scholarly journals Inquiry Into the Temperature Changes of Rock Massif Used in Energy Production in Relation to Season

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7027
Author(s):  
Martin Klempa ◽  
Jan Latal ◽  
Barbora Grafova ◽  
Michal Matloch Porzer ◽  
Mojmir Vrtek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Significant Temperature ◽  
Research Facilities

This research was undertaken to perform and evaluate the temperature measurement in the ground utilized as an energy source with the goal to determine whether significant temperature variations occur in the subsurface during the heating season. The research infrastructure situated on our University campus was used to assess any variations. The observations were made at the so called “Small Research Polygon” that consists of 8 monitoring boreholes (Borehole Heat Exchangers) situated around a borehole used as an energy source. During the heating season, a series of monthly measurements are made in the monitoring boreholes using a distributed temperature system (DTS). Raman back-scattered light is analysed using Optical Frequency Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR). Our results indicate that no noticeable changes in temperature occur during the heating season. We have observed an influence of long-term variations of the atmospheric conditions up to the depth of a conventional BHE (≈100 m). The resulting uncertainty in related design input parameters (ground thermal conductivity) was evaluated by using a heat production simulation. Production data during one heating season at our research facilities were evaluated against the design of the system. It is possible to construct smaller geothermal installations with appropriate BHE design that will have a minimal impact on the temperature of the surrounding rock mass and the system performance.

scholarly journals  Analysis of rock mass borehole temperatures with vertical heat exchanger

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Adamovský ◽  
L. Mašek ◽  
P. Neuberger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Vertical Heat ◽  
Borehole Temperatures

The goal of the article is to analyze the distribution and changes of temperatures in boreholes with the rock mass/fluid tubular heat exchangers used as an energy source for the heat pump. It also aims at documenting changes of temperatures in the rock mass during stagnation and heat extraction, and to compare the temperatures in the active and referential borehole. The testing results showed that temperatures of the rock mass reached a minimal value of 1.3°C at depths of 9 m and 20 m with maximal heat extraction corresponding to minimal air temperatures. The temperatures of the rock mass increased near the end of the heating season to values which correspond to the initial values. The temperature differences of the rock mass between the reference borehole and active boreholes increased to up to 10.5 K during the heating season. However, the temperature differences at the end of the heating season between the reference and active boreholes dropped back to 0.5–1.1 K.  

Cl- regulates cryoglobulin structure: a new hypothesis for the physiopathological mechanism of temperature non-dependent cryoprecipitation

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Di Stasio ◽  
Patrizia Bizzarri ◽  
Milvia Casato ◽  
Antonio Galtieri ◽  
Massimo Fiorilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanism ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Significant Temperature ◽  
Neoplastic Disorders ◽  
New Hypothesis

AbstractCryoglobulins are pathological cold-precipitable immunoglobulins associated with a number of infectious, autoimmune and neoplastic disorders. Patients, when exposed to low temperatures, show symptoms related to intravascular precipitation of such immunoglobulins. The formation of cryoaggregates induced by exposure to cold temperature is the key pathogenetic mechanism. The subsequent intravascular precipitation can account for some clinical signs of peripheral vasculitis, but fails to explain the precipitation of cryoglobulins in regions where no significant temperature changes take place. We studied, in vitro, the activity of different ions on temperature-dependent aggregation of cryoglobulins and found that the concentration of Cl

scholarly journals Infrared Thermal Imaging for Evaluation of Clubfoot After the Ponseti Casting Method—An Exploratory Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balasankar Ganesan ◽  
Joanne Yip ◽  
Ameersing Luximon ◽  
Paul J. Gibbons ◽  
Alison Chivers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Thermal Images ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Significant Temperature ◽  
Casting Pressure

Background: Conservative treatment, Ponseti method, has been considered as a standard method to correct the clubfoot deformity among Orthopedic society. Although the result of conservative methods have been reported with higher success rates than surgical methods, many more problems have been reported due to improper casting, casting pressure or bracing discomfort. Nowadays, infrared thermography (IRT) is widely used as a diagnostic tool to assess musculoskeletal disorders or injuries by detecting temperature abnormalities. Similarly, the foot skin temperature evaluation can be added along with the current subjective evaluation to predict if there is any casting pressure, excessive manipulation, or overcorrections of the foot, and other bracing pressure-related complications.Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to explore the foot skin temperature changes before and after using of manipulation and weekly castings.Methods: This is an explorative study design. Infrared Thermography (IRT), E33 FLIR thermal imaging camera model, was used to collect the thermal images of the clubfoot before and after casting intervention. A total of 120 thermal images (Medial region of the foot–24, Lateral side of the foot–24, Dorsal side of the foot−24, Plantar side of the foot−24, and Heel area of the foot–24) were collected from the selected regions of the clubfoot.Results: The results of univariate statistical analysis showed that significant temperature changes in some regions of the foot after casting, especially, at the 2nd (M = 32.05°C, SD = 0.77, p = 0.05), 3rd (M = 31.61, SD = 1.11; 95% CI: 31.27–31.96; p = 0.00), and 6th week of evaluation on the lateral side of the foot (M = 31.15°C, SD = 1.59; 95% CI: 30.75–31.54, p = 0.000). There was no significant temperature changes throughout the weekly casting in the medial side of the foot. In the heel side of the foot, significant temperature changes were noticed after the third and fourth weeks of casting.Conclusion: This study found that a decreased foot skin temperature on the dorsal and lateral side of the foot at the 6th week of thermography evaluation. The finding of this study suggest that the infrared thermography (IRT) might be useful as an adjunct assessment tool to evaluate the thermophysiological changes, which can be used to predict the complications caused by improper casting, over manipulative or stretching and casting-pressure related complications.

