scholarly journals A Novel Smart Assistance System for Blood Vessel Approaching: A Technical Report Based on Oximetry

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1891
Author(s):  
Chien-Ching Lee ◽  
Chia-Chun Chuang ◽  
Bo-Cheng Lai ◽  
Yi-Chia Huang ◽  
Jen-Yin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Catheter Placement ◽  
Assistance System ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Accurate Position ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Introducer Needle ◽  
F Measure

In clinical practice, the catheter has to be placed at an accurate position during anesthesia administration. However, effectively guiding the catheter to the accurate position in deeper tissues can be difficult for an inexperienced practitioner. We aimed to address the current issues associated with catheter placement using a novel smart assistance system for blood vessel catheter placement. We used a hollow introducer needle embedded with dual wavelength (690 and 850 nm) optical fibers to advance the tip into the subclavian vessels in anesthetized piglets. The results showed average optical density changes, and the difference between the absorption spectra and hemoglobin concentrations of different tissue components effectively identified different tissues (p < 0.05). The radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) technique was applied to distinguish tissue components (the F-measure value and accuracy were 93.02% and 94%, respectively). Finally, animal experiments were designed to validate the performance of the proposed system. Using this system based on oximetry, we easily navigated the needle tip to the target vessel. Based on the experimental results, the proposed system could effectively distinguish different tissue layers of the animals.

Guidelines for potentiometric measurements in suspensions Part B. Guidelines for practical pH measurements in soil suspensions (IUPAC Recommendations 2006)

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srecko F. Oman ◽  
M. Filomena Camões ◽  
Kipton J. Powell ◽  
Raj Rajagopalan ◽  
Petra Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Indicator Electrode ◽  
Liquid Junction ◽  
Cell Potential ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Potentiometric Measurements ◽  
Suspension Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

The measured cell potentials for suspension potentiometric cells have been interpreted and explained by a detailed analysis of the schemes for these cells ["Guidelines for potentiometric measurements in suspensions. Part A. The suspension effect (IUPAC Technical Report", Pure Appl. Chem.79, 67 (2007)]. Some former disagreements amongst investigations have been clarified. A new unambiguous operational definition of the suspension effect (SE) is presented. It is defined as the difference in cell potential for two suspension potentiometric cells, one with both electrodes in the separated equilibrium solution (eqs) and the other with both electrodes in the sediment or suspension. This potential difference is the sum of the change in the indicator electrode (IE) potential and the change in the liquid junction potential of the reference electrode (RE), when the electrodes are used for measurement, once in the sediment of the suspension and then in its eqs.

scholarly journals Influence of attenuation on the generation of optical vortices in multihelicoidal optical fibers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2103 (1) ◽  
pp. 012149
Author(s):  
C N Alexeyev ◽  
S S Alieva ◽  
E V Barshak ◽  
B P Lapin ◽  
M A Yavorsky
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fundamental Mode ◽  
Optical Vortex ◽  
Conversion Process ◽  
Exceptional Point ◽  
Optical Vortices ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Scalar Approximation ◽  
The Difference

Abstract In this paper we have studied influence of attenuation on conversion processes of the fundamental mode (FM) in multihelicoidal optical fibers (MHF) in the vicinity of the point of accidental spectrum degeneracy within the framework of the scalar approximation. To this end, we have obtained expressions for modes of the MHF, which consist of the FM and an optical vortex (OV), and shown that conversion of the FM into the OV takes place. The difference in the attenuation coefficients for the partial fields of MHF’s modes leads to deterioration in the conversion process even with an ideal system’s tuning. At sufficiently large values of attenuation coefficients the conversion of the incoming FM into the vortex vanishes. Also we have shown the presence of exceptional point (EP) in the spectra of modes of the MHF and demonstrated enhanced sensitivity of the fiber in the vicinity of the EP to perturbations.

