scholarly journals Retrieval and Timing Performance of Chewing-Based Eating Event Detection in Wearable Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Oliver Amft
Keyword(s):  
Event Detection ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Timing Errors ◽  
Eating Occasions ◽  
Evaluation Metric ◽  
Insight Into

We present an eating detection algorithm for wearable sensors based on first detecting chewing cycles and subsequently estimating eating phases. We term the corresponding algorithm class as a bottom-up approach. We evaluated the algorithm using electromyographic (EMG) recordings from diet-monitoring eyeglasses in free-living and compared the bottom-up approach against two top-down algorithms. We show that the F1 score was no longer the primary relevant evaluation metric when retrieval rates exceeded approx. 90%. Instead, detection timing errors provided more important insight into detection performance. In 122 hours of free-living EMG data from 10 participants, a total of 44 eating occasions were detected, with a maximum F1 score of 99.2%. Average detection timing errors of the bottom-up algorithm were 2.4 ± 0.4 s and 4.3 ± 0.4 s for the start and end of eating occasions, respectively. Our bottom-up algorithm has the potential to work with different wearable sensors that provide chewing cycle data. We suggest that the research community report timing errors (e.g., using the metrics described in this work).

Ultrastructure of neuromuscular relationships in the canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
W. L. Steffens ◽  
Nancy B. Roberts ◽  
J. M. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Canine Heartworm ◽  
The World ◽  
Synaptic Region ◽  
Muscle Innervation ◽  
Insight Into

The canine heartworm is a common and serious nematode parasite of domestic dogs in many parts of the world. Although nematode neuroanatomy is fairly well documented, the emphasis has been on sensory anatomy and primarily in free-living soil species and ascarids. Lee and Miller reported on the muscular anatomy in the heartworm, but provided little insight into the peripheral nervous system or myoneural relationships. The classical fine-structural description of nematode muscle innervation is Rosenbluth's earlier work in Ascaris. Since the pharmacological effects of some nematacides currently being developed are neuromuscular in nature, a better understanding of heartworm myoneural anatomy, particularly in reference to the synaptic region is warranted.

scholarly journals Detecting bursty terms in computer science research

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 681-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tattershall ◽  
G. Nenadic ◽  
R. D. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Trend Detection ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Computer Science Research ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

AbstractResearch topics rise and fall in popularity over time, some more swiftly than others. The fastest rising topics are typically called bursts; for example “deep learning”, “internet of things” and “big data”. Being able to automatically detect and track bursty terms in the literature could give insight into how scientific thought evolves over time. In this paper, we take a trend detection algorithm from stock market analysis and apply it to over 30 years of computer science research abstracts, treating the prevalence of each term in the dataset like the price of a stock. Unlike previous work in this domain, we use the free text of abstracts and titles, resulting in a finer-grained analysis. We report a list of bursty terms, and then use historical data to build a classifier to predict whether they will rise or fall in popularity in the future, obtaining accuracy in the region of 80%. The proposed methodology can be applied to any time-ordered collection of text to yield past and present bursty terms and predict their probable fate.

scholarly journals Bichir external gills arise via heterochronic shift that accelerates hyoid arch development

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Stundl ◽  
Anna Pospisilova ◽  
David Jandzik ◽  
Peter Fabian ◽  
Barbora Dobiasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharyngeal Arch ◽  
Developmental Sequence ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Pharyngeal Arches ◽  
Hyoid Arch ◽  
Early Appearance ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Living Group ◽  
Early Larvae

In most vertebrates, pharyngeal arches form in a stereotypic anterior-to-posterior progression. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying evolutionary changes in pharyngeal arch development, here we investigate embryos and larvae of bichirs. Bichirs represent the earliest diverged living group of ray-finned fishes, and possess intriguing traits otherwise typical for lobe-finned fishes such as ventral paired lungs and larval external gills. In bichir embryos, we find that the anteroposterior way of formation of cranial segments is modified by the unique acceleration of the entire hyoid arch segment, with earlier and orchestrated development of the endodermal, mesodermal, and neural crest tissues. This major heterochronic shift in the anteroposterior developmental sequence enables early appearance of the external gills that represent key breathing organs of bichir free-living embryos and early larvae. Bichirs thus stay as unique models for understanding developmental mechanisms facilitating increased breathing capacity.

