Systematic Approach for Remote Sensing of Historical Conflict Landscapes with UAV-Based Laserscanning

In order to locate historical traces, drone-based Laserscanning has become increasingly popular in archaeological prospection and historical conflict landscapes research. The low resolution of aircraft-based Laserscanning is not suitable for small-scale detailed analysis so that high-resolution UAV-based LiDAR data are required. However, many of the existing studies lack a systematic approach to UAV-LiDAR data acquisition and point cloud filtering. We use this methodology to detect anthropogenic terrain anomalies. In this study, we systematically investigated different influencing factors on UAV-LiDAR data acquisition. The flight parameters speed and altitude above ground were systematically varied. In addition, different vegetation cover and seasonal acquisition times were compared, and we evaluated three different types of filter algorithms to separate ground from non-ground. It could be seen from our experiments that for the detection of subsurface anomalies in treeless open terrain, higher flight speeds like 6m/s were feasible. Regarding the flight altitude, we recommend an altitude of 50–75m above ground. At higher flight altitudes of 100–120m above ground, there is the risk that terrain characteristics smaller than 50cm will be missed. Areas covered with deciduous forest should only be surveyed during leaf-off season. In the presence of low-level vegetation (small bushes and shrubs with a height of up to 2m), it turned out that the morphological filter was the most suitable. In tree-covered areas with total absence of near ground vegetation, however, the choice of filter algorithm plays only a subordinate role, especially during winter where the resulting ground point densities have a percentage deviation of less than 6% from each other.

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A guide to LIDAR data acquisition and processing for the forests of the Pacific Northwest.

10.2737/pnw-gtr-768 ◽

2008 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Demetrios Gatziolis ◽

Hans-Erik. Andersen

Keyword(s):

Data Acquisition ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Lidar Data ◽

The Pacific ◽

Data Acquisition And Processing

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Integrating Participatory Data Acquisition and Modelling of Irrigation Strategies to Enhance Water Productivity in a Small‐Scale Irrigation Scheme in Tigray, Ethiopia

Irrigation and Drainage ◽

10.1002/ird.2235 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (S1) ◽

pp. 23-37

Author(s):

Solomon Habtu ◽

Teklu Erkossa ◽

Jochen Froebrich ◽

Filmon Tquabo ◽

Degol Fissehaye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Acquisition ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Small Scale ◽

Irrigation Scheme ◽

Small Scale Irrigation

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Improvement of web-based data acquisition and management system for GOSAT validation lidar data analysis

10.1117/12.2003921 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Hiroshi Okumura ◽

Shoichiro Takubo ◽

Takeru Kawasaki ◽

Indra Nugraha Abdullah ◽

Osamu Uchino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Data Acquisition ◽

Management System ◽

Lidar Data ◽

Web Based

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Complex Approach to Conceptual Design of Machine Mechanically Extracting Oil fromJatropha curcasL. Seeds for Biomass-Based Fuel Production

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/7631458 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ivan Mašín ◽

Michal Petrů

Keyword(s):

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Systematic Approach ◽

Labour Productivity ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

Production Costs ◽

Small Scale ◽

Efficient Manner ◽

Technical Problems ◽

Complex Approach ◽

Small Scale Farmers

One of important sources of biomass-based fuel isJatropha curcasL. Great attention is paid to the biofuel produced from the oil extracted from theJatropha curcasL. seeds. A mechanised extraction is the most efficient and feasible method for oil extraction for small-scale farmers but there is a need to extract oil in more efficient manner which would increase the labour productivity, decrease production costs, and increase benefits of small-scale farmers. On the other hand innovators should be aware that further machines development is possible only when applying the systematic approach and design methodology in all stages of engineering design. Systematic approach in this case means that designers and development engineers rigorously apply scientific knowledge, integrate different constraints and user priorities, carefully plan product and activities, and systematically solve technical problems. This paper therefore deals with the complex approach to design specification determining that can bring new innovative concepts to design of mechanical machines for oil extraction. The presented case study as the main part of the paper is focused on new concept of screw of machine mechanically extracting oil fromJatropha curcasL. seeds.

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LO.CO.MO.DIA: Low Cost Monitoring for Diagnostic Purposes of a Small Scale CHP Plant

10.1115/imece2000-1342 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Fantozzi ◽

Umberto Desideri

Keyword(s):

Data Acquisition ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Low Cost ◽

Small Scale ◽

Combustion Engines ◽

Performance Indexes ◽

Data Acquisition Board ◽

Set Up ◽

The University ◽

Maintenance Personnel

Abstract Small scale Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) powered Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants are economically convenient when availability and efficiencies are above specified limits. Nevertheless these plants are often run without a monitoring device capable of data storing and trending and of performance evaluation. This paper describes the setting up of a powerful low-cost monitoring system for the CHP plant that powers the School of Engineering of the University of Perugia. Data acquisition is performed by interfacing a Personal Computer (PC) to existing control panels via, serial port, and to a data acquisition board for those variables that are not measured by existing devices. Performance indexes are then calculated via software. Alarms and controls are stored as well to set up a database for diagnostic purposes. The monitoring itself has already shown its troubleshooting capability in interface to maintenance personnel: history trending of variables speeds up the phase of failure identification because it eliminates those possibilities that are negated by cross referencing values of different variables.

