scholarly journals GNSS Spoofing Detection Based on Coupled Visual/Inertial/GNSS Navigation System

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 6769
Author(s):  
Nianzu Gu ◽  
Fei Xing ◽  
Zheng You
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Spoofing Detection ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Spoofing attacks are one of the severest threats for global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs). This kind of attack can damage the navigation systems of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) and other unmanned vehicles (UVs), which are highly dependent on GNSSs. A novel method for GNSS spoofing detection based on a coupled visual/inertial/GNSS positioning algorithm is proposed in this paper. Visual inertial odometry (VIO) has high accuracy for state estimation in the short term and is a good supplement for GNSSs. Coupled VIO/GNSS navigation systems are, unfortunately, also vulnerable when the GNSS is subject to spoofing attacks. The method proposed in this article involves monitoring the deviation between the VIO and GNSS under an optimization framework. A modified Chi-square test triggers the spoofing alarm when the detection factors become abnormal. After spoofing detection, the optimal estimation algorithm is modified to prevent it being deceived by the spoofed GNSS data and to enable it to carry on positioning. The performance of the proposed spoofing detection method is evaluated through a real-world visual/inertial/GNSS dataset and a real GNSS spoofing attack experiment. The results indicate that the proposed method works well even when the deviation caused by spoofing is small, which proves the efficiency of the method.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Implementation of GNSS into Gliding

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Tomáš Kubáč ◽  
Jakub Hospodka
Keyword(s):  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Global Navigation ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Global Navigation Systems ◽  
Usage Preference ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Wide Usage

Global navigation satellite systems are increasingly part of our lives and many industries including aviation. Glider flying is no exception in this trend. Global navigation satellite systems were part of gliding since the early 1990s. First as official recording devices for simple evidence of sporting performances, then as navigation systems, anti-collision systems and emergency location transmitters. Development of recording application was initiated and supported by International Gliding Commission of World Air Sports Federation in way of certifications for flight recorders. The use of navigation and other modern instruments in gliders has brought many benefits but also risks. However, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages and these systems are now integral part of gliding. With this wide usage of global navigation satellite systems devices, there is great many possibilities how and in which way one can use these systems. Pilots must orient themselves in varied selection of products, which they can use to choose one solution, that fits him. Therefore, to find out how and if pilots use these devices, we created questionnaire survey among 143 Czech glider pilots. We found out, that 84% of them are using global navigation satellite systems devices for official record of flight and for navigation as well. More than half of pilots is using free, not built-in devices. Most common devices are mobile phones up to 5 inches of screen diagonal in combination with approved flight recorder without display. If pilots use mobile device for navigation, 52% of them is using one with Windows Mobile operating system, 33% use Android. Navigational software on these mobile devices is then almost tied between SeeYou Mobile, XCSoar and LK8000. Knowledge about usage preference of global navigation systems devices should help pilots with selection and overall orientation in subject.

scholarly journals Kalman Filter-Based RAIM for Reliable Aircraft Positioning with GPS and NavIC Constellations

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6606
Author(s):  
Susmita Bhattacharyya ◽  
Dinesh Mute
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Vector Tracking ◽  
Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Computational Resources

This paper presents a novel Kalman filter (KF)-based receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) algorithm for reliable aircraft positioning with global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). The presented method overcomes major limitations of the authors’ previous work, and uses two GNSS, namely, Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) of India and the Global Positioning System (GPS). The algorithm is developed in the range domain and compared with two existing approaches—one each for the weighted least squares navigation filter and KF. Extensive simulations were carried out for an unmanned aircraft flight path over the Indian sub-continent for validation of the new approach. Although both existing methods outperform the new one, the work is significant for the following reasons. KF is an integral part of advanced navigation systems that can address frequent loss of GNSS signals (e.g., vector tracking and multi-sensor integration). Developing KF RAIM algorithms is essential to ensuring their reliability. KF solution separation (or position domain) RAIM offers good performance at the cost of high computational load. Presented range domain KF RAIM, on the other hand, offers satisfactory performance to a certain extent, eliminating a major issue of growing position error bounds over time. It requires moderate computational resources, and hence, shows promise for real-time implementations in avionics. Simulation results also indicate that addition of NavIC alongside GPS can substantially improve RAIM performance, particularly in poor geometries.