Observations of Skin Tissue Regenerations in Biomaterial Scaffolds with Different Biodegradability

2013 ◽  
Vol 796 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Kui Hua Zhan ◽  
Liang Xie ◽  
Xin Hong Wang ◽  
Bao Qi Zuo ◽  
Lun Bai
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Dermal Tissue ◽  
Silk Fibroin Film ◽  
Biomaterial Scaffolds ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol Film

Objective: To explore the effects of the biodegradability of biomaterial scaffolds on skin tissue regeneration and its neovascularization by the animal experiments. Methods: A piece of porous silk fibroin film (SF) of easy biodegradation and a piece of porous polyvinyl alcohol film (PVA) of hard biodegradation were implanted into a same skin wound of adult rat, and the differences in the regenerative blood vessel and tissue at 5, 10, 16, 41 days after surgery were observed by histological methods. Results: (1) at 10 days after surgery, the SF started to degrade, the closed areas without cell infiltration were opened up and the entire material was filled with the regenerative tissue, and there were still the closed areas in the PVA, (2) the new vascular network remodeling in the SF and PVA appeared at 10 days and 41 days after surgery, respectively, and (3) at 16 days after surgery, most of the SF material had degraded and substantially been replaced with the regenerative tissue, and the visible degradation of the PVA appeared at 41 days after surgery. Conclusion: The good biodegradability of the SF was helpful both to all vascularization of the material and to the regenerative blood vessels remodeling, and the regenerative tissue was closer to the normal dermal tissue than in the PVA.

An Empirical Study of Boosting Methods on Severely Imbalanced Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 2510-2513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Ying Liu
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Real World ◽  
Class Imbalance ◽  
Imbalanced Data ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Under Sampling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Imbalance Learning ◽  
Class Imbalance Learning ◽  
F Measure

Nowadays there are large volumes of data in real-world applications, which poses great challenge to class-imbalance learning: the large amount of the majority class examples and severe class-imbalance. Previous studies on class-imbalance learning mainly focused on relatively small or moderate class-imbalance. In this paper we conduct an empirical study to explore the difference between learning with small or moderate class-imbalance and learning with severe class-imbalance. The experimental results show that: (1) Traditional methods cannot handle severe class-imbalance effectively. (2) AUC, G-mean and F-measure can be very inconsistent for severe class-imbalance, which seldom appears when class-imbalance is moderate. And G-mean is not appropriate for severe class-imbalance learning because it is not sensitive to the change of imbalance ratio. (3) When AUC and G-mean are evaluation metrics, EasyEnsemble is the best method, followed by BalanceCascade and under-sampling. (4) A little under-full balance is better for under-sampling to handle severe class-imbalance. And it is important to handle false positives when design methods for severe class-imbalance.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF STUDENT REFLECTION QUALITY ON A TECHNICAL WRITING ASSIGNMENT RESUBMISSION

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Yekani ◽  
Sarah Bluteau ◽  
Sidney Omelon
Keyword(s):  
Technical Writing ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Writing Quality ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Student Reflection ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Elective Course ◽  
Writing Assignment ◽  
The Difference

The role of reflection and self-regulation in academic performance was tested using the "Exam Wrapper" strategy with a writing assignment for a technical elective course. The technical writing assignment involved the creation of a detailed outline for a technical report. This outline was submitted for grading and feedback before a subsequent extended technical report assignment. The outline was graded by the course teaching assistant, following a detailed grading rubric. After receiving the grade and feedback, students could resubmit a revised outline for re-grading, and include a reflection on the circumstances of their performance. Using the grading rubric, the resubmission was graded by the course instructor. A second graduate student evaluated the student reflection quality, and the resubmission quality. The effect of the self-reflection quality on re-submitted assignment improvement was assessed. The average grade improvement for students who resubmitted a reflection was +15.1 % (n=16), and for students who resubmitted without a reflection was +6.3 % (n=3). The difference between the average resubmitted and first submission grades positively correlated with reflection quality. These results suggest that a reflection exercise associated with a resubmission has potential to improve student technical writing quality.  

scholarly journals A Novel Approach to Brachial Plexus Injections: A Technical Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Myles Dworkin
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Epidural Space ◽  
Thoracic Epidural ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Introducer Needle ◽  
Pain Symptoms ◽  
Permanent Neurological Deficit

