scholarly journals Sensors Driven AI-Based Agriculture Recommendation Model for Assessing Land Suitability

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durai Raj Vincent ◽  
N Deepa ◽  
Dhivya Elavarasan ◽  
Kathiravan Srinivasan ◽  
Sajjad Hussain Chauhdary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
World Population ◽  
Agriculture Land ◽  
Suitability Assessment ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Sensor Devices

The world population is expected to grow by another two billion in 2050, according to the survey taken by the Food and Agriculture Organization, while the arable area is likely to grow only by 5%. Therefore, smart and efficient farming techniques are necessary to improve agriculture productivity. Agriculture land suitability assessment is one of the essential tools for agriculture development. Several new technologies and innovations are being implemented in agriculture as an alternative to collect and process farm information. The rapid development of wireless sensor networks has triggered the design of low-cost and small sensor devices with the Internet of Things (IoT) empowered as a feasible tool for automating and decision-making in the domain of agriculture. This research proposes an expert system by integrating sensor networks with Artificial Intelligence systems such as neural networks and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) for the assessment of agriculture land suitability. This proposed system will help the farmers to assess the agriculture land for cultivation in terms of four decision classes, namely more suitable, suitable, moderately suitable, and unsuitable. This assessment is determined based on the input collected from the various sensor devices, which are used for training the system. The results obtained using MLP with four hidden layers is found to be effective for the multiclass classification system when compared to the other existing model. This trained model will be used for evaluating future assessments and classifying the land after every cultivation.

Use of Low Cost, Low Fidelity Mockups for Preproduction Testing

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 589-591
Author(s):  
Carole A. Bohn
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Test And Evaluation ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Display Technology ◽  
And Control

The new technologies proposed and/or retrofitted into Navy crewstations have demonstrated increasing sophistication and flexibility. Additionally, the crewstation technologies have shown very rapid development cycles. The current approach of reliance solely on flight testing has proven inadequate because of the multitude of equipment operating modes, lack of experimental control of situational variables, possible location/placement of components, variety of operational environments, dynamic crew tasking, and control/display technology unique characteristics. Test methods and relevent criteria are lacking. A quick fix is the use of low fidelity mockups for rapid testing and methods development. Such an approach can be both effective with respect to test dollars and responsive to the dynamics of the control/display development cycle. The present paper discusses the use of the low fidelity simulation in two specific developments. The first example presents the design of formats for a universal control/display layout to be used as a replacement for conventional pushbutton technology. The second example presents testing designed to determine the amount and type of control/display required for a crewstation functional upgrade. Both examples are from the test and evaluation work being performed on Navy patrol aircraft. Finally, a laboratory will be described which is being developed to permit this approach to testing.

scholarly journals Colored 3D Path Extraction Based on Depth-RGB Sensor for Welding Robot Trajectory Generation

Automation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-265
Author(s):  
Alfonso Gómez-Espinosa ◽  
Jesús B. Rodríguez-Suárez ◽  
Enrique Cuan-Urquizo ◽  
Jesús Arturo Escobedo Cabello ◽  
Rick L. Swenson
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Butt Joint ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Robot Trajectory ◽  
Path Extraction

The necessity for intelligent welding robots that meet the demand in real industrial production, according to the objectives of Industry 4.0, has been supported owing to the rapid development of computer vision and the use of new technologies. To improve the efficiency in weld location for industrial robots, this work focuses on trajectory extraction based on color features identification on three-dimensional surfaces acquired with a depth-RGB sensor. The system is planned to be used with a low-cost Intel RealSense D435 sensor for the reconstruction of 3D models based on stereo vision and the built-in color sensor to quickly identify the objective trajectory, since the parts to be welded are previously marked with different colors, indicating the locations of the welding trajectories to be followed. This work focuses on 3D color segmentation with which the points of the target trajectory are segmented by color thresholds in HSV color space and a spline cubic interpolation algorithm is implemented to obtain a smooth trajectory. Experimental results have shown that the RMSE error for V-type butt joint path extraction was under 1.1 mm and below 0.6 mm for a straight butt joint; in addition, the system seems to be suitable for welding beads of various shapes.

