scholarly journals Analysis of Propagation and Distribution Characteristics of Leakage Acoustic Waves in Water Supply Pipelines

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5450
Author(s):  
Yunfei Li ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Ming Fu ◽  
Fan Zhou ◽  
Zhaozhao Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Acoustic Analogy ◽  
Acoustic Wave Propagation ◽  
Source Characteristics ◽  
Water Supply Pipeline

Leakage detection methods based on the analysis of leakage acoustic signals provide an effective technical approach for detecting small leaks in water supply pipelines. From a technical perspective, the study of the propagation characteristics of acoustic waves generated by the leakage in the water supply pipeline is necessary for detecting the leak location on the basis of acoustic signals. In this study, a 3D transient leakage acoustic wave propagation equation was derived by combining the principles of fluid dynamics and Lighthill acoustic analogy theory. The propagation of the leakage-induced noise in water supply pipeline was modelled theoretically. We simulated the propagation of a leakage acoustic wave under different conditions for different target scenarios encountered in actual pipeline inspections. Specifically, we analysed the effect of different factors, such as the pipe size and acoustic source characteristics, on acoustic propagation. Finally, the simulated experiments were practically performed using a self-designed simulated water supply pipeline and self-developed spherical water supply pipeline detector to validate the simulation analysis. The results of this study provide a theoretical guidance and basis for the analysis of characteristics of leakage acoustic wave signals and the recognition of leakage conditions in water supply pipelines.

Laser-Generated Surface Acoustic Wave Technique for Crack Monitoring – A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Chen ◽  
◽  
Xing Fu ◽  
Dante J. Dorantes-Gonzalez ◽  
Yanning Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Surface Acoustic Wave ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Surface Acoustic Waves ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Quantitative Monitoring ◽  
Crack Monitoring ◽  
Wave Technique

In this paper, the principle of surface acoustic wave techniques and their application to the monitoring of cracks are presented and compared to other classic non-destructive techniques. A practical classification of methods regarding the excitation and detection of surface acoustic waves is enumerated, among them, laser-generated surface acoustic wave technique is carefully analyzed as a prospective technique, and two important detection methods using piezoelectric and light deflection are described. Then, the strategies and variables used in crack monitoring based on laser-generated surface acoustic wave technique are reviewed. To achieve the goal of quantitative detection of cracks, most researchers use numerical models and experiments to characterize main crack features. Discussions and prospective approaches for further quantitative monitoring of cracks are provided.

Experiments on Damping of Acoustic Waves in Water-Filled Pipes

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Chatoorgoon ◽  
Qizhao Li
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
System Response ◽  
Acoustic Wave Propagation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Zero Flow

A simple, fundamental experimental study was conducted to better understand acoustic wave propagation is fluid-filled pipes. Three experiments were undertaken: the first with zero flow and a closed outlet end, the second with turbulent flow and an open outlet end and the third with zero flow and an open outlet end. The intent was to obtain data for model comparison and to determine the effect of turbulent flow on the system response. New insights are obtained and reported.

scholarly journals ANOMALOUS SEISMO-ACOUSTIC WAVE PROPAGATION AND DETERMINATION SOURCE OF INFRASOUND

2017 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Bayarsaikhan Ch ◽  
Tungalag L ◽  
Lkhagvajav Ch ◽  
Alexis Le Pichon
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
General Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Wave Propagation ◽  
Speed Distribution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seasonal Wind

The network of infrasound stations (I34MN) in Mongolia daily registers set of infrasound from various sources besides explosions. The data from explosions in mines in region and from other sources detected since 2000 to 2009 in seismic and infrasound stations is analyzed. The analysis these signals dependence of speed distribution of sound from seasonal, wind forces and direction moreover on short distances. From detected in infrasound stations (I34MN) in year 80-90 % of signals make microbaroms, the wide range of their sources is visible from the frequency analysis. From the general analysis registered seismo and acoustic signals of explosions on the seismic and infrasound networks stations miscalculate not only speeds of distribution of sounds on close distances (50-500 km),  and also the speed model of atmosphere is made.

