scholarly journals LED Wristbands for Cell-Based Crowd Evacuation: An Adaptive Exit-Choice Guidance System Architecture

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6038
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Lopez-Carmona ◽  
Alvaro Paricio-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
System Architecture ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Logic Module ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Exit Choice

Cell-based crowd evacuation systems provide adaptive or static exit-choice indications that favor a coordinated group dynamic, improving evacuation time and safety. While a great effort has been made to modeling its control logic by assuming an ideal communication and positioning infrastructure, the architectural dimension and the influence of pedestrian positioning uncertainty have been largely overlooked. In our previous research, a cell-based crowd evacuation system (CellEVAC) was proposed that dynamically allocates exit gates to pedestrians in a cell-based pedestrian positioning infrastructure. This system provides optimal exit-choice indications through color-based indications and a control logic module built upon an optimized discrete-choice model. Here, we investigate how location-aware technologies and wearable devices can be used for a realistic deployment of CellEVAC. We consider a simulated real evacuation scenario (Madrid Arena) and propose a system architecture for CellEVAC that includes: a controller node, a radio-controlled light-emitting diode (LED) wristband subsystem, and a cell-node network equipped with active Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) devices. These subsystems coordinate to provide control, display, and positioning capabilities. We quantitatively study the sensitivity of evacuation time and safety to uncertainty in the positioning system. Results showed that CellEVAC was operational within a limited range of positioning uncertainty. Further analyses revealed that reprogramming the control logic module through a simulation optimization process, simulating the positioning system’s expected uncertainty level, improved the CellEVAC performance in scenarios with poor positioning systems.

scholarly journals Crowd Evacuation Guidance Based on Combined Action Reinforcement Learning

Algorithms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Yiran Xue ◽  
Rui Wu ◽  
Jiafeng Liu ◽  
Xianglong Tang
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Interactive Simulation ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Learning Agent ◽  
Network Output ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Crowd Evacuation

Existing crowd evacuation guidance systems require the manual design of models and input parameters, incurring a significant workload and a potential for errors. This paper proposed an end-to-end intelligent evacuation guidance method based on deep reinforcement learning, and designed an interactive simulation environment based on the social force model. The agent could automatically learn a scene model and path planning strategy with only scene images as input, and directly output dynamic signage information. Aiming to solve the “dimension disaster” phenomenon of the deep Q network (DQN) algorithm in crowd evacuation, this paper proposed a combined action-space DQN (CA-DQN) algorithm that grouped Q network output layer nodes according to action dimensions, which significantly reduced the network complexity and improved system practicality in complex scenes. In this paper, the evacuation guidance system is defined as a reinforcement learning agent and implemented by the CA-DQN method, which provides a novel approach for the evacuation guidance problem. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to the static guidance method, and on par with the manually designed model method.

scholarly journals CellEVAC: An adaptive guidance system for crowd evacuation through behavioral optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 105215
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Lopez-Carmona ◽  
Alvaro Paricio Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Guidance System ◽  
Adaptive Guidance ◽  
Crowd Evacuation

Pedestrian evacuation behavior analysis and simulation in multi-exits case

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1750128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxing Li ◽  
Hongfei Jia ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Jian Gong ◽  
Kechao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Pedestrian Evacuation ◽  
Shortest Distance ◽  
Evacuation Behavior ◽  
Exit Choice ◽  
Pedestrian Simulation

Considering the process of pedestrian evacuation as pedestrian walking freely from current position to exit and queuing at the exit, estimated evacuation time model for single pedestrian is established. Based on estimated evacuation time and shortest distance, pedestrian exit choice model is established considering pedestrian preference. Pedestrian exit choice model is added into pedestrian simulation model which is built based on cellular automata. Pedestrian evacuation behavior in multi-exits case is simulated. The simulations indicate that pedestrian evacuation model built in our work describes the pedestrian evacuation behavior well.

scholarly journals Unannounced Evacuation Experiment in a High-Rise Hotel Building with Evacuation Elevators: A Study of Evacuation Behaviour Using Eye-Tracking

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Mossberg ◽  
Daniel Nilsson ◽  
Kristin Andrée
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Hotel Room ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Exit Choice ◽  
Questionnaire Studies ◽  
Evacuation Experiment

Abstract Past studies suggest that people are often reluctant to use occupant evacuation elevators in case of fire. However, existing research is scarce and current knowledge is based on questionnaire studies and laboratory experiments. An unannounced evacuation experiment was therefore performed on the 16th floor of a 35-floor high-rise hotel building. Sixty-seven participants took part and eye-tracking glasses were used to collect data on exit choice and eye fixations. Three different scenarios were studied, including two different hotel room locations on the floor and a variation of guidance system for one of these locations, i.e., flashing green lights next to the evacuation sign at the elevators. Results suggest that people typically choose the elevator for evacuation, even if their hotel room was located closer to the evacuation stair. Flashing green lights next to an evacuation sign made people look more at this sign. However, in spite of looking more at the sign, the flashing light was not shown to significantly improve compliance with the sign. Also, the results suggest that a detector activated self-closing fire door without vision panels to the elevator lobby made it more difficult to find the evacuation elevators in an emergency.

