scholarly journals Colored 3D Path Extraction Based on Depth-RGB Sensor for Welding Robot Trajectory Generation

Automation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-265
Author(s):  
Alfonso Gómez-Espinosa ◽  
Jesús B. Rodríguez-Suárez ◽  
Enrique Cuan-Urquizo ◽  
Jesús Arturo Escobedo Cabello ◽  
Rick L. Swenson
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Butt Joint ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Robot Trajectory ◽  
Path Extraction

The necessity for intelligent welding robots that meet the demand in real industrial production, according to the objectives of Industry 4.0, has been supported owing to the rapid development of computer vision and the use of new technologies. To improve the efficiency in weld location for industrial robots, this work focuses on trajectory extraction based on color features identification on three-dimensional surfaces acquired with a depth-RGB sensor. The system is planned to be used with a low-cost Intel RealSense D435 sensor for the reconstruction of 3D models based on stereo vision and the built-in color sensor to quickly identify the objective trajectory, since the parts to be welded are previously marked with different colors, indicating the locations of the welding trajectories to be followed. This work focuses on 3D color segmentation with which the points of the target trajectory are segmented by color thresholds in HSV color space and a spline cubic interpolation algorithm is implemented to obtain a smooth trajectory. Experimental results have shown that the RMSE error for V-type butt joint path extraction was under 1.1 mm and below 0.6 mm for a straight butt joint; in addition, the system seems to be suitable for welding beads of various shapes.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Digital Models of Objects of Cultural Heritage Obtained by the “3D SLS” and “SfM” Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5321
Author(s):  
Marcin Barszcz ◽  
Jerzy Montusiewicz ◽  
Magdalena Paśnikowska-Łukaszuk ◽  
Anna Sałamacha
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
3D Digitisation

In the era of the global pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus, 3D digitisation of selected museum artefacts is becoming more and more frequent practice, but the vast majority is performed by specialised teams. The paper presents the results of comparative studies of 3D digital models of the same museum artefacts from the Silk Road area generated by two completely different technologies: Structure from Motion (SfM)—a method belonging to the so-called low-cost technologies—and by Structured-light 3D Scanning (3D SLS). Moreover, procedural differences in data acquisition and their processing to generate three-dimensional models are presented. Models built using a point cloud were created from data collected in the Afrasiyab museum in Samarkand (Uzbekistan) during “The 1st Scientific Expedition of the Lublin University of Technology to Central Asia” in 2017. Photos for creating 3D models in SfM technology were taken during a virtual expedition carried out under the “3D Digital Silk Road” program in 2021. The obtained results show that the quality of the 3D models generated with SfM differs from the models from the technology (3D SLS), but they may be placed in the galleries of the vitrual museum. The obtained models from SfM do not have information about their size, which means that they are not fully suitable for archiving purposes of cultural heritage, unlike the models from SLS.

scholarly journals Virtual Archaeology of Death and Burial: A Procedure for Integrating 3D Visualization and Analysis in Archaeothanatology

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 540-555
Author(s):  
Hayley L. Mickleburgh ◽  
Liv Nilsson Stutz ◽  
Harry Fokkens
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Archaeology Of Death ◽  
Human Burials ◽  
3D Information

Abstract The reconstruction of past mortuary rituals and practices increasingly incorporates analysis of the taphonomic history of the grave and buried body, using the framework provided by archaeothanatology. Archaeothanatological analysis relies on interpretation of the three-dimensional (3D) relationship of bones within the grave and traditionally depends on elaborate written descriptions and two-dimensional (2D) images of the remains during excavation to capture this spatial information. With the rapid development of inexpensive 3D tools, digital replicas (3D models) are now commonly available to preserve 3D information on human burials during excavation. A procedure developed using a test case to enhance archaeothanatological analysis and improve post-excavation analysis of human burials is described. Beyond preservation of static spatial information, 3D visualization techniques can be used in archaeothanatology to reconstruct the spatial displacement of bones over time, from deposition of the body to excavation of the skeletonized remains. The purpose of the procedure is to produce 3D simulations to visualize and test archaeothanatological hypotheses, thereby augmenting traditional archaeothanatological analysis. We illustrate our approach with the reconstruction of mortuary practices and burial taphonomy of a Bell Beaker burial from the site of Oostwoud-Tuithoorn, West-Frisia, the Netherlands. This case study was selected as the test case because of its relatively complete context information. The test case shows the potential for application of the procedure to older 2D field documentation, even when the amount and detail of documentation is less than ideal.