The mathematical modeling for bulk acoustic wave propagation velocities in transversely isotropic piezoelectric materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abo-el-nour N Abd-alladan ◽  
Abdelmonam M Hamdan ◽  
Adel A Almarashi ◽  
Antonio Battista
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Piezoelectric Effect ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Bulk Acoustic Wave ◽  
Acoustic Wave Propagation ◽  
Wave Velocities ◽  
Saw Devices ◽  
Propagation Velocities

The objective of this paper is to study the bulk acoustic wave (BAW) propagation velocities in transversely isotropic piezoelectric materials, aluminum nitride, zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide. The bulk acoustic wave velocities are computed for each direction by solving the Christoffel’s equation based on the theory of acoustic waves in anisotropic solids exhibiting piezoelectricity. These values are calculated numerically and implemented on a computer by Bisection Method Iterations Technique (BMIT). The modification of the bulk acoustic wave velocities caused by the piezoelectric effect are graphically compared with the velocities in the corresponding non-piezoelectric materials. The results obtained in this study can be applied to signal processing, sound systems and wireless communication in addition to the improvement of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices and military defense equipment.

EXPERIENCE ON ACOUSTIC WAVE PROPAGATION IN ROCK SALT IN THE FREQUENCY RANGE 1-100 kHz AND CONCLUSIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE FEASIBILITY OF A ROCK SALT DOME AS NEUTRINO DETECTOR

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERD MANTHEI ◽  
JÜRGEN EISENBLÄTTER ◽  
THOMAS SPIES
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Rock Salt ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Neutrino Detector ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Acoustic Wave Propagation

Rock salt is a promising material for the detection of acoustic waves generated by interactions of high energy neutrinos. The economical feasibility of an acoustic neutrino detector strongly depends on the spacing between the acoustic sensors. In this paper we report on our experience on acoustic wave propagation and wave attenuation in rock salt in the frequency range of 1 to 100 kHz and some conclusions with respect to the usefulness of rock salt as a neutrino detector. The experience bases on long-term acoustic emission measurements in a salt mine.

scholarly journals Nonreciprocal surface acoustic wave propagation via magneto-rotation coupling

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (32) ◽  
pp. eabb1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingran Xu ◽  
Kei Yamamoto ◽  
Jorge Puebla ◽  
Korbinian Baumgaertl ◽  
Bivas Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Surface Acoustic Waves ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Phonon Coupling ◽  
Acoustic Wave Propagation ◽  
Phonon Interaction ◽  
Magnetoelastic Coupling

A fundamental form of magnon-phonon interaction is an intrinsic property of magnetic materials, the “magnetoelastic coupling.” This form of interaction has been the basis for describing magnetostrictive materials and their applications, where strain induces changes of internal magnetic fields. Different from the magnetoelastic coupling, more than 40 years ago, it was proposed that surface acoustic waves may induce surface magnons via rotational motion of the lattice in anisotropic magnets. However, a signature of this magnon-phonon coupling mechanism, termed magneto-rotation coupling, has been elusive. Here, we report the first observation and theoretical framework of the magneto-rotation coupling in a perpendicularly anisotropic film Ta/CoFeB(1.6 nanometers)/MgO, which consequently induces nonreciprocal acoustic wave attenuation with an unprecedented ratio of up to 100% rectification at a theoretically predicted optimized condition. Our work not only experimentally demonstrates a fundamentally new path for investigating magnon-phonon coupling but also justifies the feasibility of the magneto-rotation coupling application.

Velocity-Log Interpretation: The Effect of Rock Bulk Compressibility

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (04) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Geertsma
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Biot Theory ◽  
Porous Rocks ◽  
Acoustic Wave Propagation ◽  
Log Interpretation

