scholarly journals ECE Program Supports and Teacher-Perceived Support from Families: Are They Connected?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Natalie Schock ◽  
Lieny Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Family Involvement ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Family Engagement ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Early Care

According to the Conservation of Resources theory of stress, early care and education (ECE) teachers who receive greater tangible and interpersonal supports from their workplaces will be more positive and effective in their roles. This may translate to them perceiving or eliciting greater support from families, which is a key component to family engagement, a growing area of study in the ECE landscape. This study explores whether four program-level supports (benefits, professional development supports, teacher social supports, program-level family involvement activities) are associated with teacher-perceived support from families. The hypothesis was that all four will be positively associated. This study uses survey data from 102 preschool teachers and 13 preschool program directors in urban areas of two US states. We use ordinary least squares regression with cluster-robust standard errors and a stepwise build-up modeling procedure to determine associations between independent and dependent variables. While teacher social supports had the expected positive association with teacher-perceived support from families, family involvement activities were negatively associated. Our findings suggest that programs looking to improve family engagement may consider interpersonal/cultural supports for teachers and the larger school community. All else equal, simply offering more family involvement activities may not improve engagement culture.

scholarly journals The Role of Maternal Relationship in the Persisting Effect of Combat Exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn C Carr ◽  
Miles G Taylor ◽  
Alex Meyer ◽  
Natalie J Sachs-Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Combat Exposure ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Male Veterans ◽  
Maternal Relationship

Abstract Background and Objectives The veteran population is aging. Combat exposure is associated with negative health and psychological outcomes in some, but not all veterans; others even appear to experience gains. One mechanism driving these varied responses might be early life relationships. This study investigated the extent to which the quality of early maternal relationships influences the association between combat exposures and life satisfaction (LS) among older male veterans. Research Design and Methods Data were drawn from a pooled sample of male veterans in the Health and Retirement Study who completed the 2013 Veteran Mail Survey (N = 1,160). We used ordinary least squares regression to examine the association between combat exposures (with and without exposure to death) and LS, and the moderating effect of maternal relationship quality on this association. Results We found a significant positive association between maternal relationship quality and LS, and a significant association of combat that was dependent on maternal relationship quality. Specifically, combat-exposed veterans with poor maternal relationship quality reported lower LS, whereas combat-exposed veterans with high relationship quality reported higher LS—relative to their noncombat-exposed counterparts. The effects of exposure to death of hazardous toxins did not mediate or moderate this relationship. Discussion and Implications Findings indicate that maternal relationships had a lasting influence on whether combat contributed to a positive, negative, or neutral long-term effect on wellbeing. Findings support previous studies that suggest early life factors may play an important role in the fostering of resilient health outcomes over the life course. Implications for preventative strategies in soldiers are discussed.

scholarly journals Family Firms And Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Preliminary Evidence From The French Stock Market

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issam Laguir ◽  
Jamal Elbaz
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Corporate Social Performance ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Corporate Social

This paper examines the CSR practices of family firms listed in the French financial market and distinguishes between those managed by a family member CEO and those managed by a competent external CEO. We adopt an exploratory approach and begin with a content analysis of the annual reports from family firms listed in the CAC 40 index during the 2005-2011 period. We then conduct various statistical techniques (e.g., Pearson correlation analysis and ordinary least squares regression analysis) to study the relationships among social performance and family involvement. This paper is the first to provide a preliminary assessment of French family firms CSR practices in the current economic context. The study suggests that family firms intensify their CSR efforts during the 2005-2011 period. Our study also reveals that family firms managed by competent external CEOs show better social performance than those managed by family member CEOs. Indeed, the empirical results consistently show a negative and statistically significant association between family involvement and corporate social performance.

Applying a Home-Based Approach to the Understanding Distribution of Economic Impacts of Traffic Crashes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (12) ◽  
pp. 360-371
Author(s):  
Amin Mohamadi Hezaveh ◽  
Christopher R. Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Spatial Error ◽  
Home Address ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive

The current practice of road safety attributes traffic crash costs to the location of traffic crashes. Therefore it is challenging to estimate the economic cost of traffic crashes and individuals who are more prone to the burden of traffic crashes. To address this limitation, this study used the home address of individuals who were involved in traffic crashes in the Knoxville Regional Travel Model (KRTM) region between 2015 and 2016. After geocoding the home addresses, 110,312 individuals were assigned to the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) corresponding to their home address and the economic cost of traffic crashes per capita (ECCPC) was calculated for each TAZ. The average ECCPC in the study area was $1,250. The KRTM output was used for extracting travel behavior data elements for modeling ECCPC at the zonal level. This study also established an index to measure average zonal activity in the transportation system for each TAZ. Analysis indicates that the burden of traffic crashes was more tangible in the TAZs with lower-income households and higher average zonal activities. To account for spatial autocorrelation, a Spatial Autoregressive model (SAR) and a spatial error model (SEM) were used. The SAR model was more suitable compared with SEM and ordinary least squares regression. Findings indicate that average zonal activity and traffic exposure have a significant positive association with ECCPC. The ECCPC could be used as an index for allocating proper countermeasures and interventions to groups and areas where the burden of traffic crashes is more tangible.

scholarly journals Parenthood and depression: is childlessness similar to sonlessness among Chinese seniors?

