scholarly journals Peak Power Output Is Similarly Recovered After Three- and Five-Days’ Rest Following Sprint Interval Training in Young and Older Adults

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerbu Yasar ◽  
Susan Dewhurst ◽  
Lawrence D. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Training Programmes

(1) Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) exerts effects indicative of improved health in young and older populations. However, prescribing analogous training programmes is inappropriate, as recovery from HIIT is different between young and older individuals. Sprint interval training (SIT) is a derivative of HIIT but with shorter, maximal effort intervals. Prior to prescribing this mode of training, it is imperative to understand the recovery period to prevent residual fatigue affecting subsequent adaptations. (2) Methods: Nine older (6M/3F; mean age of 70 ± 8 years) and nine young (6M/3F; mean age of 24 ± 3 years) participants performed a baseline peak power output (PPO) test. Subsequently, two SIT sessions consisting of three repetitions of 20 s ‘all-out’ stationary cycling bouts interspersed by 3 minutes of self-paced recovery were performed. SIT sessions were followed by 3 days’ rest and 5 days’ rest on two separate occasions, in a randomised crossover design. PPO was measured again to determine whether recovery had been achieved after 3 days or after 5 days. (3) Results: Two-way repeated measure (age (older, young) × 3 time (baseline, 3 days, 5 days)) ANOVA revealed a large effect of age (p = 0.002, n2p = 0.460), with older participants having a lower PPO compared to young participants. A small effect of time (p = 0.702, n2p = 0.022), and a medium interaction between age and time (p = 0.098, n2p = 0.135) was observed. (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrates both young and older adults recover PPO following 3 and 5 days’ rest. As such, both groups could undertake SIT following three days of rest, without a reduction in PPO.

Muscle performance and enzymatic adaptations to sprint interval training

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 2138-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Duncan MacDougall ◽  
Audrey L. Hicks ◽  
Jay R. MacDonald ◽  
Robert S. McKelvie ◽  
Howard J. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Before And After

Our purpose was to examine the effects of sprint interval training on muscle glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activity and exercise performance. Twelve healthy men (22 ± 2 yr of age) underwent intense interval training on a cycle ergometer for 7 wk. Training consisted of 30-s maximum sprint efforts (Wingate protocol) interspersed by 2–4 min of recovery, performed three times per week. The program began with four intervals with 4 min of recovery per session in week 1 and progressed to 10 intervals with 2.5 min of recovery per session by week 7. Peak power output and total work over repeated maximal 30-s efforts and maximal oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 max) were measured before and after the training program. Needle biopsies were taken from vastus lateralis of nine subjects before and after the program and assayed for the maximal activity of hexokinase, total glycogen phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The training program resulted in significant increases in peak power output, total work over 30 s, andV˙o 2 max. Maximal enzyme activity of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase was also significantly ( P < 0.05) higher after training. It was concluded that relatively brief but intense sprint training can result in an increase in both glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activity, maximum short-term power output, andV˙o 2 max.

Reducing Anxiety and Anxiety Sensitivity With High-Intensity Interval Training in Adults With Asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 835-839
Author(s):  
Carley O’Neill ◽  
Shilpa Dogra
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
The Impact

Background: Low- and moderate-intensity exercise training has been shown to be effective for reducing general anxiety and anxiety sensitivity among adults with asthma. Exercise frequency and intensity have been shown to play an integral role in reducing anxiety sensitivity; however, less is known about the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on anxiety in adults with asthma. Methods: A 6-week HIIT intervention was conducted with adults with asthma. Participants completed HIIT (10% peak power output for 1 min, 90% peak power output for 1 min, repeated 10 times) 3 times per week on a cycle ergometer. Preintervention and postintervention assessments included the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 and the Body Sensations Questionnaire. Results: Total Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (PRE: 17.9 [11.8]; POST 12.4 [13], P = .002, Cohen d = 0.4, n = 20) and Body Sensations Questionnaire (PRE: 2.4 [1.0]; POST: 2.0 [0.8], P = .007, Cohen d = 0.3) improved from preintervention to postintervention. Conclusion: A 6-week HIIT intervention leads to improved anxiety among adults with asthma. Future research should determine the impact of HIIT among adults with asthma with clinical anxiety.

scholarly journals Characterizing the Heart Rate Response to the 4 × 4 Interval Exercise Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5103
Author(s):  
Justin J. Acala ◽  
Devyn Roche-Willis ◽  
Todd A. Astorino
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval

High intensity interval training is frequently implemented using the 4 × 4 protocol where four 4-min bouts are performed at heart rate (HR) between 85 and 95% HR max. This study identified the HR and power output response to the 4 × 4 protocol in 39 active men and women (age and VO2 max = 26.0 ± 6.1 years and 37.0 ± 5.4 mL/kg/min). Initially, participants completed incremental cycling to assess VO2 max, HR max, and peak power output (PPO). They subsequently completed the 4 × 4 protocol, during which HR and power output were monitored. Data showed that 12.9 ± 0.4 min of 16 min were spent between 85 and 95% HR max, with time spent significantly lower in interval 1 (2.7 ± 0.6 min) versus intervals 2–4 (3.4 ± 0.4 min, 3.4 ± 0.3 min, and 3.5 ± 0.3 min, d = 2.4–2.7). Power output was highest in interval 1 (75% PPO) and significantly declined in intervals 2–4 (63 to 54% PPO, d = 0.7–1.0). To enhance time spent between 85 and 95% HR max for persons with higher fitness, we recommend immediate allocation of supramaximal intensities in interval one.

Acute High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Tvent and Peak Power Output in Highly Trained Males

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Laursen ◽  
Michelle A. Blanchard ◽  
David G. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

This study examined the effects of four high-intensity interval-training (HIT) sessions performed over 2 weeks on peak volume of oxygen uptake [Formula: see text] the first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1, VT2) and peak power output (PPO) in highly trained cyclists. Fourteen highly trained male cyclists [Formula: see text] performed a ramped cycle test to determine [Formula: see text]VT1, VT2, and PPO. Subjects were divided equally into a HIT group and a control group. The HIT group performed four HIT sessions (20 × 60 s at PPO, 120 s recovery); the [Formula: see text] test was repeated < 1 wk after the HIT program. Control subjects maintained their regular training program and were reassessed under the same timeline. There was no change in [Formula: see text] for either group; however, the HIT group showed a significantly greater increase in VT1 (+22% vs. −3%), VT2 (+15% vs. −1%), and PPO (+4.3 vs. −4%) compared to controls (all P < .05). This study has demonstrated that HIT can improve VT1, VT2 and PPO, following only four HIT sessions in already highly trained cyclists. Key words: cycling, cyclists, heart rate, oxygen uptake, short-term training, ventilatory threshold

scholarly journals A 350-S Recovery Period Does Not Necessarily Allow Complete Recovery of Peak Power Output during Repeated Cycling Sprints

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryouta Matsuura ◽  
Hisayoshi Ogata ◽  
Takahiro Yunoki ◽  
Takuma Arimitsu ◽  
Takehide Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Repeated Cycling

scholarly journals The Effect of Prior Upper Body Exercise on Subsequent Wingate Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Clare Grant ◽  
Robert Robergs ◽  
Marianne Findlay Baird ◽  
Julien S. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Upper Body Exercise ◽  
Mean Power Output ◽  
Trial Participants

It has been reported previously that the upper body musculature is continually active during high intensity cycle ergometry. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of prior upper body exercise on subsequent Wingate (WAnT) performance. Eleven recreationally active males (20.8 ± 2.2 yrs; 77.7 ± 12.0 kg; 1.79 ± 0.04 m) completed two trials in a randomised order. In one trial participants completed2×30 s WAnT tests (WAnT1 and WAnT2) with a 6 min recovery period; in the other trial, this protocol was preceded with 4 sets of biceps curls to induce localised arm fatigue. Prior upper body exercise was found to have a statistically significant detrimental effect on peak power output (PPO) during WAnT1(P<0.05)but no effect was observed for mean power output (MPO)(P>0.05). Handgrip (HG) strength was also found to be significantly lower following the upper body exercise. These results demonstrate that the upper body is meaningfully involved in the generation of leg power during intense cycling.

scholarly journals Modified sprint interval training protocols. Part I. Physiological responses

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashim Islam ◽  
Logan K. Townsend ◽  
Tom J. Hazell
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Fat Utilization ◽  
Recovery Protocols