Digital Tools Aimed to Represent Urban Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1181-1195
Author(s):  
Cristina Boido ◽  
Pia Davico ◽  
Roberta Spallone
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Real Data ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Urban Modeling ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Web Resources ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
The Sixties

Since the affirmation, in the Sixties, of urban survey as a discipline in the field of drawing disciplines, it aimed to represent on a plan a set of three-dimensional data. Digital revolution allows representing urban tissues by 3D models that can collect a lot of information related to the buildings, becoming real data base. Today, these models fulfill the need for update representations of urban settings, aimed both to critical studies on historical city and to manage the ongoing transformations. Moreover, these representations could become the urban scenarios for simulations and checks of master plans and architectural designs in their relationships with the built environment. Several new tools of urban procedural modeling, BIM modeling and web resources allow generating urban 3D models. The authors of this proposal will compare the knowledge and informative capabilities of different new technologies for urban modeling, through an overview of international researches, case studies, and also some experiences personally conducted.

Use of Low Cost, Low Fidelity Mockups for Preproduction Testing

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 589-591
Author(s):  
Carole A. Bohn
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Test And Evaluation ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Display Technology ◽  
And Control

The new technologies proposed and/or retrofitted into Navy crewstations have demonstrated increasing sophistication and flexibility. Additionally, the crewstation technologies have shown very rapid development cycles. The current approach of reliance solely on flight testing has proven inadequate because of the multitude of equipment operating modes, lack of experimental control of situational variables, possible location/placement of components, variety of operational environments, dynamic crew tasking, and control/display technology unique characteristics. Test methods and relevent criteria are lacking. A quick fix is the use of low fidelity mockups for rapid testing and methods development. Such an approach can be both effective with respect to test dollars and responsive to the dynamics of the control/display development cycle. The present paper discusses the use of the low fidelity simulation in two specific developments. The first example presents the design of formats for a universal control/display layout to be used as a replacement for conventional pushbutton technology. The second example presents testing designed to determine the amount and type of control/display required for a crewstation functional upgrade. Both examples are from the test and evaluation work being performed on Navy patrol aircraft. Finally, a laboratory will be described which is being developed to permit this approach to testing.

Analysis of Three-Dimensional Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Shoulder and Neck Inflammation and Surrounding Tissue Lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1028-1036
Author(s):  
Ziqiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Time Operation

Ultrasound imaging technology can not only show neck tear the degree and extent of disease, to help make the correct diagnosis, can also be used to assess shoulder neck inflammation after surgery to repair a shoulder muscle neck tissue integrity and healing. Ultrasound imaging with high-resolution, real-time operation, low cost, etc. gradually become shoulder neck inflammatory disease preferred imaging modality. The sensitivity and specificity for three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of shoulder neck inflammation were 78% and 93% in this study. The full-thickness inflammation sensitivity and specificity were 50% and 95%. The sensitivity and specificity of inflammation were 57% and 87%, respectively. This study shows that the diagnostic accuracy of 3D ultrasound imaging in shoulder and neck inflammation and surrounding tissue lesions is close to that of MRI. Three-dimensional appearance of new technologies such as ultrasound imaging will further improve ultrasound imaging techniques in shoulder neck inflammation application in the diagnosis and treatment assessment.

Conceptual Three-Dimensional Modeling Using Intuitive Gesture-Based Midair Three-Dimensional Sketching Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinmiao Huang ◽  
Rahul Rai
Keyword(s):  
User Study ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Interaction Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Novice Users ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
3D Shapes

We introduce an intuitive gesture-based interaction technique for creating and manipulating simple three-dimensional (3D) shapes. Specifically, the developed interface utilizes low-cost depth camera to capture user's hand gesture as the input, maps different gestures to system commands and generates 3D models from midair 3D sketches (as opposed to traditional two-dimensional (2D) sketches). Our primary contribution is in the development of an intuitive gesture-based interface that enables novice users to rapidly construct conceptual 3D models. Our development extends current works by proposing both design and technical solutions to the challenges of the gestural modeling interface for conceptual 3D shapes. The preliminary user study results suggest that the developed framework is intuitive to use and able to create a variety of 3D conceptual models.

scholarly journals Modelling and Visualization of Three Dimensional Objects Using Inexpensive Digital Cameras

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Elkhrachy
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Bundle Adjustment ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Spatial Positioning ◽  
And Control

This paper analyses and evaluate the precision and the accuracy the capability of low-cost terrestrial photogrammetry by using many digital cameras to construct a 3D model of an object. To obtain the goal, a building façade has imaged by two inexpensive digital cameras such as Canon and Pentax camera. Bundle adjustment and image processing calculated by using Agisoft PhotScan software. Several factors will be included during this study, different cameras, and control points. Many photogrammetric point clouds will be generated. Their accuracy will be compared with some natural control points which collected by the laser total station of the same building. The cloud to cloud distance will be computed for different comparison 3D models to investigate different variables. The practical field experiment showed a spatial positioning reported by the investigated technique was between 2-4cm in the 3D coordinates of a façade. This accuracy is optimistic since the captured images were processed without any control points.

