scholarly journals Application of a Fluorescent Probe for the Online Measurement of PM-Bound Reactive Oxygen Species in Chamber and Ambient Studies

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 4564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reece Brown ◽  
Svetlana Stevanovic ◽  
Zachary Brown ◽  
Mingfu Cai ◽  
Shengzhen Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Chamber Study ◽  
Phase Corrections ◽  
Flow Through

This manuscript details the application of a profluorescent nitroxide (PFN) for the online quantification of radical concentrations on particulate matter (PM) using an improved Particle Into Nitroxide Quencher (PINQ). A miniature flow-through fluorimeter developed specifically for use with the 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene-nitroxide (BPEAnit) probe was integrated into the PINQ, along with automated gas phase corrections through periodic high efficiency particle arrestor (HEPA) filtering. The resulting instrument is capable of unattended sampling and was operated with a minimum time resolution of 2.5 min. Details of the fluorimeter design and examples of data processing are provided, and results from a chamber study of side-stream cigarette smoke and ambient monitoring campaign in Guangzhou, China are presented. Primary cigarette smoke was shown to have both short-lived (t1/2 = 27 min) and long-lived (t1/2 = indefinite) PM-bound reactive oxygen species (ROS) components which had previously only been observed in secondary organic aerosol (SOA).

scholarly journals Predominance of Secondary Organic Aerosol to Particle-bound Reactive Oxygen Species Activity in Fine Ambient Aerosol

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Miriam Elser ◽  
Ru-Jin Huang ◽  
Manuel Krapf ◽  
Roman Fröhlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Concentration Variance

Abstract. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to contribute to the adverse health effects of aerosols. This may happen by inhaled particle-bound (exogenic) ROS (PB-ROS) or by ROS formed within the respiratory tract by certain aerosol components (endogenic ROS). We investigated the chemical composition of aerosols and their exogenic ROS content at the two contrasting locations Beijing (China) and Bern (Switzerland). We apportioned the ambient organic aerosol to different sources and attributed the observed PB-ROS to them. The oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA, a proxy for secondary organic aerosol, SOA) explained the highest fraction of the exogenic ROS concentration variance at both locations. We also characterized primary and secondary aerosol emissions generated from different biogenic and anthropogenic sources in smog chamber experiments. The exogenic PB-ROS content in the OOA from these emission sources was comparable to that in the ambient measurements. Our results imply that SOA from gaseous precursors of different anthropogenic emission sources is a crucial source of PB-ROS and should be additionally considered in toxicological and epidemiological studies in an adequate way besides primary emissions. The importance of PB-ROS may be connected to the seasonal trends in health effects of PM reported by epidemiological studies, with elevated incidences of adverse effects in warmer seasons, which are accompanied by more intense atmospheric oxidation processes.

scholarly journals Nicotine- and Tar-Free Cigarette Smoke Induces Cell Damage Through Reactive Oxygen Species Newly Generated by PKC-Dependent Activation of NADPH Oxidase

2012 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Asano ◽  
Takahiro Horinouchi ◽  
Yosuke Mai ◽  
Osamu Sawada ◽  
Shunsuke Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species

scholarly journals Lipid-soluble components in cigarette smoke induce mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species in lung epithelial cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (1) ◽  
pp. L109-L114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco van der Toorn ◽  
Delaram Rezayat ◽  
Henk F. Kauffman ◽  
Stephan J. L. Bakker ◽  
Rijk O. B. Gans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Gaseous Phase ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Airway Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Airway Epithelial

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) present in cigarette smoke (CS) are thought to contribute to the development of COPD. Although CS-ROS can hardly enter airway epithelial cells, and certainly not the circulation, systemic levels of ROS have been found to be elevated in COPD patients. We hypothesize that lipophilic components present in CS can enter airway epithelial cells and increase intracellular ROS production by disturbing mitochondrial function. Different airway epithelial cells were exposed to CS extract (CSE), hexane-treated CSE (CSE without lipophilic components), gaseous-phase CS, and water-filtered CS (gaseous-phase CS without ROS). Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and ATP levels were assessed using the bronchial epithelial cell line Beas-2b. ROS generation measured directly by DCF fluorescence and indirectly by measuring free thiol groups (-SH) upon exposure to CS was assessed using lung alveolar epithelial cells devoid of functional mitochondria (A549-ρ0), with normal A549 cells serving as controls. In Beas-2b cells, CSE (4 h) caused a dose-dependent decrease in Δψm and ATP levels, whereas hexane-treated CSE did not. DCF fluorescence in A549 cells increased in response to CSE, whereas this was not the case in A549-ρ0 cells. Exposure of A549 cells to CS resulted in a rapid decrease in free -SH, whereas exposure to ROS-depleted CS only resulted in a delayed decrease. This delayed decrease was less pronounced in A549-ρ0 cells. Lipophilic components in CS disturb mitochondrial function, which contributes to increased intracellular generation of ROS. Our results are of importance in understanding the systemic effects of smoking observed in patients with COPD.

scholarly journals Cigarette Smoke Promotes Interleukin-8 Production in Alveolar Macrophages Through the Reactive Oxygen Species/Stromal Interaction Molecule 1/Ca2+ Axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianying Zhu ◽  
Yuan Zhan ◽  
Yiya Gu ◽  
Qian Huang ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 ◽  
Copd Patients

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), primarily attributed to cigarette smoke (CS), is characterized by multiple pathophysiological changes, including oxidative stress and inflammation. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a Ca2+ sensor that regulates Ca2+ entry in different types of cells. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between CS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as the functional role of STIM1 thereinto. Our results showed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/STIM1/Ca2+ axis played a critical role in CS-induced secretion of interleukin (IL)-8 in human alveolar macrophages. Specifically, smokers with COPD (SC) showed higher levels of ROS in the lung tissues compared with healthy non-smokers (HN). STIM1 was upregulated in the lung tissues of COPD patients. The expression of STIM1 was positively associated with ROS levels and negatively correlated with pulmonary function. The expression of STIM1 was also increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) macrophages of COPD patients and PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages stimulated by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Additionally, CSE-induced upregulation of STIM1 in PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages was inhibited by pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger. Transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting STIM1 and pretreatment with NAC alleviated CSE-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels and IL-8 expression. Furthermore, pretreatment with SKF-96365 and 2-APB, the inhibitors of Ca2+ influx, suppressed CSE-induced secretion of IL-8. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that CSE-induced ROS production may increase the expression of STIM1 in macrophages, which further promotes the release of IL-8 by regulating Ca2+ entry. These data suggest that STIM1 may play a crucial role in CSE-induced ROS production and inflammation, and participate in the pathogenesis of COPD.

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