scholarly journals Can a Semi-Active Energy Harvesting Shock Absorber Mimic a Given Vehicle Passive Suspension?

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4378
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Reyes-Avendaño ◽  
Ciro Moreno-Ramírez ◽  
Carlos Gijón-Rivera ◽  
Hugo G. Gonzalez-Hernandez ◽  
José Luis Olazagoitia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Ball Screw ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Shock Absorbers ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Control Circuits ◽  
Minimum Velocity ◽  
Wasted Energy ◽  
At Will

Energy harvesting shock absorbers (EHSA) have made great progress in recent years, although there are still no commercial solutions for this technology. This paper addresses the question of whether, and under what conditions, an EHSA can completely replace a conventional one. In this way, any conventional suspension could be replicated at will, while recovering part of the wasted energy. This paper focuses on mimicking the original passive damper behavior by continuously varying the electrical parameters of the regenerative damper. For this study, a typical ball-screw EHSA is chosen, and its equivalent suspension parameters are tried to be matched to the initial damper. The methodology proposes several electrical control circuits that optimize the dynamic behavior of the regenerative damper from the continuous variation of a load resistance. The results show that, given a target damper curve, the regenerative damper can adequately replicate it when there is a minimum velocity in the damper. However, when the damper velocity is close to zero, the only way to compensate for inertia is through the introduction of external energy to the system.

scholarly journals Design and Potential Power Recovery of Two Types of Energy Harvesting Shock Absorbers

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincoln Bowen ◽  
Jordi Vinolas ◽  
José Luis Olazagoitia
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Ball Screw ◽  
Vehicle Suspension ◽  
Characteristic Curves ◽  
Shock Absorbers ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Power Recovery ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Numerous authors have studied Energy Harvesting Shock Absorbers (EHSA) over the last decade, proposing different designs with diverse geometries, parameters, and components. This article analyzes the energy recovery potential of two types of rotational EHSA, those that use ball-screw and those based on cable transmission. This paper presents the design, manufacturing and mathematical modeling of both options as well as the estimation of the potential power recovery with both technologies. Two types of vehicles are used as references, each one with the characteristic curves of their shock absorbers. Results are presented for different vehicle speeds and road types. Finally, some qualitative characteristics of both EHSAs are detailed to be taken into consideration for their possible use in vehicle suspension.

Vibration-Based Energy Harvesting Systems for On-Board Applications

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nagode ◽  
M. Ahmadian ◽  
S. Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Roller Bearing ◽  
Relative Displacement ◽  
Ball Screw ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Shock Absorbers ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Electromechanical Energy ◽  
Input Motion

Currently, the onboard applications of many electronic devices that could benefit rail operation are hindered by the lack of availability of electrical power in freight cars. Although the locomotives, of course, have available sources of power, the freight cars usually don’t have any. The systems presented in this paper are meant to provide a solution for distributed power in freight trains. Although ideas like Timken’s generator roller bearing or solar panels exist, the railroads have been slow in adopting them for different reasons, including cost, difficulty of implementation, or limited capabilities. The solutions presented in this paper are vibration-based electromechanical energy harvesting systems. With size and shape similar to conventional shock absorbers, these devices are designed to be placed in parallel with the suspension elements, possibility inside the coil spring, maximizing underutilized space. As the train goes down the track, the suspension will accommodate the imperfections and its relative displacement will be used as the input for the harvesting systems. The first prototype generation used a linear generator, with the advantage of no need for a mechanical transformation of the input. They have proven that they could work but present some limitations in terms of power and efficiency. The second generation of prototypes is built around a rotating generator. The linear input motion is transformed into rotation by a ball screw. The possibility of including a gearbox to increase the speed is the key to greatly improve performances. The latest built prototype has shown during lab tests that it is capable of providing up to 75WRMS with displacements and velocities that resemble the relative motion across a vehicle suspension.

scholarly journals Modeling of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Freely Oscillating Cylinders in Water Flow

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
YingZheng Liu ◽  
ZhaoMin Cao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Free Stream ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Stream Velocity ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibratory System ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Vortex Induced Vibrations