Background: Brachial plexus injects are common procedures for pain management of the upper limb. Complications from theses injections, however, can be severe leading to permanent neurological deficit. The purpose of this technical report is to introduces a safe novel approach for brachial plexus injections. Case Presentation: A 45-year-old woman with type 2 complex region pain disorder underwent a novel brachial plexus injection. The patient was brought to the operating room where fluoroscopy was used to locate the T2 lamina. A 17-gauge introducer needle was maneuvered through the interlaminar space and into the epidural space. The stylet was removed and a Brevi Kath® (Epimed, Dallas, TX) was passed through the C7-T1 foramen into the brachial plexus region. Contrast was used to ensure proper placement and absence of vascular pickup. The injection was then given, and the catheter withdrawn. The procedure was done without complication and the patient had a 40% reduction in pain symptoms based on a visual analog scale. She was cleared to restart physical therapy. Conclusions: This novel technique approaches the brachial plexus by gaining access to the thoracic epidural space and following the spinal nerves through their respective foramen. The use of fluoroscopy and contrast ensures correct placement of injection. A blunt catheter limits the risk of injury. This approach may benefit patients who have failed standard techniques using local landmarks or those that are not ideal candidates due to previous injury or pre-existing conditions. Key words: Interventional pain, injection, brachial plexus, pain management, fluoroscopy

Surgery and Environmental Influence as Risk-Factors for the Development of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Animal Experiments

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (04) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Hoffmann ◽  
R C Schimmer ◽  
F Largiadèr
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Deep Vein

SummaryThe aim of this experimental study was to determine whether deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in animals occurs after osteosynthesis of the femur, and whether a postoperative drop in air pressure increases the frequence of DVT Thus, osteosynthesis of the femur was performed in 10 New Zealand rabbits. Postoperatively a drop in air pressure of 300 hPA was induced. After 40 h in the pressure cabin ascending phlebography was performed (Group A). In a control-group of 10 other rabbits surgery was performed without postoperative drop in air pressure (Group B) while in a second control only the drop in air pressure was induced without surgery (Group C).The phlebographic studies showed DVT in 4 out of 10 rabbits in group A. In group B there was no demonstrable DVT while in group C one ease of DVT was seen. The difference between group A and group B and C is statistically significant. In conclusion, a rapid drop in air pressure seems to have significant impact on the pathogenesis of DVT in rabbits after osteosynthesis of the femur.

Guidelines for potentiometric measurements in suspensions Part A. The suspension effect (IUPAC Technical Report)

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srecko F. Oman ◽  
M. Filomena Camões ◽  
Kipton J. Powell ◽  
Raj Rajagopalan ◽  
Petra Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Glass Electrode ◽  
Indicator Electrode ◽  
Liquid Junction ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Suspension Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Junction Potential

An explanation of the origin and interpretation of the suspension effect (SE) is presented in accordance with "pH Measurement: IUPAC Recommendations 2002" [Pure Appl. Chem.74, 2169 (2002)]. It is based on an analysis of detailed schemes of suspension potentiometric cells and confirmed with experimental results. Historically, the term "suspension effect" evolved during attempts to determine electrochemically the thermodynamically defined activity of H+ (aq) in suspensions. The experimental SE arises also in determining other pIon values, analogous to pH values.The SE relates to the observation that for the potential generated when a pair of electrodes (e.g., reference electrode, RE, and glass electrode) is placed in a suspension, the measured cell voltage is different from that measured when they are both placed in the separate equilibrium solution (eqs). The SE is defined here as the sum of: (1) the difference between the mixed potential of the indicator electrode (IE) in a suspension and the IE potential placed in the separated eqs; and (2) the anomalous liquid junction potential of the RE placed in the suspension. It is not the consequence of a boundary potential between the sediment and its eqs in the suspension potentiometric cells as is stated in the current definition of the SE.

scholarly journals Preliminary development of computed tomography (CT) scanner using transillumination imaging

10.29007/kgfg ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc An Dang Nguyen ◽  
To Ni Phan Van ◽  
Ngoc Anh Tuan Vo ◽  
Van Phu Le ◽  
Anh Tu Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Ct Scanner

Near-infrared transillumination imaging is useful in many biomedical applications such as human biometrics and animal experiments. Using near-infrared (NIR) light, we can able to obtain a two dimensional (2D) transillumination image of the internal absorption structure such as blood vessel structure, liver ... in a small animal body. If we can obtain projection images from many orientations, we can reconstruct a three dimensional (3D) image using various computed tomography techniques. In previous studies of our group, even with a simple system (light-emitting diode (LED)'s array and low-cost camera), we can obtain the blood vessel transillumination image of the human arm. In this paper, we propose preliminary research on the development of a computed tomography (CT) scanner prototype of human body parts using transillumination imaging.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document