scholarly journals A Decentralized Fuzzy Rule-Based Approach for Computing Topological Relations between Spatial Dynamic Continuous Phenomena with Vague Boundaries Using Sensor Data

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 6840
Author(s):  
Roger Cesarié Ntankouo Ntankouo Njila ◽  
Mir Abolfazl Mostafavi ◽  
Jean Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Fuzzy Rule ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Dynamic Phenomena

Sensor networks (SN) are increasingly used for the observation and monitoring of spatiotemporal phenomena and their dynamics such as pollution, noise and forest fires. In multisensory systems, a sensor node may be equipped with different sensing units to observe and detect several spatiotemporal phenomena at the same time. Simultaneous detection of different phenomena can be used to infer their spatial interactions over space and time. For this purpose, decentralized spatial computing approaches have shown their potential for effective reasoning on spatial phenomena within a sensor network. However, in most cases, spatial extents of continuous dynamic phenomena are uncertain, and their relations and interactions cannot be inferred by the existing approaches at the sensor node level. To address this limitation, in this paper, we propose and develop a decentralized fuzzy rule-based spatial reasoning approach to depict the spatial relations that hold between two evolving spatial phenomena with fuzzy boundaries. The proposed method benefits from a more adapted fuzzy-crisp representation of dynamic phenomena observed by SN where each vague phenomenon is composed of five distinguished zones including the kernel, conjecture and exterior zone and their boundaries. For each detected phenomenon, a sensor node will report one of these zones based on its location. Aggregation of the information reported from the sensor nodes allows reasoning on spatial relations between the observed phenomena and their evolution. Such spatial information provides users with more valuable near real-time information on the state of different phenomena that can be used for informed decision-making.

FUZZY RULE-BASED ENHANCING KEY DISSEMINATION METHOD FOR THE DYNAMIC FILTERING-BASED SENSOR NETWORKS

2007 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 273-280
Author(s):  
BYUNG HEE KIM ◽  
HAE YOUNG LEE ◽  
TAE HO CHO
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Fuzzy Rule ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Detection Power ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
Dynamic Filtering

A secure mechanism is needed to use sensor nodes in real world, since we cannot anticipate attack types. Yu and Guan proposed the dynamic en-route filtering scheme (DEF) to detect and drop false reports as soon as possible in wireless sensor networks. In this scheme, the choice of a threshold value to diffuse keys is important since it represents a trade-off between detection power and overhead. A large threshold value can increase the probability of detecting false reports but it consumes too much energy during the key dissemination phase. Thus, we should choose a threshold value to optimize between the detection power and energy consumption. In this paper we propose a key dissemination limiting method to diffuse keys efficiently. The threshold value in the proposed method is determined by a fuzzy rule-based system by considering the energy level of the network, the number of secret keys in a cluster, and the distance from the base station (BS) to a cluster head. The simulation results show that the proposed method can conserve energy, while it provides sufficient detection power.

Estimating which Object Type a Sensor Node is Attached to in Ubiquitous Sensor Environment

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Maekawa ◽  
Yutaka Yanagisawa ◽  
Takeshi Okadome
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
State Transition ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Object Type ◽  
Transition Diagram ◽  
State Transition Diagram ◽  
Physical Objects

By simply attaching sensor nodes to physical objects with no information about the objects, the method proposed in this article infers the type of the physical indoor objects and the states they are in. Assuming that an object has its own states that have transitions represented by a state transition diagram, we prepare the state transition diagrams for such indoor objects as a door, a drawer, a chair, and a locker. The method determines the presumed state transition diagram from prepared diagrams that matches sensor data collected from people’s daily living for a certain period. A 2 week experiment shows that the method achieves high accuracy of inferring objects to which sensor nodes are attached. The method allows us to introduce ubiquitous sensor environments by simply attaching sensor nodes to physical objects around us.

Estimating which Object Type a Sensor Node is Attached to in Ubiquitous Sensor Environment

2012 ◽  
pp. 404-417
Author(s):  
Takuya Maekawa ◽  
Yutaka Yanagisawa ◽  
Takeshi Okadome
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
State Transition ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Object Type ◽  
Transition Diagram ◽  
State Transition Diagram ◽  
Physical Objects

By simply attaching sensor nodes to physical objects with no information about the objects, the method proposed in this paper infers the type of the physical indoor objects and the states they are in. Assuming that an object has its own states that have transitions represented by a state transition diagram, we prepare the state transition diagrams for such indoor objects as a door, a drawer, a chair, and a locker. The method determines the presumed state transition diagram from prepared diagrams that matches sensor data collected from people’s daily living for a certain period. A 2 week experiment shows that the method achieves high accuracy of inferring objects to which sensor nodes are attached. The method allows us to introduce ubiquitous sensor environments by simply attaching sensor nodes to physical objects around us.

scholarly journals BATS: Adaptive Ultra Low Power Sensor Network for Animal Tracking

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Duda ◽  
Thorsten Nowak ◽  
Markus Hartmann ◽  
Michael Schadhauser ◽  
Björn  Cassens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Software Infrastructure ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Node Network