A concept of energy harvesting from vortex-induced vibrations of a rigid circular cylinder with two piezoelectric beams attached is investigated. The variations of the power levels with the free stream velocity are determined. A mathematical approach including the coupled cylinder motion and harvested voltage is presented. The effects of the load resistance, piezoelectric materials, and circuit combined on the natural frequency and damping of the vibratory system are determined by performing a linear analysis. The dynamic response of the cylinder and harvested energy are investigated. The results show that the harvested level in SS and SP&PS modes is the same with different values of load resistance. For four different system parameters, the results show that the bigger size of cylinder with PZT beams can obtain the higher harvested power.

scholarly journals The effect of type of sound damper material in the Helmholtz resonator to the output power spectrum of acoustic energy Harvester

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Hedwigis Harindra ◽  
Agung Bambang Setio Utomo ◽  
Ikhsan Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Helmholtz Resonator ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Acoustic Energy Harvesting ◽  
Wasted Energy ◽  
Second Peak ◽  
Output Electric Power

<span>Acoustic energy harvesting is one o</span><span lang="EN-US">f</span><span> many ways to harness </span><span lang="EN-US">acoustic </span><span>noises as wasted energy into use</span><span lang="EN-US">f</span><span>ul </span><span lang="EN-US">electical </span><span>energy using an acoustic </span><span>energy harvester. </span><span>Acoustic </span><span>energy harvester t</span><span lang="EN-US">h</span><span>at tested by Dimastya (2018) </span><span lang="EN-US">which is consisted of loudspeake</span><span>r </span><span lang="EN-US">and Helmholtz resonator, </span><span>produced two-peak spectrum. It is </span><span lang="EN-US">suspected</span><span> that the </span><span lang="EN-US">f</span><span>irst peak </span><span lang="EN-US">is due t</span><span>o </span><span lang="EN-US">Helmholtz</span><span> resonator resonance and the second peak </span><span lang="EN-US">comes</span><span lang="EN-US">from the resonance of the conversion </span><span>loudspeaker. </span><span lang="EN-US">This research is to experimentally confirm the guess of the origin of the first peak. The experiments are performed by adding silencer materials on the resonator inner wall which are expected to be able to reduce the height of first peak and to know </span><span>how </span><span lang="EN-US">they</span><span> a</span><span lang="EN-US">ff</span><span>ect t</span><span>he output electric power spectrum o</span><span lang="EN-US">f</span><span> t</span><span>he acoustic energy harvester. </span><span lang="EN-US">Three different silencer materials are used, those are</span><span> glasswool, acoustic </span><span lang="EN-US">f</span><span>oam, and styro</span><span lang="EN-US">f</span><span>oam</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span> with</span><span lang="EN-US"> the same thickness of</span><span> 12 cm. </span><span lang="EN-US">The r</span><span>esult</span><span lang="EN-US">s</span><span> show that glasswool absorb</span><span lang="EN-US">s</span><span> sound more e</span><span lang="EN-US">ff</span><span>ectively than acostic </span><span lang="EN-US">f</span><span>oam and styro</span><span lang="EN-US">f</span><span>oam. The use o</span><span lang="EN-US">f</span><span> glasswool, acoustic </span><span lang="EN-US">f</span><span>oam, and styro</span><span lang="EN-US">f</span><span>oam with 12 cm thickness lowered the </span><span lang="EN-US">f</span><span>irst peak </span><span lang="EN-US">by</span><span> 90% (</span><span lang="EN-US">f</span><span>rom 39 mW to 0,5 mW), 82% (</span><span lang="EN-US">f</span><span>rom 39 mW to 0,7 mW), and 82% (</span><span lang="EN-US">f</span><span>rom 39 mW to 0,7 mW), respectively. </span><span lang="EN-US">Based on these results, it is concluded that the guess of the origin of the first peak is confirmed.</span>

A Multiband RF Energy Harvesting System for Efficient Power Conversion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shafiqur Rahman ◽  
Uttam K. Chakravarty
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Mathematical Programming Problem ◽  
Rf Energy Harvesting ◽  
Voltage Multiplier ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Rf Energy ◽  
Multiplier Circuit