Abstract Tbe relationsbip between porosity and the speed of propagation of acoustic waves in fluid-saturated porous rocks as measured by the Sonic log and by ultrasonic techniques is analyzed. Biot's continuum theory is used to explain the difference in acoustic wave propagation between a dry and a liquid-saturated porous material. The porosity is a variable in this theory. However, the acoustic wave propagation in the dry rock depends too on porosity, and this dependence is not predicted by the theory. Frequently in dry sandstones, a nearly linear relationsbip between reciprocal acoustic wave velocity and porosity is observed in the low-porosity range. The physics behind this behavior is outlined. An empirical relationship of the form, 1/V ~ A + B ø, applies accordingly for many porous dry rocks, provided the porosity is the only variable. The presence of a liquid in the pores changes the value of B, and this change is found to be in agreement with the Biot theory. The time-average relation introduced some years ago results in an equation of the same type 1/V = ø/Vf + (1 - ø)/Vr - but is not based on a sound physical picture. Still, this relation sometimes predicts approximately correct A and B values. Carbonate rocks with their complicated pore structures sometimes show a different relationship between wave velocity and porosity, unfavorable for log interpretation. Examples are presented. The simultaneous presence of calcite, dolomite and anhydrite, with their different grain densities and matrix compressibilities, complicates acoustic-log interpretation in carbonate rocks still further. Other complicating effects of acoustic-log interpretation are discussed. They are related to the influence of shale streaks and natural fractures on the average wave velocity observed by the logging tool and to the effect of adsorption phenomena on wave propagation in unstressed rocks particularly in sandstones.

scholarly journals Acoustic wave propagation through solar granulation: Validity of effective-medium theories, coda waves

2020 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
pp. A168
Author(s):  
P.-L. Poulier ◽  
D. Fournier ◽  
L. Gizon ◽  
T. L. Duvall
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Wave Field ◽  
Multiple Scattering ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Coda Waves ◽  
Acoustic Wave Propagation ◽  
Solar Granulation ◽  
Effective Wave

Context. The frequencies, lifetimes, and eigenfunctions of solar acoustic waves are affected by turbulent convection, which is random in space and in time. Since the correlation time of solar granulation and the periods of acoustic waves (∼5 min) are similar, the medium in which the waves propagate cannot a priori be assumed to be time independent. Aims. We compare various effective-medium solutions with numerical solutions in order to identify the approximations that can be used in helioseismology. For the sake of simplicity, the medium is one dimensional. Methods. We consider the Keller approximation, the second-order Born approximation, and spatial homogenization to obtain theoretical values for the effective wave speed and attenuation (averaged over the realizations of the medium). Numerically, we computed the first and second statistical moments of the wave field over many thousands of realizations of the medium (finite-amplitude sound-speed perturbations are limited to a 30 Mm band and have a zero mean). Results. The effective wave speed is reduced for both the theories and the simulations. The attenuation of the coherent wave field and the wave speed are best described by the Keller theory. The numerical simulations reveal the presence of coda waves, trailing the ballistic wave packet. These late arrival waves are due to multiple scattering and are easily seen in the second moment of the wave field. Conclusions. We find that the effective wave speed can be calculated, numerically and theoretically, using a single snapshot of the random medium (frozen medium); however, the attenuation is underestimated in the frozen medium compared to the time-dependent medium. Multiple scattering cannot be ignored when modeling acoustic wave propagation through solar granulation.

scholarly journals Study of Absorption Loss Effects on Acoustic Wave Propagation in Shallow Water Using Different Empirical Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yasin Yousif Al-Alaboosi ◽  
Jenan Abdulkhalq Al-Aboosi
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Underwater Acoustic Communication ◽  
Ocean Water ◽  
Absorption Loss ◽  
Acoustic Wave Propagation ◽  
Underwater Acoustic ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Target Locating

<p><span lang="EN-US">Efficient underwater acoustic communication and target locating systems require detailed study of acoustic wave propagation in the sea. Many investigators have studied the absorption of acoustic waves in ocean water and formulated empirical equations such as Thorp’s formula, Schulkin and Marsh model and Fisher and Simmons formula. The Fisher and Simmons formula found the effect associated with the relaxation of boric acid on absorption and provided a more detailed form of absorption coefficient which varies with frequency. However, no simulation model has made for the underwater acoustic propagation using these models. This paper reports the comparative study of acoustic wave absorption carried out by means of modeling in MATLAB. The results of simulation have been evaluated using measured data collected at Desaru beach on the eastern shore of Johor in Malaysia. The model has been used to determine sound absorption for given values of depth (D), salinity (S), temperature (T), pH, and acoustic wave transmitter frequency (f). From the results a suitable range, depth and frequency can be found to obtain best propagation link with low absorption loss.</span></p>

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