Optische Schmelzbadüberwachung*/Optical monitoring of the melting bath in an Al-melting furnace

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 760-766
Author(s):  
S. Mohammadifard ◽  
J. Langner ◽  
M. Stonis ◽  
S. Sauke ◽  
H. Larki Harchegani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Bath Surface ◽  
Optical Monitoring ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Height Change ◽  
First Time ◽  
Contact Sensors ◽  
Holding Temperature

In einem Aluminium (Al)-Schmelzofen sind der Füllstand des Schmelzbades und die Oxidschichtmenge mit Kontaktsensoren nicht überwachbar, da das Schmelzbad aufgrund der hohen Haltebereich-Temperaturen von über 600 °C nicht zugänglich ist. Deshalb wird ein Online-Überwachungssystem des Aluminium-Schmelzbades mithilfe optischer Sensoren erforscht. Dafür wird das Schmelzbad mit geeigneten optischen Messsystemen identifiziert. Schließlich werden durch Bildanalyse-Algorithmen die Höhenänderung der Schmelze herausgearbeitet. Zudem werden Oxidschichten im Ofen auf der Badoberfläche mithilfe der Algorithmen detektiert.   The melt level and oxide layer quantity in an aluminum melting furnace cannot be monitored by contact sensors, since the melting bath is not accessible due to the high holding temperature (above 600 °C). Therefore, the method of monitoring the melting bath by means of optical sensors is investigated for the first time. For this purpose, suitable optical measuring systems can be applied which will be able to record the melting bath. The height change of the melt is to be elaborated by means of image analysis and any oxide layer on the bath surface is to be detected.

Optische Schmelzüberwachung*/Optical monitoring of the melting process in an Al-melting furnace

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 738-742
Author(s):  
B.-A. Prof. Behrens ◽  
H. Semrau ◽  
S.-O. Sauke ◽  
H. Larki Harchegani ◽  
S. Mohammadifard
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Optical Monitoring ◽  
Residual Aluminum ◽  
Material State ◽  
Contact Sensors

Durch die hohen Ofentemperaturen ist der Schmelzvorgang in einem Aluminiumschmelzofen nicht durch berührende Sensoren überwachbar. Daher erforscht das IFUM die Überwachung des Schmelzvorgangs mit einem optischen Messsystem, welches die Schmelzbrücke trotz rotglühender Ofenwände aufnehmen kann. Danach arbeitet eine softwaregestützte Bildanalyse der Aufnahmen die Zustände während des Schmelzvorgangs oder die Höhenänderungen des Aluminiums heraus und detektiert Schmelzreste im Ofen auf der Schmelzbrücke, um das mit großen Energieverlusten behaftete Öffnen der Ofentür zur Ermittlung des Restaluminiums im Ofen weitestgehend zu vermeiden.   The melting process in a furnace cannot be monitored by contact sensors due to the high temperatures. Thus, the IFUM investigates a method for monitoring the melting process by optical sensors. An optical measuring system will monitor the fuse bridge despite the red-hot furnace walls. Next, the material state during the melting process or the change in height of the aluminum block is elaborated by an image analysis of the recordings to detect any melt residues on the fuse bridge. Thus, the opening of the furnace door to determine the amount of residual aluminum, which always causes high energy losses, can largely be avoided.

Deformation of the Aluminum Bath Surface in an Induction Melting Furnace

2015 ◽  
pp. 999-1004
Author(s):  
Akshay Bansal ◽  
Pierre Chapelle ◽  
Yves Delannoy ◽  
Emmanuel Waz ◽  
Pierre Le Brun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Bath Surface ◽  
Induction Melting

Deformation of the Aluminum Bath Surface in an Induction Melting Furnace

2015 ◽  
pp. 997-1004
Author(s):  
Akshay Bansal ◽  
Pierre Chapelle ◽  
Yves Delannoy ◽  
Emmanuel Waz ◽  
Pierre Le Brun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Bath Surface ◽  
Induction Melting

scholarly journals New Instrumented Trolleys and A Procedure for Automatic 3D Optical Inspection of Railways

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2927
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Valigi ◽  
Silvia Logozzo ◽  
Enrico Meli ◽  
Andrea Rindi
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Software Inspection ◽  
Damage Evaluation ◽  
Optical Scanners ◽  
Optical Scanning ◽  
Optical Inspection ◽  
Wear Evaluation ◽  
Automated Software ◽  
Contact Sensors

This paper focuses on new instrumented trolleys, allowing automated 3D inspection of railway infrastructures, using optical scanning principles and devices for defects and damage evaluation. Inspection of rolling components is crucial for wear evaluation and to schedule maintenance interventions to assure safety. Currently, inspection trolleys are mainly instrumented with 2D contact or optical sensors. The application of 3D non-contact digitizers proposed in this paper allows for a quick and more complete monitoring of the health conditions of railways, also in combination with a proper procedure for automatic 3D inspection. The results of the experimental tests using 3D portable optical scanners on railways are compared with results obtained by a trolley instrumented with 2D contact sensors. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the trolleys mounting 3D handheld optical digitizers with proper automated software inspection procedures.