In this paper, the BATS project is presented, which aims to track the behavior of bats via an ultra-low power wireless sensor network. An overview about the whole project and its parts like sensor node design, tracking grid and software infrastructure is given and the evaluation of the project is shown. The BATS project includes a lightweight sensor node that is attached to bats and combines multiple features. Communication among sensor nodes allows tracking of bat encounters. Flight trajectories of individual tagged bats can be recorded at high spatial and temporal resolution by a ground node grid. To increase the communication range, the BATS project implemented a long-range telemetry system to still receive sensor data outside the standard ground node network. The whole system is designed with the common goal of ultra-low energy consumption while still maintaining optimal measurement results. To this end, the system is designed in a flexible way and is able to adapt its functionality according to the current situation. In this way, it uses the energy available on the sensor node as efficient as possible.

scholarly journals Developing Actor-Based Middleware as Collector System for Sensor Data in Internet of Things (IoT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Primantara Hari Trisnawan ◽  
Fariz Andri Bakhtiar ◽  
Eko Sakti Pramukantoro
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Communication Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Collector System ◽  
Data Formats ◽  
Use Of Internet

The use of Internet of Things (IoT) plays an important role in supporting wireless communication for middleware in collecting data sensors. An actor-based middleware is designed to bridge protocol differences between cloud and sensor nodes. This middleware also acts as an initiator in accessing data from several sensor nodes, and then sending data that has been collected to the cloud. Incorporating the differences of communication protocols and data formats between sensor nodes and cloud is the responsibility of middleware. This Middleware acts as an actor by acting proactively accessing data from each sensor node, so that it can facilitate the completion of sending data from the sensor node to the middleware by avoiding from "signal collisions” among sensor nodes. After the data is collected in the middleware, the data is sent to the cloud using the Websocket or HTTP protocol above the TCP / IP protocol. The performance of the system is evaluated based on the success of the middleware bridging communication between sensor nodes and the cloud, as well as the readability of IoT data sensors that have been adjusted by cloud. The test results show that built-in middleware can bridge protocols between cloud and sensor nodes. In addition, the Websocket usage protocol produces a lower delay value than the MQTT and CoAP protocols.

scholarly journals Real Time Sensor Data transmission to the IoT Applications using MQTT-SN and MQTT

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6371-6378
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Application Protocols

Internet of Things (IoT) Technology rapidly growing area and active research happening in different Layers of Internet protocol stacks. IOT stack have Physical layer& Data Link layer, Network Layer, Transport layer and Application layer protocols and Applications. Now IOT has many applications like Smart cities, Smart Homes, Environmental monitoring, Agricultural Application and Medical data transmission from remote places to expert Hospital. Numbers of IOT Application Protocols (MQTT, MQTT-SN, COAP, XMPP, and HTPP) are available and implemented in rich resource Environments like good computing power and bandwidth. However all Application protocols are not suitable under lossy wireless sensor network environment. In IOT Environment consists of Sensor Nodes, End Systems and related applications. Latency and bandwidth problems exist between sensor node and End Systems in two tier IOT Environment. To resolve this issue, we proposed Three Tier IOT Architecture; it consists of Sensor Node, IOT Gateway /Fog Computing Node, End Systems and Applications. In this paper we proposed flexible design, development and integration of IOT gateway for different IOT applications using MQTT and MQTT-SN Application Messaging Protocols.

Open Lorawan Sensor Node Architecture for Agriculture Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Bolte ◽  
Ulf Witkowski ◽  
Rolf Morgenstern
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Node ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Wireless Sensor Node ◽  
Wireless Data ◽  
Wireless Data Transmission ◽  
Power Battery ◽  
New Sensors

In agriculture, it becomes more and more important to have detailed data, e.g. about weather and soil quality, not only in large scale classic crop farming applications but also for urban agriculture. This paper proposes a modular wireless sensor node that can be used in a centralized data acquisition scenario. A centralized approach, in this case multiple sensor nodes and a single gateway or a set of gateways, can be easily installed even without local infrastructure as mains supply. The sensor node integrates a LoRaWAN radio module that allows long-range wireless data transmission and low-power battery operation for several months at reasonable module costs. The developed wireless sensor node is an open system with focus on easy adaption to new sensors and applications. The proposed system is evaluated in terms of transmission range, battery runtime and sensor data accuracy.

A FUZZY DISSIMILARITY FUNCTION FOR REGION BASED SEGMENTATION OF COLOR IMAGES

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 255-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. MAKROGIANNIS ◽  
G. ECONOMOU ◽  
S. FOTOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Fuzzy Rule ◽  
Color Images ◽  
Cost Functions ◽  
Distinct Region ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Segmentation Task ◽  
Local Spatial Information ◽  
Dissimilarity Function

In this paper a novel Fuzzy Rule Based Dissimilarity Function is presented, to determine the hierarchical merging sequence in a region based segmentation scheme. The proposed technique, based on distinct region features and fuzzy logic principles, is designed to cope with the problems inherent in the segmentation task that the traditional merging cost functions cannot overcome. It combines the global (color) and local (spatial) information of the image to compare two adjacent regions in the rgb space. The validity of the approach has been subjectively and objectively verified for several types of color images such as head and shoulders, natural and texture images.

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