Cyber-Physical Geographical Information Service-Enabled Control of Diverse In-Situ Sensors

<p>Forests with a high density and basal area of living trees are known for their function as natural and cost-efficient protection against rockfall. The role of deadwood, however, is less understood. We address this knowledge gap in this contribution as we present the results of repeated real-scale experiments in a) a montane beech-spruce forest with and without deadwood and b) in a subalpine scrub mountain pine-spruce forest with deadwood. We used artificial rocks with either an equant or platy shape, masses between 45 kg and 800 kg (&#8776; 0.3 m3), and equipped with in-situ sensors to gain insights into rotational velocities and impact-accelerations. Clusters of deadwood and erected root plates reduced the mean runout distance at both study sites. For site a), we found that more rocks were stopped behind lying than living trees and that the stopping effect of deadwood was greater for equant compared to platy rock shapes. Site b) revealed a braking effect of scrub mountain pines for relatively small (45 kg), but also a visible reduction in rotational velocities for the 800 kg rocks sensor stream. We conclude that deadwood must be taken into account in rockfall modeling and the management of rockfall protection forests.</p>

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Distributed Modal Voltages of Nonlinear Paraboloidal Shells With Distributed Neurons

Journal of Vibration and Acoustics ◽

10.1115/1.1640359 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 126 (1) ◽

pp. 47-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

H. S. Tzou ◽

J. H. Ding

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Responses ◽

Dynamic State ◽

Structural Components ◽

Shells Of Revolution ◽

Membrane Component ◽

Fully Integrated ◽

In Situ Sensors ◽

Membrane Components ◽

Paraboloidal Shell

Effective health monitoring and distributed control of advanced structures depends on accurate measurements of dynamic responses of elastic structures. Conventional sensors used for structural measurement are usually add-on “discrete” devices. Lightweight distributed thin-film piezoelectric neurons fully integrated (laminated or embedded) with structural components can serve as in-situ sensors monitoring structure’s dynamic state and health status. This study is to investigate modal voltages and detailed signal contributions of linear or nonlinear paraboloidal shells of revolution laminated with piezoelectric neurons. Signal generation of distributed neuron sensors laminated on paraboloidal shells is defined first, based on the open-voltage assumption and Maxwell’s principle. The neuron signal of a linear paraboloidal shell is composed of a linear membrane component and a linear bending component; the signal of a nonlinear paraboloidal shell is composed of nonlinear and linear membrane components and a linear bending component due to the von Karman geometric nonlinearity. Signal components and distributed modal voltages of linear and nonlinear paraboloidal shells with various curvatures and thickness are investigated.

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Development of In-Situ Sensors for CO2 to Fuel Process

University of the Future: Re-Imagining Research and Higher Education ◽

10.29117/quarfe.2020.0076 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Houkan ◽

Omar Shehata ◽

Karthik Kannan ◽

John-John Cabibihan ◽

Aboubakr M. Abdullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Sensor ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Conversion Process ◽

Conversion Yield ◽

In Situ Sensors

Conversion of CO2 into fuel is an interesting and promising field. However, the conversion yield is hard to measure during the conversion process. Here, we have developed two techniques to measure the amount of CO2 while the reaction is taking place. First method is colorimetry, where a chemical is added to the solution, and it changes color depending on the resulting product. The second method is the atomization of the resulting solution. Thereafter, the results were measured by a gas sensor. The prepared sensors are cost effective and portable to use.

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ROAD TEMPERATURE MODELLING WITHOUT IN-SITU SENSORS

The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering ◽

10.3846/bjrbe.2017.30 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 241-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karol Opara ◽

Jan Zieliński

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Initial Conditions ◽

Forecast Error ◽

Weather Data ◽

Forecast Errors ◽

The Road ◽

In Situ Sensors ◽

Pavement Temperature

Modelling of the pavement temperature facilitates winter road maintenance. It is used for predicting the glaze formation and for scheduling the spraying of the de-icing brine. The road weather is commonly forecasted by solving the energy balance equations. It requires setting the initial vertical profile of the pavement temperature, which is often obtained from the Road Weather Information Stations. The paper proposes the use of average air temperature from seven preceding days as a pseudo-observation of the subsurface temperature. Next, the road weather model is run with a few days offset. It first uses the recent, historical weather data and then the available forecasts. This approach exploits the fact that the energy balance models tend to “forget” their initial conditions and converge to the baseline solution. The experimental verification was conducted using the Model of the Environment and Temperature of Roads and the data from a road weather station in Warsaw over a period of two years. The additional forecast error introduced by the proposed pseudo-observational initialization averages 1.2 °C in the first prediction hour and then decreases in time. The paper also discusses the use of Digital Surface Models to take into account the shading effects, which are an essential source of forecast errors in urban areas. Limiting the use of in-situ sensors opens a perspective for an economical, largescale implementation of road meteorological models.