Condensed [Ru4Sn6] Units in the Stannides LnRu4Sn6 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd) - Synthesis, Structure, and Chemical Bonding

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 863-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus F. Zumdick ◽  
Rainer Pöttgen
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Structural Motif ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gadolinium Compound

The stannides LnRu4Sn6 (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd) were prepared by reaction of the elements in an arc-melting furnace and subsequent annealing at 1120 K. The praseodymium, the neodymium, and the samarium stannide were obtained for the first time. The LnRu4Sn6 stannides were investigated by X-ray diffraction both on powders and single crystals. They adopt the YRu4Sn6 type structure which was refined from single crystal X-ray data for the samarium and the gadolinium compound: I4̄2m, a = 686.1 (1), c = 977.7(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0649, 483 F2 values for SmRu4Sn6, and a = 685.2(1), c = 977.6(3) pm, wR2 = 0.0629, 554 F2 values for GdRu4Sn6 with 19 variables for each refinement. The striking structural motif of these stannides are distorted RuSn6 octahedra with Ru-Sn distances ranging from 257 to 278 pm. Four of such octahedra are condensed via common edges and faces forming [Ru4Sn6] units which are packed in a tetragonal body-centered arrangement. The rare-earth atoms fill the voids between the [Ru4Sn6] units. Based on an extended Hückel calculation, strong bonding interactions were found for the Ru-Sn and the various Sn-Sn contacts.

Performance Comparison of InAs Based DG-MOSFET with Respect to SiO2 and Gate Stack Configuration

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-424
Author(s):  
Sanjit K. Swain ◽  
Sudhansu M. Biswal ◽  
Satish K. Das ◽  
Sarosij Adak ◽  
Biswajit Baral
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Cutoff Frequency ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Oxide Material ◽  
Gate Stack ◽  
Time Gate ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tcad Simulations

Objective:: In this proposed work, the Analog, RF and Linearity performances of a DGMOSFET have been analyzed by considering InAs as a channel material. Methods: For the very first time, gate stack techniques in this device have been incorporated and a comparative analysis is conducted with respect to SiO2 oxide layer. The variations in different patterns of oxide layer and their comparison have been thoroughly investigated to have a better understanding of various performance parameters. A thorough analysis of the key figure-of-merits such as trans-conductance factor, transconductance generation factor (TGF), gate capacitance, cutoff frequency (fT), maximum frequency of oscillation (fmax), GBW and various linearity parameters such as gm2, gm3,VIP2, VIP3, IIP3, has been studied with respect to SiO2 oxide material and gate stack technology. Result:: The simulation results revealed that the performances of the device are sensitive to both the oxide materials and it was also inferred that gate stack technology gave a better performance over SiO2 oxide layer. Conclusion:: These results have significant effects in analog, RF and linearity operations. In this work, computer aided design (TCAD) simulations by 2D ATLAS, Silvaco International have been used.

scholarly journals Ion-Selective Optical Sensors: A New Look at Well-Established Techniques of Signal Acquisition

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Kalinichev ◽  
Maria Peshkova ◽  
Nadezhda Pokhvishcheva ◽  
Konstantin Mikhelson
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Sensor Arrays ◽  
Analysis Time ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Color Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Color Scale ◽  
Calibration Free ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
First Time

It is demonstrated for the first time that the registration of the optode signal under non-equilibrium conditions reduces analysis time and shifts the sensor working range. The fabrication of optode-like color standards for digital color analysis (DCA) is described, and a multi-parameter color scale for calibration-free sensor arrays is proposed. Advantages and limitations of monochrome and color camera for DCA with colorimetric optodes are discussed.

β-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets: an effective sensing platform for constructing nucleic acid-based optical sensors

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (35) ◽  
pp. 7426-7432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhou ◽  
Junbin Peng ◽  
Xinlan Qiu ◽  
Yansha Gao ◽  
Limin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Short Oligonucleotide ◽  
Sensing Platform ◽  
First Time ◽  
Differential Affinity

We report for the first time that β-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets can exhibit differential affinity toward short oligonucleotide fragment versus ssDNA probe and the absorbed DNA can also be desorbed by degrading the β-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets.

Condensed [PtIn3/3] and [PtIn6/6] Units as Structural Motifs in ScPtln, TbPtln, and HoPtln

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1025-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav V. Galadzhun ◽  
Vasyl' I. Zaremba ◽  
Holger Piotrowski ◽  
Peter Mayer ◽  
Rolf-Dieter Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Structural Motifs ◽  
Variable Parameters ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
P Type ◽  
First Time

The ternary indides ScPtln, TbPtln, and HoPtln were synthesized by reaction of the elements in an arc-melting furnace and subsequent annealing for four weeks. ScPtln and HoPtln are reported here for the first time. The three indides crystallize with the hexagonal ZrNiAl structure, a ternary ordered version of the Fe2P type, space group P6̄2m. Single crystal X-ray data yielded a = 754.6(1), c = 348.31(8) pm, wR2 = 0.0390, 177 F2 values for ScPtln, a = 759.3(1), c = 387.6(1) pm, wR2 = 0.0576, 183 F2 values for TbPtln, and a = 758.13(1), c = 381.62(1) pm, wR2 = 0.0530, 239 F2 values for HoPtln with 14 variable parameters for each refinement. Striking structural motifs of these intermetallics are short Pt-In distances (270 - 286 pm) within the three-dimensional [Ptln] polyanions which are composed of Pt(2)In6 trigonal prisms and trigonal planar P t(l)In3 units. The platinum-indium substructure of ScPtln is discussed in comparison with the various platinum-indium networks in the structures of Ptln2, Pt3In7, SrPtln, Sr2Pt3ln4, SrPtIn2, LaPtIn3, and PtIn7Fi3.

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