scholarly journals Application of GIS on Research of Horizontal Refraction in Polygonometry on Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Abdusali Suyunov ◽  
Shukhrat Suyunov ◽  
Olim Urokov
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Horizontal Angle ◽  
Special Places ◽  
Significant Temperature ◽  
Horizontal Refraction ◽  
Application Of Gis

The article examines the influence of refraction on the results of measuring the horizontal angle in special places. In the conditions of the hot and arid climate of Uzbekistan in the polygonometric network of river banks, according to the results of field experiments, the new version of the developed methodology of the GIS makes it possible to increase the accuracy of measuring horizontal angles and lengths of lines. Significant temperature changes along the water and the coast, on rocks, in the upper layers of sand-concrete pavements are also explained by the properties of the heat and radiation balance.

STANDARD TEMPERATURE MONITORING FAILS TO RECOGNIZE SIGNIFICANT TEMPERATURE CHANGES: A STUDY OF 332 TRAUMA PATIENTS.

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. A60
Author(s):  
Lemuel R Waitman ◽  
Patrick R Norris ◽  
Asli Ozdas ◽  
William P Riordan ◽  
Judith M Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Monitoring ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Standard Temperature ◽  
Significant Temperature

scholarly journals Comparison of retrieved Noctilucent cloud particle properties from Odin tomography scans and model simulations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Megner ◽  
Ole M. Christensen ◽  
Bodil Karlsson ◽  
Susanne Benze ◽  
Victor I. Fomichev
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Noctilucent Cloud ◽  
Remote Imaging ◽  
Satellite Retrieval ◽  
Cloud Properties

Abstract. Mesospheric ice particles, known as Noctilucent clouds or Polar Mesospheric Clouds, have long been observed by rocket instruments and satellites, while models have been used to simulate ice particle growth and cloud properties. However, the fact that different measurement techniques are sensitive to different parts of the ice particle distribution makes it difficult to compare retrieved parameters such as ice particle radius or particle number density from different experiments. In this work we investigate the accuracy of satellite retrieval based on scattered light and how this affects derived cloud properties. We run the retrieval algorithm on modelled cloud distributions and compare the results to the properties of the original distributions. We find that ice mass density is accurately retrieved whereas mean radius often is overestimated and high number densities generally are underestimated. The reason is that the retrieval algorithm assumes a Gaussian size distribution, whereas the modelled size distributions often are multimodal. Once we know the limits of the satellite retrieval we proceed to compare the properties retrieved from the modelled cloud distributions to those observed by the Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System (OSIRIS) instrument on the Odin satellite. We find that a model with a stationary atmosphere, as given by average atmospheric conditions, does not yield cloud properties that are in agreement with the observations, whereas a model with realistic temperature and vertical wind variations does. This indicates that average atmospheric conditions are insufficient to understand the process of Noctilucent cloud growth and that a realistic atmospheric variability is crucial for cloud formation and growth. Further, the agreement between results from the model – when set up with a realistically variable atmosphere – and the observations suggests that our understanding of the growth process itself is reasonable.

Forecasting a meteorological indicator of pollutant dispersion in surface air

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 131-149
Author(s):  
I.N. Kuznetsova ◽  
◽  
Yu.V. Tkacheva ◽  
I.Yu. Shalygina ◽  
M.I. Nakhaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollutant Dispersion ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Probabilistic Forecasting ◽  
Pollution Dispersion ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Accumulation Of Pollutants

An improved algorithm for calculating a meteorological indicator of pollution dispersion in surface air (MIPD) using the COSMO-Ru7 configuration forecast data with a discreteness of 1 hour is presented. Using the MIPD as a function of the transport rate and thermal stratification in the atmospheric boundary layer, precipitation and advective temperature changes, the entire range of atmospheric conditions affecting the dispersion of pollutants is divided into three types: weak (the first type), moderate (the second type), and strong (the third type) dispersion. The worst conditions for the pollutant dispersion are provided by the MIPD of the first type; the set of meteorological parameters that determines it corresponds to adverse weather conditions (AWC) that contribute to the accumulation of pollutants in surface air. The proposed detailing within each type of MIPD in the form of subtypes can be useful for predicting AWC for single sources. Illustrations of the MIPD connection with fluctuations in the level of air pollution during the AWC episodes are given using automated measurements of pollutant concentration and fixed network measurements. An algorithm for the probabilistic forecasting of the MIPD, that allows taking into account the uncertainty of the forecast when issuing AWC warnings, is proposed and implemented. Keywords: meteorological conditions of air pollution, adverse weather conditions, numerical prediction