A Satellite-linked Tag for the Long-term Monitoring of Diving Behavior in Large Whales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Palacios ◽  
Ladd M. Irvine ◽  
Barbara A. Lagerquist ◽  
James A. Fahlbusch ◽  
John Calambokidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Detection ◽  
Satellite Telemetry ◽  
Dive Depth ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Diving Behavior ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Precision Data ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Dive Behavior ◽  
Tracking Period

Abstract Despite spending much of their time on activities underwater, the technology in use to track whales over large geographic ranges via satellite has been largely limited to locational data, with most applications focusing on characterizing their horizontal movements. We describe the development of the RDW tag, a new Argos-based satellite telemetry device that incorporates sensors for monitoring the movements and dive behavior of large whales over several months without requiring recovery. Based on an implantable design, the tag features a saltwater conductivity switch, a tri-axial accelerometer, and an optional pressure transducer, along with onboard software for data processing and detection of behavioral events or activities of interest for transmission. We configured the software to detect dives and create per-dive summaries describing behavioral events associated with feeding activities in rorqual whales. We conducted a validation by proxy of the dive summary and event detection algorithms using data from a medium-duration archival tag. The dive summary algorithm accurately reported dive depth and duration, while the accuracy of the lunge-feeding event detection algorithm was dependent on the precision of the accelerometer data that was used, with a predicted accuracy of 0.74 for correctly classifying feeding dives from 1/64-G precision data and 0.95 from 1-mG precision data. We also present data from field deployments of the tag on seven humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) and one blue whale ( Balaenoptera musculus ). The eight tags transmitted over a median tracking period of 17.5 d (range: 3.9-76.4 d) across both species. The median proportion of the tracking period summarized by received dives for the eight tags was 50.4% (range: 11.1-88.7%). The median number of received dives per day was 76.5 (range: 1-191). The results documented diel and longer-term variability in diving and feeding behavior, showing marked differences within and among individuals tracked contemporaneously. By monitoring the per-dive behavior of large whales over multi-month timescales of movement, the RDW tags provided some of the first assessments of previously unobservable behaviors across entire geographic ranges, linking local-scale behavior to broader, ecosystem-scale processes. The RDW tag extends the applications of whale satellite telemetry to new areas of physiology, ecology, and conservation.

Biodiversity of intertidal marine flatworms (Polycladida, Platyhelminthes) in southeastern Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5024 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-63
Author(s):  
JORGE RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
PAT A. HUTCHINGS ◽  
JANE E. WILLIAMSON
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
New South ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Molecular Sequencing ◽  
Insight Into

Flatworms of the Order Polycladida are a group of free-living invertebrates found in a diversity of marine habitats, with over 800 species described worldwide. Marine flatworms are a conspicuous component of Australia’s marine fauna yet have received little attention. Less than 30 scientific articles have been published on Australian marine flatworms since 1855, of which only nine include species from southeastern Australia. Here, the biodiversity and distribution of species belonging to the Order Polycladida inhabiting intertidal rocky beaches in southeastern Australian waters were identified and analysed. Sampling was conducted at low tide along the coasts of New South Wales and Victoria. Collected samples were serially sectioned for comparative anatomical studies, and tissue was removed from each individual for molecular sequencing and analyses. Both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences were obtained and used as an additional source of evidence for the description of new species as well as providing further insight into the phylogenetic relationships between them. A total of 20 species, six of which are new (e.g., Eulatocestus australis sp. nov.), and a new genus (Parabolia gen. nov.) have been described, as well as two new records for Australia (e.g., Stylochoplana clara Kato, 1937) have been identified increasing our knowledge of this important component of the Australian marine biota.  

Investigating the Success of OSS Software Projects

2015 ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Ghapanchi
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
High Failure Rate ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Insight Into

Whereas there are several instances of Open Source Software (OSS) projects that have achieved huge success in the market, a high failure rate has been reported for OSS projects. This study conducts a literature survey to gain insight into existing studies on the success of OSS projects. More specifically, this study seeks to extract the critical success factors for OSS projects. Based on the literature survey in this study, the authors found determinants of success in OSS projects and classified them into three broad categories of project traits, product traits, and network structure. These findings have important implications for both the OSS research community and OSS practitioners.

A Thorough Insight into Theoretical and Practical Developments in MultiAgent Systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-111
Author(s):  
Dimple Juneja ◽  
Aarti Singh ◽  
Rashmi Singh ◽  
Saurabh Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Multiagent Systems ◽  
Real World ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Theoretical Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Universal Applicability ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Real World Problems

Multiagent systems have been a fascination for research community and are often seen as an intelligent solution to many complex real world problems. Researchers have been active in the domain since last three decades and many developments pertaining to theoretical design and practical developments of multiagent systems are worth appreciating. The growth in MAS is multidirectional ranging from conceptual ideas to practical implementations and from the wide range of applications; it appears that multiagent systems are proving to be universal. The paper presents a concise survey of developments in MAS highlighting the important contributions in the field and also questions the universal applicability of agents.

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