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Copernicus: the European Earth Observation programme

Revista de Teledetección ◽

10.4995/raet.2020.14346 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

S. Jutz ◽

M.P. Milagro-Pérez

Keyword(s):

Numerical Models ◽

Earth Observation ◽

Environmental Data ◽

Observation Data ◽

The European Union ◽

Global Environmental ◽

In Situ Sensors ◽

Earth Observation Data ◽

Observation Programme

<span>The European Union-led Copernicus programme, born with the aim of developing space-based global environmental monitoring services to ensure a European autonomous capacity for Earth Observation, comprises a Space Component, Core Services, and In-situ measurements. The Space Component, coordinated by ESA, has seven Sentinel satellites in orbit, with further missions planned, and is complemented by contributing missions, in-situ sensors and numerical models, and delivers many terabytes of accurate climate and environmental data, free and open, every day to hundreds of thousands of users. This makes Copernicus the biggest provider of Earth Observation data in the world.</span>

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Impact of Argo Observation on the Regional Ocean Reanalysis of China Coastal Waters and Adjacent Seas: A Twin-Experiment Study

Advances in Meteorology ◽

10.1155/2015/793825 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Caixia Shao ◽

Lili Xuan ◽

Yingzhi Cao ◽

Xiaojian Cui ◽

Siyu Gao

Keyword(s):

Coastal Waters ◽

Unique Feature ◽

Information Service ◽

Deep Ocean ◽

Ocean Reanalysis ◽

Rms Error ◽

Regional Reanalysis ◽

Argo Profiles ◽

The Impact

A regional ocean reanalysis system of China coastal waters and adjacent seas, called CORA (China ocean reanalysis), has been recently developed at the National Marine Data and Information Service (NMDIS). In this study, based on CORA, the impact of Argo profiles on the regional reanalysis is evaluated using a twin-experiment approach. It is found that, by assimilating Argo observations, the reanalysis quality is much improved: the root mean square (RMS) error of temperature and salinity can be further reduced by about 10% and the RMS error of current can be further reduced by 18%, compared to the case only assimilating conventional in situ temperature and salinity observations. Consistent with the unique feature of Argo observations, the temperature is improved in all levels and the largest improvement of salinity happens in the deep ocean. Argo profile data have a significant impact on the regional ocean reanalysis through improvements of both hydrographic and dynamic fields.

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Topside signature of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.5194/angeo-32-959-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (8) ◽

pp. 959-965 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

E. S. Miller ◽

H. Kil ◽

J. J. Makela ◽

R. A. Heelis ◽

E. R. Talaat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electric Fields ◽

Dissociative Recombination ◽

Middle Latitude ◽

Topside Ionosphere ◽

Ionospheric Disturbances ◽

Medium Scale ◽

Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances ◽

Periodic Groups ◽

In Situ Sensors

Abstract. Plasma blobs, localized plasma density enhancements that occur singularly or in periodic groups, have been observed by in situ sensors in the lower- and middle-latitude nighttime ionosphere. Traditionally, creation of blobs has been thought to be connected to equatorial plasma bubbles, which are localized plasma depletions. Here, we report the association of blobs with medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs). On 17 January 2010, an all-sky imager on the Caribbean island of Bonaire (geographic: 12.190° N, 68.244° W; geomagnetic 22.46° N, 7.099° E) observed a nighttime electrified MSTID propagating to the southwest. At the time of the MSTID's transit, the Coupled Ion-Neutral Dynamics Investigation instrument onboard the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellite detected a group of blobs along the same geomagnetic flux tubes. The electron density variations measured at the satellite altitude, indicating the blobs, are anticorrelated with the intensity variations of the 630.0 nm dissociative recombination emission measured on the same magnetic field lines. This relationship is explained by a modulation of the O+ profile altitude due to electric fields generated within the MSTID. This idea is supported by in situ measurements of the vertical ion velocity. We argue that common climatology between blobs and MSTIDs reported in the literature, as well as this coincident observation, suggest that blobs may be the in situ signature of MSTIDs in the topside ionosphere.

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