA

BAWAL Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap ◽

10.15578/bawal.3.4.2011.255-260 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 255

Author(s):

Anthony Sisco Panggabean ◽

Bram Setiadji

Keyword(s):

Life Form ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Live Coral ◽

Medium Sand ◽

Live Coral Cover ◽

Line Intercept

Lingkungan perairan dapat membedakan bentuk pertumbuhan karang. Untukmengetahui bentuk pertumbuhan karang pada dua lingkungan perairan karang yang berbeda di perairan sekitar Pulau Pamegaran Teluk Jakarta menggunakanmetode life form transek (line intercept transec). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulanMei sampai Juli 2005. Hasil pengamatan menunjukan bahwa genus karang yang mendominansi adalah Acropora, Porites, dan Montipora dengan bentuk pertumbuhan karang bercabang dan karang batu ataumasif.Adaptasi bentuk pertumbuhan karang yang dominan pada daerah tertutup (leeward) yaitu bercabang dan genus dominan Acropora. Pada daerah terbuka (windward) bentuk pertumbuhan karang yang dominan yaitu karang batu dari genus Porites. Kondisi substrat di sekitar perairan terbuka di bagian utara Pulau Pamegaran terdiri atas pasir (medium sand) dan di perairan tertutup bagian timur kerikil (pebble) dan pecahan karang mati (rubble). Marine envinronment can make the bend of coral shape were different in the certain areas. Line intercept transec was used to study live coral cover in the waters around of Pamegaran Island, Jakarta Bay. The research was done inMay until July 2005. The results showed that Acropora, Porites, and Montipora were dominat with the bend of coral shape branching and massive. Adaptation of the bend of coral shape in leeward was branching with the dominat genera Acropora.Meanwhile, in the windward area the dominat genera was Porites with bend of coral shape massive. Substrat condition in leeward ares at Pamegaran Island wre dominated by medium sand and the winward areas were dominated by pebble and rubble

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Analysis on the Live Coral Cover around Weizhou Island Using MODIS Data

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19194309 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (19) ◽

pp. 4309

Author(s):

Rongyong Huang ◽

Huiya Zhang ◽

Kefu Yu

Keyword(s):

Coral Reefs ◽

Human Activities ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Empirical Relationship ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Global Changes ◽

Live Coral ◽

Chl A ◽

Live Coral Cover ◽

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Coral reefs are important as they can help to maintain ecological balance, biological resources, and species diversity on earth. However, they are globally threatened by human activities and climate change. As live coral cover (LCC) is regarded as an important measure of the health of coral reefs, analysis on LCC change associated with environmental parameters, such as chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), sea surface temperature (SST), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), is of great value. Research on this front would help us comprehend the changes in coral reefs induced by human activities and global changes. Instead of using spasmodically in-field-measured environmental parameters, in this study, we chose to combine the successive Chl-a, SST, and PAR products of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) with historic LCC records to establish an empirical relationship using nonlinear optimization. Thereafter, the established relationship was further used to discuss some possible developments of LCCs. According to the experiments, we concluded that the degradation of the LCC around Weizhou Island may be mainly caused by human-activity-caused eutrophication. Besides, we also showed that even if the Chl-a and the PAR can keep constant with current average levels, the corals around Weizhou Island may still be in a risk of disappearing between 2120–2140 as the SST continues to rise.

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