Abstract This paper presents a radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting (RFEH) system with a multiband antenna configuration that can simultaneously harvest energy from the sub-6 GHz and 5G millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) frequency bands. The performance of the RFEH system is studied from −25 dBm to 5 dBm input power levels underlying the maximization of the overall efficiency and possible optimization strategies. The maximum achievable power conversion efficiency (PCE) is formulated as a mathematical programming problem and solved by optimizing the design factors including antenna geometry, operational frequencies, rectifier topologies, and rectifier parameters. An array of broadband high gain patch antennas with reconfigurable rectifiers, an impedance matching network, and a voltage-multiplier circuit are employed in the system to maximize the PCE. The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and reflection coefficient (S11) of the antenna are estimated and optimized by numerical method. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performances of the rectenna and the voltage-multiplier circuit. Results for radiation pattern, wave absorption, input impedance, voltage, and power across the load resistance as a function of frequency are obtained for the optimized configuration. The overall efficiency of the optimized RFEH system is measured at various power inputs and load resistances.

scholarly journals On-Site and External Energy Harvesting in Underground Wireless

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Raza ◽  
Abdul Salam
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Wireless Power Transfer ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Underground Communication

Energy efficiency is vital for uninterrupted long-term operation of wireless underground communication nodes in the field of decision agriculture. In this paper, energy harvesting and wireless power transfer techniques are discussed with applications in underground wireless communications (UWC). Various external wireless power transfer techniques are explored. Moreover, key energy harvesting technologies are presented that utilize available energy sources in the field such as vibration, solar, and wind. In this regard, the Electromagnetic (EM)- and Magnetic Induction (MI)-based approaches are explained. Furthermore, the vibration-based energy harvesting models are reviewed as well. These energy harvesting approaches lead to design of an efficient wireless underground communication system to power underground nodes for prolonged field operation in decision agriculture.

scholarly journals Effects of the Angled Blades of Extremely Small Wind Turbines on Energy Harvesting Performance

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junseon Park ◽  
Seungjin Lee ◽  
Joong Yull Park
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Small Wind Turbines ◽  
Useful Power ◽  
Blade Geometry

Low-intensity winds can be useful power sources in the context of energy harvesting. This study aims to enhance the power generation capacity of a super micro wind turbine (SMWT) in low-intensity winds by modifying the blade geometry, which cannot be realized in conventional wind turbines owing to the stress concentration. By controlling the curved angle (θ) in the middle of the blade, the rotor performance can be improved, and the rotor diameter can be reduced to increase installation density. Experimental results indicated that the optimal θ value was 105°, at which the AC voltage was improved by 7.4% compared to that in the case of the basic model with θ = 0°. The maximum electric power output was 9.333 μW and the load resistance was 47.62 kΩ. Moreover, a computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed to clarify the pressure field and streamlines on and around the blade to demonstrate the aerodynamic performance of the SMWT. The proposed blade geometry is one of many possible designs that can enhance extremely small wind turbines for energy harvesting.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Vortex-Induced Vibrations and Wake-Induced Vibrations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Junlei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Vortex Induced Vibrations ◽  
Flow Induced Vibrations ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Output Characteristics

A rigid circular cylinder with two piezoelectric beams attached on has been tested through vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) and wake-induced vibrations (WIV) by installing a big cylinder fixed upstream, in order to study the influence of the different flow-induced vibrations (FIV) types. The VIV test shows that the output voltage increases with the increases of load resistance; an optimal load resistance exists for the maximum output power. The WIV test shows that the vibration of the small cylinder is controlled by the vortex frequency of the large one. There is an optimal gap of the cylinders that can obtain the maximum output voltage and power. For a same energy harvesting device, WIV has higher power generation capacity; then the piezoelectric output characteristics can be effectively improved.

scholarly journals Modeling and Analysis of a Hydraulic Energy-Harvesting Shock Absorber

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifei Wu ◽  
Guangzhao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
External Load ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Shock Absorber ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Hydraulic Motor ◽  
Damping Force ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Unidirectional Flow ◽  
Energy Dissipated

This paper proposes a hydraulic energy-harvesting shock absorber prototype, which realizes energy harvesting of the vibration energy dissipated by the automobile suspension system. The structural design of the proposed shock absorber ensures that the unidirectional flow of oil drives the hydraulic motor to generate electricity while obtaining an asymmetrical extension/compression damping force. A mathematical model of the energy-harvesting shock absorber is established, and the simulation results indicate that the damping force can be controlled by varying the load resistance of the feed module, thus adjusting the required damping force ratio of the compression and recovery strokes. By adjusting the external load, the target indicator performance of the shock absorber is achieved while obtaining the required energy recovery power. A series of experiments are conducted on the prototype to verify the validity of the damping characteristics and the energy recovery efficiency as well as to analyze the effect of external load and excitation speed on these characteristics.

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