scholarly journals A Review of Techniques Used for Induction Machine Fault Modelling

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4855
Author(s):  
Carla Terron-Santiago ◽  
Javier Martinez-Roman ◽  
Ruben Puche-Panadero ◽  
Angel Sapena-Bano
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Power ◽  
Induction Machine ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
General Description ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Magnetic Circuits ◽  
Fault Modelling ◽  
Industry Applications

Over the years, induction machines (IMs) have become key components in industry applications as mechanical power sources (working as motors) as well as electrical power sources (working as generators). Unexpected breakdowns in these components can lead to unscheduled down time and consequently to large economic losses. As breakdown of IMs for failure study is not economically feasible, several IM computer models under faulty conditions have been developed to investigate the characteristics of faulty machines and have allowed reducing the number of destructive tests. This paper provides a review of the available techniques for faulty IMs modelling. These models can be categorised as models based on electrical circuits, on magnetic circuits, models based on numerical methods and the recently proposed in the technical literature hybrid models or models based on finite element method (FEM) analytical techniques. A general description of each type of model is given with its main benefits and drawbacks in terms of accuracy, running times and ability to reproduce a given fault.

scholarly journals Optical Voltage Transformer Based on FBG-PZT for Power Quality Measurement

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2699
Author(s):  
Marceli N. Gonçalves ◽  
Marcelo M. Werneck
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Pockels Effect ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Voltage Transformer ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Distribution Lines

Optical Current Transformers (OCTs) and Optical Voltage Transformers (OVTs) are an alternative to the conventional transformers for protection and metering purposes with a much smaller footprint and weight. Their advantages were widely discussed in scientific and technical literature and commercial applications based on the well-known Faraday and Pockels effect. However, the literature is still scarce in studies evaluating the use of optical transformers for power quality purposes, an important issue of power system designed to analyze the various phenomena that cause power quality disturbances. In this paper, we constructed a temperature-independent prototype of an optical voltage transformer based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and piezoelectric ceramics (PZT), adequate to be used in field surveys at 13.8 kV distribution lines. The OVT was tested under several disturbances defined in IEEE standards that can occur in the electrical power system, especially short-duration voltage variations such as SAG, SWELL, and INTERRUPTION. The results demonstrated that the proposed OVT presents a dynamic response capable of satisfactorily measuring such disturbances and that it can be used as a power quality monitor for a 13.8 kV distribution system. Test on the proposed system concluded that it was capable to reproduce up to the 41st harmonic without significative distortion and impulsive surges up to 2.5 kHz. As an advantage, when compared with conventional systems to monitor power quality, the prototype can be remote-monitored, and therefore, be installed at strategic locations on distribution lines to be monitored kilometers away, without the need to be electrically powered.

scholarly journals Towards Precise Interpretation of Oil Transformers via Novel Combined Techniques Based on DGA and Partial Discharge Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed A. Ward ◽  
Adel El-Faraskoury ◽  
Mohamed Badawi ◽  
Shimaa A. Ibrahim ◽  
Karar Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Transformer ◽  
Partial Discharge ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dissolved Gas ◽  
Electricity Transmission ◽  
Dissolved Gas Analysis ◽  
Precise Interpretation

Power transformers are considered important and expensive items in electrical power networks. In this regard, the early discovery of potential faults in transformers considering datasets collected from diverse sensors can guarantee the continuous operation of electrical systems. Indeed, the discontinuity of these transformers is expensive and can lead to excessive economic losses for the power utilities. Dissolved gas analysis (DGA), as well as partial discharge (PD) tests considering different intelligent sensors for the measurement process, are used as diagnostic techniques for detecting the oil insulation level. This paper includes two parts; the first part is about the integration among the diagnosis results of recognized dissolved gas analysis techniques, in this part, the proposed techniques are classified into four techniques. The integration between the different DGA techniques not only improves the oil fault condition monitoring but also overcomes the individual weakness, and this positive feature is proved by using 532 samples from the Egyptian Electricity Transmission Company (EETC). The second part overview the experimental setup for (66/11.86 kV–40 MVA) power transformer which exists in the Egyptian Electricity Transmission Company (EETC), the first section in this part analyzes the dissolved gases concentricity for many samples, and the second section illustrates the measurement of PD particularly in this case study. The results demonstrate that precise interpretation of oil transformers can be provided to system operators, thanks to the combination of the most appropriate techniques.