An Innovative Approach for Atmospheric Error Mitigation Using New GNSS Signals

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (S1) ◽  
pp. S211-S232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Zeynep Elmas ◽  
Chris Hill ◽  
Marcio Aquino ◽  
Terry Moore
Keyword(s):  
High Accuracy ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Tropospheric Delay ◽  
Atmospheric Effects ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Error Mitigation ◽  
Satellite Navigation Systems ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

New signals from the modernised satellite navigation systems (GPS and GLONASS) and the ones that are being developed (COMPASS and GALILEO) will present opportunities for more accurate and reliable positioning solutions. Successful exploitation of these new signals will also enable the development of new markets and applications for difficult environments where the current Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) cannot provide satisfying solutions. This research is aiming to exploit the improvement in monitoring, modelling and mitigating the atmospheric effects using the increased number of signals from the future satellite systems. Preliminary investigations were conducted on the numerical weather parameter based horizontal tropospheric delay modelling, as well as the ionospheric higher order and scintillation effects. Results from this research are expected to provide a potential supplement to high accuracy positioning techniques.

scholarly journals GNSS-based Orbital Filter for Earth Moon Transfer Orbits

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Capuano ◽  
Francesco Basile ◽  
Cyril Botteron ◽  
Pierre- André Farine
Keyword(s):  
Model Simulation ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Transfer Orbits ◽  
Low Earth Orbits ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Navigation Accuracy ◽  
Earth Orbits ◽  
Gnss Observations

Numerous applications, not only Earth-based, but also space-based, have strengthened the interest of the international scientific community in using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) as navigation systems for space missions that require good accuracy and low operating costs. Indeed, already successfully used in Low Earth Orbits (LEOs), GNSS-based navigation systems can maximise the autonomy of a spacecraft while reducing the burden and the costs of ground operations. That is why GNSS is also attractive for applications in higher Earth orbits up to the Moon, such as in Moon Transfer Orbits (MTOs). However, the higher the altitude the receiver is above the GNSS constellations, the poorer and the weaker are the relative geometry and the received signal powers, respectively, leading to a significant navigation accuracy reduction. In order to improve the achievable GNSS performance in MTOs, we consider in this paper an adaptive orbital filter that fuses the GNSS observations with an orbital forces model. Simulation results show a navigation accuracy significantly higher than that attainable individually by a standalone GNSS receiver or by means of a pure orbital propagation.

The Potential Impact of GNSS/INS Integration on Maritime Navigation

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Moore ◽  
Chris Hill ◽  
Andy Norris ◽  
Chris Hide ◽  
David Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Inertial Navigation Systems ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Maritime Navigation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
The Impact

A version of this paper was presented at ENC-GNSS 2007, Geneva. Its reproduction was kindly authorised by the ENC-GNSS 07 Paper Selection Committee.The General Lighthouse Authorities of the UK & Ireland commissioned an assessment of the impact that the integration of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) with Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) would have on the aids to navigation (AtoN) services currently provided, and those to be provided in the future. There is concern about the vulnerability of GNSS, and the provision of complementary and backup systems is seen to be of great importance. The integration of INS could provide an independent and self-contained navigation system, for a limited time period, invulnerable to external intentional or unintentional interference, or the influences of changes in national policies. The study included an analysis of the potential use of GNSS-INS in three of the four phases of a vessel's voyage: coastal, port approach and docking. The project consisted of a technology assessment, looking at the different inertial technologies that might be suitable for each phase. This was followed by a technology proving stage, evaluating suitable equipment using simulation and field trials to prove that the claimed performance could be achieved in practice. The final stage of the project was to assess the effects of the availability of such systems on existing and planned aids to navigation services.

scholarly journals Prospective directions for the development of microwave frequency standards for satellite navigation systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2086 (1) ◽  
pp. 012073
Author(s):  
Ding Wang ◽  
V V Davydov ◽  
V Yu Rud
Keyword(s):  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Microwave Frequency ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Frequency Standards ◽  
Global Navigation ◽  
Satellite Navigation Systems ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Abstract The state of essential various quantum standards of GNSS frequencies for today are collected and presented, the results of analysis in the direction of modernization of time synchronization systems in global navigation satellite systems are presented. The most perspective directions of modernization of global navigation satellite systems are mentioned – the development of new atomic clocks on the mercury ions -199. The data on experimental satellite gives encouraging results.