scholarly journals Old knowledge and new technologies allow rapid development of model organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 882-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Cook ◽  
Janet Chenevert ◽  
Tomas A. Larsson ◽  
Detlev Arendt ◽  
Evelyn Houliston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms

Until recently the set of “model” species used commonly for cell biology was limited to a small number of well-understood organisms, and developing a new model was prohibitively expensive or time-consuming. With the current rapid advances in technology, in particular low-cost high-throughput sequencing, it is now possible to develop molecular resources fairly rapidly. Wider sampling of biological diversity can only accelerate progress in addressing cellular mechanisms and shed light on how they are adapted to varied physiological contexts. Here we illustrate how historical knowledge and new technologies can reveal the potential of nonconventional organisms, and we suggest guidelines for selecting new experimental models. We also present examples of nonstandard marine metazoan model species that have made important contributions to our understanding of biological processes.

scholarly journals Novel Absolute Rotary Position Sensor Based on Combination of Gray Scale Pattern Disc

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Myong Choe ◽  
Nam Chol Yu ◽  
Nam Jin Ri ◽  
Mu Song An ◽  
Un Chol Kim
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Gray Code ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Position Sensor ◽  
Gray Scale ◽  
Measurement And Control

Abstract Absolute rotary angular /position sensors play an important role in various applications and rapid development of new technologies requires further accurate measurement and control. In this paper, a novel, very simple, low-cost and high accurate absolute rotary angular/ position sensor is presented. The sensor operation is based on the combination of circular gradient gray scale and gray code pattern. A simple experiment is done in order to demonstrate proof of concept of proposed sensor. The experimental results show that the proposed absolute rotary angular/position sensor has excellent linear characteristics with accuracy below ±1° and resolution of 0.1° within the full measurement range from 0° to 360°. The proposed idea and experimental results can be helpful to design absolute rotary angular/position sensor to improve performance of it.

scholarly journals Valorization Technologies of Marine By-Products

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar Kaanane ◽  
Hind Mkadem
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
World Population ◽  
World Food ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
World Food Security ◽  
Improve Food Security ◽  
By Products

Generally, in different countries, strategies to improve food security have focused on increasing food production, which contributes to climate pollution and increases stress on scarce natural resources such as water and land. Due to the increase of world population (estimated to be 9 milliards in 2050), to the limited biological resources and to the increase of environmental pollution, there is a need in innovation in food industry. This can be done by improving food quality through new technologies for valorization of food and food by-products. According to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), one third of world food production is lost or wasted along the food supply chain. In the sector of fisheries and aquaculture, 35% of the world’s harvest is lost or wasted each year. Thus, the valorization of marine by-products should be an obligation to assure the world food security and to satisfy the growing demand for fishery products. The objectives of this study are: First to review the sources of by-products and their characteristics and second to describe and evaluate the different technologies that are or can be used to valorize marine by-products in production of marine oils and concentrated fatty acids.

scholarly journals DNA and RNA Vaccines: Current Status, Quality Requirements and Specific Aspects of Preclinical Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Goryaev ◽  
M. V. Savkina ◽  
Yu. I. Obukhov ◽  
V. A. Merkulov ◽  
Yu. V. Olefir
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Dna And Rna

This review focuses on DNA and RNA vaccines whose potential use was first considered at the end of the 20th century. However, not a single bacterial plasmid-based or mRNA vaccine has been used since that time in public healthcare for the prevention of infectious diseases. Nevertheless, vaccines containing recombinant nucleic acids as the active ingredient still attract interest due to the possibility of rapid development, low-cost production, safety of the technology and the potential to activate cellular and humoral immunity. Recent technological advances have largely overcome the problems of low immunogenicity, instability, and difficulties with the delivery of DNA and RNA vaccines in humans. The aim of this review was to present the main strategies of development of DNA and RNA vaccines designed to prevent infectious diseases, and to summarise requirements for the quality control and preclinical studies. The article examines the general principles of creation of plasmid vectors encoding protective antigens. It describes new technologies used in the creation of DNA vaccines with plasmids encoding an attenuated virus genome (iDNA and PPLAV), and RNA vaccines based on mRNA and self-amplifying RNAs. The article presents current regulatory requirements for the choice of quality parameters to be tested and the general principles of preclinical studies of DNA and RNA vaccines.