The Dutch research infrastructure EPOS-NL: Access to Earth scientific research facilities and data 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Pijnenburg ◽  
Susanne Laumann ◽  
Richard Wessels ◽  
Geertje ter Maat ◽  
Lora Armstrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Research Infrastructure ◽  
Develop World ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Groningen Gas Field ◽  
Research Facilities

<p>In response to the growing geo-societal challenges of our densely populated planet, current research frequently requires convergence of multiple research disciplines, and optimized use of openly available data, research facilities and funds. Such optimization is the main aim of many research infrastructures developing both at the national and international level. In the Netherlands, the European Plate Observing System – Netherlands (EPOS-NL) was formed, as the Dutch research infrastructure for solid Earth sciences. EPOS-NL aims to further develop world-class facilities for research into georesources and hazards, and to provide international access to these facilities and derived data. It is a partnership between Utrecht University, Delft University of Technology and the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) and is funded by the Dutch Research Council. EPOS-NL facilities include: 1) The Earth Simulation Lab at Utrecht University, 2) The Groningen gas field seismological network and the ORFEUS Data Center at KNMI, 3) The deep geothermal doublet (DAPwell), to be installed on the Delft university campus, and 4) A distributed facility for multi-scale imaging and tomography (MINT), shared between the Utrecht and Delft universities. EPOS-NL provides financial, technical and scientific support for access to these facilities. To get facility access, researchers can apply to a bi-annual call, with 2021 calls planned in Q1 and Q3. EPOS-NL further works with researchers, data centers and industry to provide access to essential data and models (e.g. pertaining to the seismogenic Groningen gas field) within the framework of the European infrastructure EPOS, conforming to FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. In that way, EPOS-NL contributes directly to a globally developing trend to make research facilities and data openly accessible to the international community. This supports cost-effective and multi-disciplinary research into the geo-societal challenges faced by our densely populated planet. See www.EPOS-NL.nl for more information.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Meteorological Conditions and Building Location on CO2 Concentration in the University Campus

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Cichowicz ◽  
Grzegorz Wielgosiński
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Seasonal Impact ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The University

Abstract The quality of atmospheric air and the level of its pollution is inextricably linked with the development of humanity. Its prevalence and the lack of any natural protective barriers causes that it becomes a recipient of increasingly large amounts of different types of pollutants. This is particularly dangerous in the areas where both meteorological conditions and type of building prevent the spread of pollution. By using a portable gas micro-chromatograph it is possible to observe and analyze a seasonal impact of building density on carbon dioxide concentration and the effect of atmospheric conditions on CO2 level in the air in a specified area.

scholarly journals Role of sublimation and riming in the precipitation distribution in the Kananaskis Valley, Alberta, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 4097-4111
Author(s):  
Émilie Poirier ◽  
Julie M. Thériault ◽  
Maud Leriche
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Vertical Shear ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Phase Precipitation ◽  
Surface Evolution ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Surface Precipitation ◽  
Ice Phase

Abstract. The phase of precipitation and its distribution at the surface can affect water resources and the regional water cycle of a region. A field project was held in March–April 2015 on the eastern slope of the Canadian Rockies to document precipitation characteristics and associated atmospheric conditions. During the project, 60 % of the particles documented were rimed in relatively warm and dry conditions. Rain–snow transitions also occurred aloft and at the surface in sub-saturated conditions. Ice-phase precipitation falling through a saturated atmospheric layer with temperatures > 0 ∘C will start melting. In contrast, if the melting layer is sub-saturated, the ice-phase precipitation undergoes sublimation, which increases the depth of the rain–snow transition. In this context, this study investigates the role of sublimation and riming in precipitation intensity and type reaching the surface in the Kananaskis Valley, Alberta, during March–April 2015. To address this, a set of numerical simulations of an event of mixed precipitation observed at the surface was conducted. This event on 31 March 2015 was documented with a set of devices at the main observation site (Kananaskis Emergency Services, KES), including a precipitation gauge, disdrometer, and micro rain radar. Sensitivity experiments were performed to assess the impacts of temperature changes from sublimation and the role of the production of graupel (riming) aloft in the surface precipitation evolution. A warmer environment associated with no temperature changes from sublimation leads to a peak in the intensity of graupel at the surface. When the formation of graupel is not considered, the maximum snowfall rate occurred at later times. Results suggest that unrimed snow reaching the surface is formed on the western flank and is advected eastward. In contrast, graupel would form aloft in the Kananaskis Valley. The cooling from sublimation and melting by rimed particles increases the vertical shear near KES. Overall, this study illustrated that the presence of graupel influenced the surface evolution of precipitation type in the valley due to the horizontal transport of precipitation particles.

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