scholarly journals Applying Neural Networks in Aerial Vehicle Guidance to Simplify Navigation Systems

Algorithms ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Raúl de Celis ◽  
Pablo Solano ◽  
Luis Cadarso
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Space Vehicles ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Gravity Vector ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

The Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) of air and space vehicles has been one of the spearheads of research in the aerospace field in recent times. Using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and inertial navigation systems, accuracy may be detached from range. However, these sensor-based GNC systems may cause significant errors in determining attitude and position. These effects can be ameliorated using additional sensors, independent of cumulative errors. The quadrant photodetector semiactive laser is a good candidate for such a purpose. However, GNC systems’ development and construction costs are high. Reducing costs, while maintaining safety and accuracy standards, is key for development in aerospace engineering. Advanced algorithms for getting such standards while eliminating sensors are cornerstone. The development and application of machine learning techniques to GNC poses an innovative path for reducing complexity and costs. Here, a new nonlinear hybridization algorithm, which is based on neural networks, to estimate the gravity vector is presented. Using a neural network means that once it is trained, the physical-mathematical foundations of flight are not relevant; it is the network that returns dynamics to be fed to the GNC algorithm. The gravity vector, which can be accurately predicted, is used to determine vehicle attitude without calling for gyroscopes. Nonlinear simulations based on real flight dynamics are used to train the neural networks. Then, the approach is tested and simulated together with a GNC system. Monte Carlo analysis is conducted to determine performance when uncertainty arises. Simulation results prove that the performance of the presented approach is robust and precise in a six-degree-of-freedom simulation environment.

scholarly journals Drones and global navigation satellite systems: current evidence from polar scientists

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 191494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Global Navigation ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Aerial unmanned vehicles, so-called drones, present a paradigm shift away from the long-term use by scientists of manned aeroplanes and helicopters. This is evident from the number of research articles that focus on data obtained with drones. This article examines the use of aerial drones for scientific research in cryospheric regions, especially Antarctica and the Arctic. Specifically, it aims to provide insights into the choices and performance of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) use for drones, including augmentation systems. Data on drone GNSS navigation and positioning in the context of scientific polar research have been scarce. Drone survey data obtained from polar scientists in April 2019 is the first representative sample from this close-knit global community across the specialisms of climatology, ecology, geology, geomorphology, geophysics and oceanography. The survey results derived from 16 countries revealed that 14.71% of scientists used GALILEO, 27.94% used GLONASS and 45.59% used GPS. Many used a combination of two or more GNSS. Multiple regression analysis showed that there is no strong relationship between a specific pattern of GNSS augmentation and greater positioning accuracy. Further polar drone studies should assess the effects of phase scintillation on all GNSS, therefore BEIDOU, GALILEO, GLONASS and GPS.

Impact of Decorrelation on Success Rate Bounds of Ambiguity Estimation

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Yanming Feng ◽  
Jiming Guo ◽  
Charles Wang
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Ambiguity Resolution ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Integer Estimation ◽  
Ambiguity Estimation ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Reliability is an important performance measure of navigation systems and this is particularly true in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). GNSS positioning techniques can achieve centimetre-level accuracy which is promising in navigation applications, but can suffer from the risk of failure in ambiguity resolution. Success rate is used to measure the reliability of ambiguity resolution and is also critical in integrity monitoring, but it is not always easy to calculate. Alternatively, success rate bounds serve as more practical ways to assess the ambiguity resolution reliability. Meanwhile, a transformation procedure called decorrelation has been widely used to accelerate ambiguity estimations. In this study, the methodologies of bounding integer estimation success rates and the effect of decorrelation on these success rate bounds are examined based on simulation. Numerical results indicate decorrelation can make most success rate bounds tighter, but some bounds are invariant or have their performance degraded after decorrelation. This study gives a better understanding of success rate bounds and helps to incorporate decorrelation procedures in success rate bounding calculations.

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