scholarly journals Emergency response teams training in public health crisis: The seriousness of serious games

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 255-259
Author(s):  
Vojislav Stanojevic ◽  
Cedomirka Stanojevic
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Medical Education And Training

Introduction. The rapid development of multimedia technologies in the last twenty years has lead to the emergence of new ways of learning academic and professional skills, which implies the application of multimedia technology in the form of a software -?serious computer games?. Three-Dimensional Virtual Worlds. The basis of this game-platform is made of the platform of three-dimensional virtual worlds that can be described as communication systems in which participants share the same three-dimensional virtual space within which they can move, manipulate objects and communicate through their graphical representativesavatars. Medical Education and Training. Arguments in favor of these computer tools in the learning process are accessibility, repeatability, low cost, the use of attractive graphics and a high degree of adaptation to the user. Specifically designed avatars allow students to get adapted to their roles in certain situations, especially to those which are considered rare, dangerous or unethical in real life. Discussion. Drilling of major incidents, which includes the need to create environments for training, cannot be done in the real world due to high costs and necessity to utilize the extensive resources. In addition, it is impossible to engage all the necessary health personnel at the same time. New technologies intended for conducting training, which are also called ?virtual worlds?, make the following possible: training at all times depending on user?s commitments; simultaneous simulations on multiple levels, in several areas, in different circumstances, including dozens of unique victims; repeated scenarios and learning from mistakes; rapid feedback and the development of non-technical skills which are critical for reducing errors in dynamic, high-risk environments. Conclusion. Virtual worlds, which should be the subject of further research and improvements, in the field of hospital emergency response training for mass casualty incidents, certainly have a promising future.

scholarly journals The use of extruded finite-element models as a novel alternative to tomography-based models: a case study using early mammal jaws

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (161) ◽  
pp. 20190674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Melisa Morales-García ◽  
Thomas D. Burgess ◽  
Jennifer J. Hill ◽  
Pamela G. Gill ◽  
Emily J. Rayfield
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Performance Results

Finite-element (FE) analysis has been used in palaeobiology to assess the mechanical performance of the jaw. It uses two types of models: tomography-based three-dimensional (3D) models (very accurate, not always accessible) and two-dimensional (2D) models (quick and easy to build, good for broad-scale studies, cannot obtain absolute stress and strain values). Here, we introduce extruded FE models, which provide fairly accurate mechanical performance results, while remaining low-cost, quick and easy to build. These are simplified 3D models built from lateral outlines of a relatively flat jaw and extruded to its average width. There are two types: extruded (flat mediolaterally) and enhanced extruded (accounts for width differences in the ascending ramus). Here, we compare mechanical performance values resulting from four types of FE models (i.e. tomography-based 3D, extruded, enhanced extruded and 2D) in Morganucodon and Kuehneotherium . In terms of absolute values, both types of extruded model perform well in comparison to the tomography-based 3D models, but enhanced extruded models perform better. In terms of overall patterns, all models produce similar results. Extruded FE models constitute a viable alternative to the use of tomography-based 3D models, particularly in relatively flat bones.

scholarly journals A Self-Assembly Portable Mobile Mapping System for Archeological Reconstruction Based on VSLAM-Photogrammetric Algorithm

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (18) ◽  
pp. 3952 ◽  
Author(s):  
* ◽  
*
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Data Capture ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Three Dimensional (3D) models are widely used in clinical applications, geosciences, cultural heritage preservation, and engineering; this, together with new emerging needs such as building information modeling (BIM) develop new data capture techniques and devices with a low cost and reduced learning curve that allow for non-specialized users to employ it. This paper presents a simple, self-assembly device for 3D point clouds data capture with an estimated base price under €2500; furthermore, a workflow for the calculations is described that includes a Visual SLAM-photogrammetric threaded algorithm that has been implemented in C++. Another purpose of this work is to validate the proposed system in BIM working environments. To achieve it, in outdoor tests, several 3D point clouds were obtained and the coordinates of 40 points were obtained by means of this device, with data capture distances ranging between 5 to 20 m. Subsequently, those were compared to the coordinates of the same targets measured by a total station. The Euclidean average distance errors and root mean square errors (RMSEs) ranging between 12–46 mm and 8–33 mm respectively, depending on the data capture distance (5–20 m). Furthermore, the proposed system was compared with a commonly used photogrammetric methodology based on Agisoft Metashape software. The results obtained demonstrate that the proposed system satisfies (in each case) the tolerances of ‘level 1’ (51 mm) and ‘level 2’ (13 mm) for point cloud acquisition in urban design and historic documentation, according to the BIM Guide for 3D Imaging (U.S. General Services).

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