Adaptations to sprint interval training (SIT) are observed with brief (≤15-s) work bouts highlighting peak power generation as an important metabolic stimulus. This study examined the effects of manipulating SIT work bout and recovery period duration on energy expenditure (EE) during and postexercise, as well as postexercise fat oxidation rates. Nine active males completed a resting control session (CTRL) and 3 SIT sessions in randomized order: (i) 30:240 (4 × 30-s bouts, 240-s recovery); (ii) 15:120 (8 × 15-s bouts, 120-s recovery); (3) 5:40 (24 × 5-s bouts, 40-s recovery). Protocols were matched for the total duration of work (2 min) and recovery (16 min), as well as the work-to-recovery ratio (1:8 s). EE and fat oxidation rates were derived from gas exchange measured before, during, and for 3 h postexercise. All protocols increased EE versus CTRL (P < 0.001). Exercise EE was greater (P < 0.001) with 5:40 (209 kcal) versus both 15:120 (163 kcal) and 30:240 (138 kcal), while 15:120 was also greater (P < 0.001) than 30:240. Postexercise EE was greater (P = 0.014) with 15:120 (313 kcal) versus 5:40 (294 kcal), though both were similar (P > 0.077) to 30:240 (309 kcal). Postexercise fat oxidation was similar (P = 0.650) after 15:120 (0.104 g·min−1) and 30:240 (0.116 g·min−1) and both were greater (P < 0.030) than 5:40 (0.072 g·min−1) and CTRL (0.049 g·min−1). In conclusion, shorter SIT work bouts that target peak power generation increase exercise EE without compromising postexercise EE, though longer bouts promote greater postexercise fat utilization.

scholarly journals Effects of Sprint Interval Training at Different Altitudes on Cycling Performance at Sea-Level

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Warnier ◽  
Nicolas Benoit ◽  
Damien Naslain ◽  
Sophie Lambrecht ◽  
Marc Francaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Incremental Exercise ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Incremental Exercise Test ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Background: Benefits of sprint interval training performed in hypoxia (SIH) compared to normoxia (SIN) have been assessed by studies mostly conducted around 3000 m of simulated altitude. The present study aims to determine whether SIH at an altitude as high as 4000 m can elicit greater adaptations than the same training at 2000 m, 3000 m or sea-level. Methods: Thirty well-trained endurance male athletes (18–35 years old) participated in a six-week repeated sprint interval training program (30 s all-out sprint, 4 min 30 s recovery; 4–9 repetitions, 2 sessions/week) at sea-level (SL, n = 8), 2000 m (FiO2 16.7%, n = 8), 3000 m (FiO2 14.5%, n = 7) or 4000 m (FiO2 13.0%, n = 7). Aerobic and anaerobic exercise components were evaluated by an incremental exercise test, a 600 kJ time trial and a Wingate test before and after the training program. Results: After training, peak power output (PPO) during the incremental exercise test increased (~6%) without differences between groups. The lactate threshold assessed by Dmax increased at 2000 m (+14 ± 12 W) and 4000 m (+12 ± 11 W) but did not change at SL and 3000 m. Mean power during the Wingate test increased at SL, 2000 m and 4000 m, although peak power increased only at 4000 m (+38 ± 38 W). Conclusions: The present study indicates that SIH using 30 s sprints is as efficient as SIN for improving aerobic and anaerobic qualities. Additional benefits such as lactate-related adaptations were found only in SIH and Wingate peak power only increased at 4000 m. This finding is of particular interest for disciplines requiring high power output, such as in very explosive sports.

scholarly journals Sprint Interval Training Improves Aerobic and Anaerobic Power in Trained Female Futsal Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Beyranvand
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance

Background: Various sprint interval training (SIT) programs have been used with athletes from a wide range of sports to evaluate its effects on physiological and performance adaptations. However, information regarding the effect of a short period of SIT on physiological adaptations of trained female futsal players is limited. Objective: This study evaluated the influence of sport specific SIT on anaerobic power and aerobic power in trained female futsal players. Method: Several aspects of V̇O2max and Wingate-based power were measured after SIT program performed for 4 weeks. Following pre-test, 16 trained female futsal players (V̇O2max = 41.21 ± 3.35 ml.kg-1.min-1) were randomized to either an intense exercise training consisting of sets of 5×40 meter maximum sprint efforts interspersed by a 10-second rest between sprints (3,4,5,6 sets/session from 1st to 4th week respectively with 3 minutes of recovery between sets), performed two sessions a week over 4 weeks (n=8) or a usual training control group (n=8). Results: Significant (except as shown) improvements (p < 0.05) after SIT were seen in: V̇O2max (5.8%), vV̇O2max (6%), V̇O2/HR (6.5%), peak power output (PPO) (7.6%), and mean power output (MPO) (14.9%), but no significant change was found in Heart rate at V̇O2max. Also, no significant enhancement in mentioned variables was found in the CON group. Conclusion: Present results indicate 4 weeks of sprint interval training program with low volume is associated with improvements in V̇O2max, vV̇O2max, V̇O2/HR, PPO, and MPO in trained female futsal players. 

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