IoT-based real time intelligent routing for emergent crowd evacuation

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-624
Author(s):  
Yanlan Mei ◽  
Ping Gui ◽  
Xianfeng Luo ◽  
Benbu Liang ◽  
Liuliu Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Evacuation Route

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to take advantage of Internet of Things (IoT) for intelligent route programming of crowd emergency evacuation in metro station. It is a novel approach to ensure the crowd safety and reduce the casualties in the emergency context. An evacuation route programming model is constructed to select a suitable evacuation route and support the emergency decision maker of metro station. Design/methodology/approach The IoT technology is employed to collect and screen information, and to construct an expert decision model to support the metro station manager to make decision. As a feasible way to solve the multiple criteria decision-making problem, an improved multi-attributive border approximation area comparison (MABAC) approach is introduced. Findings The case study indicates that the model provides valuable suggestions for evacuation route programming and offers practical support for the design of an evacuation route guidance system. Moreover, IoT plays an important role in the process of intelligent route programming of crowd emergency evacuation in metro station. A library has similar structure and crowd characteristics of a metro station, thus the intelligent route programming approach can be applied to the library crowd evacuation. Originality/value The highlights of this paper are listed as followings: the accuracy and accessibility of the metro station’s real-time information are improved by integrating IoT technology with the intelligent route programming of crowd emergency evacuation. An improved MABAC approach is introduced to the expert support model. It promotes the applicability and reliability of decision making for emergency evacuation route selection in metro station. It is a novel way to combine the decision-making methods with practice.

Study about influence of doors’ opening degree on crowd evacuation based on simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1950096
Author(s):  
Yuanchun Ding ◽  
Falu Weng ◽  
Lizhong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Saving Rate ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Simulation Results

Based on simulation, the influence of the doors’ opening degree (DOD) on crowd evacuation is investigated in this paper. First of all, an evacuation model, which has one exit with two doors, is established by utilizing the software Pathfinder. Then, based on the obtained model, some evacuation scenarios are considered. The simulation results indicate, when the DOD is within 115∘–135∘, the time saving rate is more than 13%, and the maximum time saving rate is achieved when the DOD is 125∘. Furthermore, there is a linear relationship between the mean square error and the number of the evacuees. For a small number of evacuees, the total evacuation time is mainly influenced by the distributions of the evacuees, however, as the number of the evacuees increases, it is mainly influenced by the number of the evacuees. Moreover, when the DOD is 125∘, the mean flow rate per unit width (MFRPUW) decreases along with the increasing of exit’s width, however, it increases along with the increasing of exit’s width while the DOD is 180∘. Compared with the 180∘ DOD, the 125∘ DOD can always achieve a higher MFRPUW, and the narrower the exit is, the higher MFRPUW the 125∘ DOD achieves.

Crowd evacuation model based on bacterial foraging algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu Shibiao ◽  
Chen Zhijun
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Pedestrian Movement ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Bacterial Foraging ◽  
Optimization Function ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Bacterial Foraging Algorithm ◽  
The Relationship

To understand crowd evacuation, a model based on a bacterial foraging algorithm (BFA) is proposed in this paper. Considering dynamic and static factors, the probability of pedestrian movement is established using cellular automata. In addition, given walking and queue times, a target optimization function is built. At the same time, a BFA is used to optimize the objective function. Finally, through real and simulation experiments, the relationship between the parameters of evacuation time, exit width, pedestrian density, and average evacuation speed is analyzed. The results show that the model can effectively describe a real evacuation.

A kinetic theory approach to the dynamics of crowd evacuation from bounded domains

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 109-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Agnelli ◽  
F. Colasuonno ◽  
D. Knopoff
Keyword(s):  
Local Density ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Initial Distribution ◽  
Bounded Domains ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Collective Behaviors ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Crowd Evacuation

A mathematical model of the evacuation of a crowd from bounded domains is derived by a hybrid approach with kinetic and macro-features. Interactions at the micro-scale, which modify the velocity direction, are modeled by using tools of game theory and are transferred to the dynamics of collective behaviors. The velocity modulus is assumed to depend on the local density. The modeling approach considers dynamics caused by interactions of pedestrians not only with all the other pedestrians, but also with the geometry of the domain, such as walls and exits. Interactions with the boundary of the domain are non-local and described by games. Numerical simulations are developed to study evacuation time depending on the size of the exit zone, on the initial distribution of the crowd and on a parameter which weighs the unconscious attraction of the stream and the search for less crowded walking directions.

scholarly journals Study on evacuation simulation under crowd-diversion condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781401878509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Piao Chiu ◽  
Yan-Chyuan Shiau ◽  
Yi-Hsuan Lai
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Flow Diverter ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Space Size ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Safety Evacuation ◽  
Occupant Evacuation

With the increasing number of domestic buildings, the importance of safety evacuation in case of fire in the buildings has been aware. Occupants in a building will crowd at exit(s) when they evacuate in disasters. The content of this study includes the following: (1) to conduct a literature review on severe stampedes in history, identifying the number of casualties, and to explore existing research on crowd evacuation; (2) to examine the applicability of software packages EXODUS and Unity for simulating occupant evacuation using them for simulations under identical conditions; and (3) to construct simulated evacuation environments using Unity and perform simulations with different combinations of occupant number, space size, exit size, and flow diverter size. The simulation results found that placing a flow diverter in front of the exit could reduce the evacuation time effectively. The best result was observed when the width of the door is close to the width of the flow diverter; it can reduce the evacuation time by about 25%. When more than 60 people were emptying through an exit below 120 cm width, the blocking happened regardless of whether a flow diverter was placed.

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