Feasibility Study of a MEMS Viscous Rotary Engine Power System (VREPS)

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Cauley ◽  
Jose D. Rosario-Rosario ◽  
Albert P. Pisano
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Creeping Flow ◽  
Magnetic Pole ◽  
Rotary Engine ◽  
Magnetic Circuits ◽  
Isentropic Efficiency ◽  
Engine Power

In this paper is presented an analytic, theoretical and numerical study of the Viscous Rotary Engine Power System (VREPS). In addition, a proposed process flow for the fabrication of the VREPS using DRIE of silicon is described. The design premise of the VREPS is to derive mechanical power from the surface viscous shearing forces developed by a pressure driven flow present between a rotating disk or annulus and a stationary housing. The resulting motion of the rotating disk or annulus is converted into electrical power by using an external permanent magnet, embedded nickel-iron magnetic circuits, and an external switched magnetic pole electric generator similar to the design proposed by M. Senesky for the UC Berkeley micro-Wankel Engine [1]. This paper will examine the power output, isentropic efficiency, and operating characteristics of the disk and annular viscous turbines using the lubrication approximation and the Creeping Flow Equations (Stokes Flow). The viscous turbine is optimized for maximum isentropic efficiency using MATLAB numerical optimization routines. Finally, a unique triple-wafer micro-fabrication process for VREPS is presented. The proposed design consists of a 250 μm thick, 3.4 mm OD / 2.4 mm ID annular rotor with embedded magnetic poles and four 10 μm driving channels on each side of the rotor. Electrical power is generated with a switched magnetic pole generator, external permanent magnet, and integrated magnetic circuits. Calculations with water predict an output power of 825 mW at an isentropic efficiency of 25% using a pressure drop of 5 MPa cross the device.

Market Opportunity Analysis in Thailand: Case of Individual Power Sources by Thermoelectric-Generator Technology for Portable Electronics

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950027
Author(s):  
Surapree Maolikul ◽  
Thira Chavarnakul ◽  
Somchai Kiatgamolchai
Keyword(s):  
Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Technology Commercialization ◽  
Market Opportunity ◽  
Business Research ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Portable Electronics ◽  
Decision Factors ◽  
Insight Into

Thermoelectrics, an energy-conversion technology, has been developed for its potential to support portable electronics with an innovative power source. Primarily focusing on the metropolitan market in Thailand, the study, thus, aimed at the market insight into portable electronics users’ characteristics and opinions of thermoelectric-generator (TEG) technology commercialization. The business research was conducted to analyze their behaviors for power-supply lacking problems, encountering heat or cold sources, purchasing decision for a TEG-based charger and key decision factors. For practical applications, an innovative TEG-based charger should be more flexible by harnessing various heat or cold sources from ambient situations to generate electrical power.

scholarly journals The Global Survey of the Electrical Energy Distribution System: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Sudhakar Talhar ◽  
Sanjay B. Bodkhe
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Central Intelligence Agency ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Energy Scenario ◽  
The World

This paper gives a review of energy scenario in India and other countries. Today’s demand of the world is to minimize greenhouse gas emissions, during the production of electricity. Henceforth over the world, the production of electrical power is changing by introducing abundantly available renewable energy sources like sun and wind. But, because of the intermittent nature of sustainable power sources, the electrical power network faces many problems, during the transmission and distribution of electricity. For resolving these issues, Electrical Energy Storage (EES) is acknowledged as supporting technology. This paper discusses about the world electrical energy scenario with top renowned developed countries in power generation and consumption. Contribution of traditional power sources changed after the introduction of renewable energy sources like sun and wind. Worldwide Agencies are formed like International Energy Agency (IEA), The Central Intelligence Agency, (CIS) etc. The main aim of these agencies is to provide reliable, affordable and clean energy. This paper will discuss about the regulatory authority and government policies/incentives taken by different countries.  At the end of this paper, author focuses on obstacles in implementation, development and benefits of renewable energy.

Loss Minimization in Active Distribution Network

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bawoke Simachew
Keyword(s):  
Power Loss ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Loss Reduction ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Power Sources

Power loss reduction is an important problem that needs to be addressed with respect to generating electrical power. It is important to reduce power loss using locally generated power sources and/or compensations. This chapter brings a method of presents a method of maximizing energy utilization, feeder loss reduction, and voltage profile improvement for radial distribution network using the active and reactive power sources. Distributed Generation (DG) (wind and solar with backup by biomass generation) and shunt capacitor (QG) for reactive power demand are used. Integrating DG and QG at each bus might reduce the loss but it is economically unaffordable, especially for developing countries. Therefore, the utilization optimization method is required for finding an optimal size and location to feeders for placing QG and DG to minimize feeder loss.

scholarly journals The Use of Granular Cyclopentanone as Alternative to Artificial Source of Carbon Dioxide in Improved Passive Outdoor Host Seeking Device (POHD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Stella T. Kessy ◽  
Bruno A. Nyundo ◽  
Ladslaus L. Mnyone ◽  
Issa N. Lyimo
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Power ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Yeast Fermentation ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
Residual Malaria Transmission ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
And Control