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 2097-2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAJA DJUNDEVA ◽  
TOM EMERY ◽  
PEARL A. DYKSTRA
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Parental Status ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Gender Preferences ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTWe investigate how the mental health of older adults (60–85) is associated with childlessness and sonlessness in China, where gender-biased filial expectations and strong son preference exist. The China Family Panel Study (2012, N = 6,021) and ordinary least squares regression models are used to investigate the relationship between depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression scale) and parental status, distinguishing between childless, parents of both sons and daughters, parents of only sons and parents of only daughters. Arguing that modernisation shapes gender preferences for children as well as formal care and pension provisions for older adults, we find a sharp rural–urban divide in the relationship between parental status and depression. Just having a son is not what matters as the best faring groups are parents who have both sons and daughters, regardless of the number of children. Rural childless and sonless are similar, whereas in urban areas parental status is not so salient, supporting modernisation theory.

Wear in Retrieved Charnley Acetabular Sockets

1996 ◽  
Vol 210 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Hall ◽  
A Unsworth ◽  
P Siney ◽  
B M Wroblewski
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Initial Penetration ◽  
Strong Positive Association

One hundred and twenty-nine Charnley acetabular components were acquired at the time of revision surgery and a tribological investigation undertaken. The relative occurrence of pitting in the unworn and worn regions of the sockets suggest that most of the cement ingress occurs during the early part of the service life. The penetration depth of the explanted sockets was determined using the shadowgraph technique. Observation of the profiles in the wear planes suggest that, in general, the creep component was not a significant proportion of the overall change in the inner bore of the socket. Using weighted ordinary least squares regression, in which the intercept was not assumed to be zero, mean penetration and wear volume rates of 0.20 (SE = 0.02) mm/year and 55 (SE = 5) mm3/year, respectively, were recorded and are in agreement with other retrieval studies. In neither case was the intercept found to be significantly different from zero. A mean clinical wear factor, kclinical, equal to 2.1 (SE = 0.2) × 10-6 mm3/N m was calculated which is considerably larger than that found in laboratory experiments which purport to reflect in vivo conditions. In this analysis, a significant positive intercept was observed [96 (SE = 36) mm3] and may be evidence of the small initial penetration due to creep reported in simulator experiments. A strong positive association between kclinical and the arithmetical mean roughness, Ra, of the femoral head was also demonstrated although the rate of change was not as great as that cited for laboratory experiments.

scholarly journals Effect of socioeconomic characteristics and lifestyle on BMI distribution in the Chinese population: a population-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihua Wang ◽  
Lin Qiu ◽  
Rina Sa ◽  
Shaonong Dang ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics

Abstract Background Body mass index (BMI) is an accepted measurement that is widely used to quantify overweight and obesity at the population level. Previous studies have described the distribution variation of BMI through applying common statistical approaches, such as multiple linear or logistic regression analyses. This study proposed that associations between BMI and socioeconomic characteristics, diet, and lifestyle factors varied across the conditional BMI distribution. Methods This study was based on a sample of 10,023 Chinese adults who participated in the monitoring of chronic diseases and associated risk factors in Shaanxi Province, Northwest China, in 2013. Cross-quantile factors were observed in the relationships between major risk factors and BMI through quantile regression (QR) and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. Results Participants’ mean BMI was 24.19 ± 3.51 kg/m2 (range 14.33–52.82 kg/m2). The QR results showed that living in urban areas was associated with BMI in the low and central quantiles (10th–60th). Participants with 6–9 years of education were 0.23–0.38 BMI units higher in the first half of the BMI quantiles compared with those with ≤6 years of education. There was a positive association between consumption of red meat and BMI; however, the association diminished from the 10th to the 50th quantile. Intake of oil and alcohol were positively associated with all BMI quantiles. Cigarette smoking per day was negatively associated with BMI, which showed a U-shaped distribution. The above results were also observed in the OLS. Conclusion This study implies that in addition to socioeconomic characteristics, limiting oil and alcohol intake may decrease BMI score. Consuming more red meat could be a strategy to increase BMI.

scholarly journals Tone disclosure and financial performance: evidence from Egypt