The Synergy between CRISPR and Chemical Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-171
Author(s):  
Cia-Hin Lau ◽  
Chung Tin
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Genetic Circuits ◽  
Viral Packaging ◽  
Conditional Control ◽  
Logic Operations

Gene therapy and transgenic research have advanced quickly in recent years due to the development of CRISPR technology. The rapid development of CRISPR technology has been largely benefited by chemical engineering. Firstly, chemical or synthetic substance enables spatiotemporal and conditional control of Cas9 or dCas9 activities. It prevents the leaky expression of CRISPR components, as well as minimizes toxicity and off-target effects. Multi-input logic operations and complex genetic circuits can also be implemented via multiplexed and orthogonal regulation of target genes. Secondly, rational chemical modifications to the sgRNA enhance gene editing efficiency and specificity by improving sgRNA stability and binding affinity to on-target genomic loci, and hence reducing off-target mismatches and systemic immunogenicity. Chemically-modified Cas9 mRNA is also more active and less immunogenic than the native mRNA. Thirdly, nonviral vehicles can circumvent the challenges associated with viral packaging and production through the delivery of Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoprotein complex or large Cas9 expression plasmids. Multi-functional nanovectors enhance genome editing in vivo by overcoming multiple physiological barriers, enabling ligand-targeted cellular uptake, and blood-brain barrier crossing. Chemical engineering can also facilitate viral-based delivery by improving vector internalization, allowing tissue-specific transgene expression, and preventing inactivation of the viral vectors in vivo. This review aims to discuss how chemical engineering has helped improve existing CRISPR applications and enable new technologies for biomedical research. The usefulness, advantages, and molecular action for each chemical engineering approach are also highlighted.

scholarly journals IoT Platform for Energy Sustainability in University Campuses

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Pedro Moura ◽  
José Ignacio Moreno ◽  
Gregorio López López ◽  
Manuel Alvarez-Campana
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Iot Platform

University campuses are normally constituted of large buildings responsible for high energy demand, and are also important as demonstration sites for new technologies and systems. This paper presents the results of achieving energy sustainability in a testbed composed of a set of four buildings that constitute the Telecommunications Engineering School of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. In the paper, after characterizing the consumption of university buildings for a complete year, different options to achieve more sustainable use of energy are presented, considering the integration of renewable generation sources, namely photovoltaic generation, and monitoring and controlling electricity demand. To ensure the implementation of the desired monitoring and control, an internet of things (IoT) platform based on wireless sensor network (WSN) infrastructure was designed and installed. Such a platform supports a smart system to control the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) and lighting systems in buildings. Furthermore, the paper presents the developed IoT-based platform, as well as the implemented services. As a result, the paper illustrates how providing old existing buildings with the appropriate technology can contribute to the objective of transforming such buildings into nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB) at a low cost.

scholarly journals A Multi-Loop Vehicle-Counting Method under Gray Mode and RGB Mode

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6831
Author(s):  
Yue Chen ◽  
Jian Lu
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Available Information

With the rapid development of road traffic, real-time vehicle counting is very important in the construction of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). Compared with traditional technologies, the video-based method for vehicle counting shows great importance and huge advantages in its low cost, high efficiency, and flexibility. However, many methods find difficulty in balancing the accuracy and complexity of the algorithm. For example, compared with traditional and simple methods, deep learning methods may achieve higher precision, but they also greatly increase the complexity of the algorithm. In addition to that, most of the methods only work under one mode of color, which is a waste of available information. Considering the above, a multi-loop vehicle-counting method under gray mode and RGB mode was proposed in this paper. Under gray and RGB modes, the moving vehicle can be detected more completely; with the help of multiple loops, vehicle counting could better deal with different influencing factors, such as driving behavior, traffic environment, shooting angle, etc. The experimental results show that the proposed method is able to count vehicles with more than 98.5% accuracy while dealing with different road scenes.

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