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Long-term evaluation of cover crops on soil and runoff losses under trafficked conditions in olive orchards

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-606 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jose Alfonso Gomez ◽

Gema Guzman

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Soil Management ◽

Ground Vegetation ◽

Small Scale ◽

Erosion Processes ◽

Runoff Losses ◽

Hillslope Scale ◽

Soil Losses ◽

Runoff Plots

Maintenance of ground cover vegetation in olive orchards has been shown to reduce soil and runoff losses as compared to bare soil. However, extrapolation of its impact at hillslope scale under different conditions still challenging for several reasons. One is the limited duration of available experiments, usually shorter than 3 years, which can&#180;t capture the annual variability in precipitation typical of Mediterranean type of climate. A second reason is the small scale in which many experiments are carried out, which do not capture all the relevant erosion processes at hillslope scale. A third reason, hardly discussed, is the use of the runoff plots that limits traffic resulting in conditions that might not be fully representative of actual orchards.&#160;For evaluating the effect of temporary cover crops on water erosion processes in olives at hillslope scale, runoff and soil losses have been monitored from 2008 to 2019 in La Conchuela. This is an olive farm located in Southern Spain, where average annual precipitation is 655 mm, on Typic Haploxerert (clay content > 50%). Six runoff plots (14x24 m) delimited by steel beams on concrete foundation were established in a 13.4 % slope, containing 3 rows of 4 trees. This allows normal farm operations. Since 2008-2009, two soil management systems, conventional tillage (CT) and temporary cover crops (CC), were tested. In the two CT plots ground vegetation was controlled by 2-3chisel ploughing passes during the year. CC in the other four plots consisted of sowing manually in mid Fall a grass or a mix with grasses every 1 to 3 years without disturbing the soil surface, been mowed in early Spring. The aim of this cover crop was to be grown up spontaneously from seed produced the previous year. Weeds along the tree rows are controlled by herbicides in both cases.No significant differences were detected (p < 0.05) for the whole period, although CC showed lower runoff and soil losses values. Runoff data ranged from 157.7 &#177; 61.2 to 144.5 &#177; 46.4 mm, and soil losses varied from 24.3 &#177; 9.1 to 16.4 &#177; 7.0 t&#183;ha-1 at the CT and CC treatments respectively. The lack of statistical differences can be explained by the large variability recorded in the measurements at the six plots, especially at the CC due to the specific weather and traffic conditions. Our experiment shows how in a crop, olives, subject to intense traffic during the harvesting season (happening in late fall or early winter, rainy season) and in an orchard on heavy soils, maintenance of a good cover crop is challenging in many years. Our results call for caution when extrapolating the benefits of cover crops in olives from the experimental plots to real world conditions. It also highlights the need for improved soil management under these conditions (e.g. controlled traffic, combination with inert mulch, &#8230;) to improve soil and water conservation in intensively cultivated olive orchards in heavy soils.&#160;

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Mapping shallow water bubbling reefs – a method comparison between topobathymetric lidar and multibeam echosounder

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-15899 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mikkel Skovgaard Andersen ◽

Lars Øbro Hansen ◽

Zyad Al-Hamdani ◽

Signe Schilling Hansen ◽

Manfred Niederwieser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shallow Water ◽

Habitat Type ◽

High Energy ◽

Survey Method ◽

Sidescan Sonar ◽

Small Scale ◽

Lidar Data ◽

Multibeam Echosounder ◽

Full Coverage ◽

Spatial Coverage

Bubbling reefs are submarine structures formed by aggregating carbonate resulting from leaking gases. The reef formations can form pillars rising several meters above the sea floor. They support a high diversity of benthic communities, and in the EU Habitat Directive they are specifically mentioned as a natural habitat type that require conservation.Knowledge about the presence, locations and shape of bubbling reefs are usually obtained by geophysical surveying using multibeam echosounder (MBES), sidescan sonar and/or seismic acquisition systems, combined with ground truth verification. However, this traditional survey method is time consuming, especially for full coverage surveys in shallow water. Full coverage surveys are a requirement to capture the bubbling reefs due to their relatively small spatial extent. Besides, traditional geophysical vessel borne surveys have their limitations in shallow water due to low spatial coverage and vessel draft.In recent years, airborne topobathymetric (green wavelength) lidar has emerged as a new possible surveying method in shallow water (e.g. Andersen et al., 2017). Compared to vessel borne MBES, full coverage lidar surveys can be conducted within hours instead of days/weeks, while also including full coverage in the shallow water and a seamless transition between land and water. Thus, topobathymetric lidar may be a good choice for carrying out full coverage surveys in large shallow water areas. However, the accuracy and the resolution of the collected dataset are important in these surveys, not least when mapping small scale features such as bubbling reefs.In this study, we investigated the potential of mapping bubbling reefs in shallow water (<10 m) using topobathymetric lidar. The main objective was to assess the performance of airborne topobathymetric lidar to detect and resolve small scale objects, i.e. bubbling reefs, by comparison to MBES data. Both MBES and lidar data were acquired in spring 2019 in a designated Natura 2000 area close to Hirsholmene in the northern Kattegat region in Denmark. The comparison of the two datasets included a quantification of the accuracy, and an assessment of the performance for mapping bubbling reefs.&#160;Reference:Andersen M.S., Gergely A., Al-Hamdani Z., Steinbacher F., Larsen L.R., Ernstsen V.B. (2017). Processing and performance of topobathymetric lidar data for geomorphometric and morphological classification in a high-energy tidal environment. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 21: 43-63, DOI:&#160;10.5194/hess-21-43-2017.

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