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa Aly ◽  
Sherif El-Halaby ◽  
Khaled Hussainey
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Good News ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to examine the extent to which financial performance (FP) represents one of the main determinants for tone disclosure (TD) in Egyptian annual reports. The authors also measure the bidirectional relationship between TD and FP. Design/methodology/approach The manual content analysis is used to measure the levels of TD in annual reports for a sample of 105 firms listed on the Egyptian stock market. The sample covers a three-year period (2011-2013). Findings The descriptive analysis in this paper shows that Egyptian firms disclose more good news than bad news. Therefore, the net news disclosure, or net variances, between good/bad is positive. The empirical analysis shows a positive association between the narrative disclosure of good/bad news and FP based on return on assets. The authors also find a highly significant association between the auditor, profitability, leverage, firm growth and financial reporting of good/bad news information. Finally, the results of the ordinary least squares regression show that the causality between the two endogenous variables runs from FP to TD. Thus, TD is determined by FP. Originality/value This study offers a novel contribution to disclosure studies by being the first study to examine TD in one of the developing countries.

scholarly journals The relationships that matter: social network site use and social wellbeing among older adults in the United States of America

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1826-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
REBECCA P. YU ◽  
RYAN J. MCCAMMON ◽  
NICOLE B. ELLISON ◽  
KENNETH M. LANGA
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Social Wellbeing ◽  
Nationally Representative

ABSTRACTAn increasing number of middle-aged and older Americans are using social network sites (SNSs), but little research has addressed how SNS use is associated with social wellbeing outcomes in this population. Using a nationally representative sample of 1,620 Americans older than 50 from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we examine the relationship between older adults’ SNS use and social wellbeing associated with non-kin and kin relations and explore how these associations vary by age. Results of ordinary least-squares regression analyses suggest that SNS use is positively associated with non-kin-related social wellbeing outcomes, including perceived support from friends (β = 0.13; p < 0.001; N = 460) and feelings of connectedness (β = 0.10; p < 0.001; N = 463). Regression models employing interaction terms of age and SNS use further reveal that SNS use contributes to feelings of connectedness to a greater extent as people age (β = 0.10; p < 0.001; N = 463). Of all kin-related social wellbeing outcomes, SNS use only predicts increased perceived support from children (β = 0.08; p < 0.05; N = 410), and age negatively shapes this relationship (β = −0.14; p < 0.001; N = 410). As older people engage with an increasingly smaller and narrower network with a greater proportion of kin contacts, our results suggest that SNS use may help older adults access differential social benefits throughout later life.

scholarly journals Audit fee discounting in the post-SOX environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 715-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin W. Hoffman ◽  
Albert L. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Audit Pricing ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Audit Fee

Purpose This paper aims to investigate whether the expected implementation of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX 404(b)) (the integrated audit requirement) caused auditors to discount their audit fees for non-accelerated filers in anticipation of expected increased future economic rents (DeAngelo, 1981) from those clients. Design/methodology/approach This paper predicts that auditors charged their non-accelerated filer clients lower audit fees during the years 2005-2007 (in anticipation of increased expected future economic rents from the implementation of the SOX 404(b) requirement) compared with the years 2010-2012 (when it had been determined that non-accelerated filers were permanently exempt from complying with SOX 404(b)). The authors use ordinary least squares regression analysis to examine whether audit fees increased significantly for non-accelerated filers after the permanent exemption announcement. Findings The results show a significant positive association between the exemption announcement and audit fees, supporting the theory that auditors discounted their audit fees for non-accelerated filers in the pre-exemption announcement period. This finding is robust when sensitivity tests are used. Practical implications The findings of audit fee discounting literature related to the post-SOX period are mixed. This study adds to this stream of literature by supporting the notion that audit fee discounting is being practiced post-SOX and is a potential unintended consequence of SOX 404 and the exemption. Thus, investors will be interested in the results of this paper when making their investment decisions with regard to non-accelerated filers. Social implications The results of this paper show that, even in the post-SOX environment, auditors will employ the use of audit fee discounting if a change in regulation incentivizes it. This commentary on the present state of the audit pricing market should be of interest to audit pricing policymakers. Originality/value This paper is one of the first to study audit fee discounting outside the realm of initial audit engagements.

The impact of technological innovation efficiency on firm growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Martínez-Alonso ◽  
María J. Martínez-Romero ◽  
Alfonso A. Rojo-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Family Involvement In Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer new insights regarding an issue that has attracted the interest of multitude academics and practitioners in business management and family firm literature: technological innovation (TI). Specifically, this study brings new knowledge regarding both the impact of TI efficiency on firm growth and the moderating role of family involvement in management on such relationship. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a matched-pairs design and an ordinary least squares regression analysis to examine a sample of 152 Spanish manufacturing firms. Findings First, the authors show that firms obtaining higher TI efficiency are also those that achieve superior growth. Second, the authors reveal that as family involvement in management increases, the positive effect that TI efficiency exerts on firm growth is strengthened. Practical implications This study suggests that family managers should essentially consider various aspects such as tacit knowledge, social capital and long-standing collaborations with stakeholders to reinforce the relationship between TI efficiency and firm growth. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that analyses the effect of TI efficiency on firm growth, as well as, when and to what extent family involvement in management influences the TI efficiency–growth relationship. Thus, this paper provides a deeper understanding of the importance that family managers could have on firm growth deriving from TI efficiency.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document