Reliable sources of CO2 that are relatively cheap, obtainable, and easy to sustain are immediately required for scaling up of odor-baited mosquito surveillance and control devices. Several odor-baited devices are in the pipeline; however, their scale-up against residual malaria transmission, particularly in resource poor areas, is limited by the unavailability of reliable sources of CO2 and reliance on electrical power sources among other factors. We evaluated the use of granular cyclopentanone as an alternative to artificial or yeast fermentation-produced CO2 in passive outdoor host seeking device (POHD). Experiments were conducted against semifield reared An. arabiensis within the semifield system (SFS) at Ifakara Health Institute. Mosquitoes were tested against odor-baited POHDs augmented with yeast fermentation-produced CO2, granular cyclopentanone, attractive blends (Mbita or Ifakara), or their combinations. An insecticide, bendiocarb, was a killing agent used as a proxy for marking the mosquitoes visit the POHDs. Relative attractiveness of different treatment combinations was compared based on the proportion of dead mosquitoes that visited the POHD. The POHD augmented with granules of cyclopentanone alone was attractive to An. arabiensis as much as, or more than, POHDs augmented with yeast fermentation-produced CO2. The POHD baited with CO2 attracted more mosquitoes than those POHDs baited with synthetic blends alone; when these blends are combined with CO2, they attracted more mosquitoes than individual blends. More importantly, such POHDs baited with cyclopentanone attracted far greater proportion of mosquitoes than the POHD baited with either Mbita or Ifakara blend alone. The granular cyclopentanone strongly enhanced/potentiated the attractiveness of POHD baited with Mbita blends against mosquitoes compared to that of POHD baited with Ifakara blend. Moreover, the granular cyclopentanone retained its residual activity against An. arabiensis for up to 2 months after application particularly when used in combination with Mbita blend. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that cyclopentanone granules have the potential to substitute sources of CO2 in outdoor-based surveillance and control devices, thus warranting evaluation of such alternative under realistic field conditions.

Investigation and Optimization of Power Based Smart Home Module Integrated with Automatic Solar Tracking System and MPPT Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 889 ◽  
pp. 526-532
Author(s):  
Thai Viet Dang ◽  
Si Thong Dinh ◽  
Xuan Toi Bui
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Power Sources

Currently, the world has a lot of research and practical application of intelligent building systems integrated with intelligent power systems. Because Vietnam is a country with potential for solar energy, the integrator of solar energy is being strongly developed. However, the research result of the optimization of electrical energy used by the intelligent type solar integration is rare. This paper presents the design and structure of the module of intelligent control and monitoring via wireless network integrated with the automatic solar concentration system. The system allows easy connection and operation of all electrical power sources including the dispersal solar power to ensure the efficient and lower power consumption. In addition, the solar cell system is applied the Maximum Power Point Tracking technique (MPPT), which helps to stabilize and improve the power generation efficiency of the PV panels. The test results on the module showed absorption performance of automatic solar-cell flat plate systems is raised by 20-30% and power consumption in small households reduced approximately 30%.

scholarly journals Hollow Piezoelectric Ceramic Fibers for Energy Harvesting Fabrics

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 155892501300800
Author(s):  
François M. Guillot ◽  
Haskell W. Beckham ◽  
Johannes Leisen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Ceramic Fibers ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Electromechanical Performance ◽  
Alternative Power

In the past few years, the growing need for alternative power sources has generated considerable interest in the field of energy harvesting. A particularly exciting possibility within that field is the development of fabrics capable of harnessing mechanical energy and delivering electrical power to sensors and wearable devices. This study presents an evaluation of the electromechanical performance of hollow lead zirconate titanate (PZT) fibers as the basis for the construction of such fabrics. The fibers feature individual polymer claddings surrounding electrodes directly deposited onto both inside and outside ceramic surfaces. This configuration optimizes the amount of electrical energy available by placing the electrodes in direct contact with the surface of the material and by maximizing the active piezoelectric volume. Hollow fibers were electroded, encapsulated in a polymer cladding, poled and characterized in terms of their electromechanical properties. They were then glued to a vibrating cantilever beam equipped with a strain gauge, and their energy harvesting performance was measured. It was found that the fibers generated twice as much energy density as commercial state-of-the-art flexible composite sensors. Finally, the influence of the polymer cladding on the strain transmission to the fiber was evaluated. These fibers have the potential to be woven into fabrics that could harvest mechanical energy from the environment and could eventually be integrated into clothing.

scholarly journals Uncertainty analysis of measuring system for instantaneous power research

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Dzwonkowski ◽  
Leon Swędrowski
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Induction Motor ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Induction Machine ◽  
Uncertainty Estimation ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Metrological Analysis ◽  
Instantaneous Power ◽  
Measurement And Analysis

Abstract The electrical power drawn by an induction motor is distorted in case of appearance of a certain type of failures. Under spectral analysis of the instantaneous power one obtains the components which are connected with definite types of damage. An analysis of the amplitudes and frequencies of the components allows to recognize the type of fault. The paper presents a metrological analysis of the measurement system used for diagnosis of induction motor bearings, based on the analysis of the instantaneous power. This system was implemented as a set of devices with dedicated software installed on a PC. A number of measurements for uncertainty estimation was carried out. The results of the measurements are presented in the paper. The results of the aforementioned analysis helped to determine the measurement uncertainty which can be expected during bearing diagnostic measurements, by the method relying on measurement and analysis of the instantaneous power of an induction machine.

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