scholarly journals Sprint Interval Training Improves Aerobic and Anaerobic Power in Trained Female Futsal Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Beyranvand
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance

Background: Various sprint interval training (SIT) programs have been used with athletes from a wide range of sports to evaluate its effects on physiological and performance adaptations. However, information regarding the effect of a short period of SIT on physiological adaptations of trained female futsal players is limited. Objective: This study evaluated the influence of sport specific SIT on anaerobic power and aerobic power in trained female futsal players. Method: Several aspects of V̇O2max and Wingate-based power were measured after SIT program performed for 4 weeks. Following pre-test, 16 trained female futsal players (V̇O2max = 41.21 ± 3.35 ml.kg-1.min-1) were randomized to either an intense exercise training consisting of sets of 5×40 meter maximum sprint efforts interspersed by a 10-second rest between sprints (3,4,5,6 sets/session from 1st to 4th week respectively with 3 minutes of recovery between sets), performed two sessions a week over 4 weeks (n=8) or a usual training control group (n=8). Results: Significant (except as shown) improvements (p < 0.05) after SIT were seen in: V̇O2max (5.8%), vV̇O2max (6%), V̇O2/HR (6.5%), peak power output (PPO) (7.6%), and mean power output (MPO) (14.9%), but no significant change was found in Heart rate at V̇O2max. Also, no significant enhancement in mentioned variables was found in the CON group. Conclusion: Present results indicate 4 weeks of sprint interval training program with low volume is associated with improvements in V̇O2max, vV̇O2max, V̇O2/HR, PPO, and MPO in trained female futsal players. 

Muscle performance and enzymatic adaptations to sprint interval training

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 2138-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Duncan MacDougall ◽  
Audrey L. Hicks ◽  
Jay R. MacDonald ◽  
Robert S. McKelvie ◽  
Howard J. Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Before And After

Our purpose was to examine the effects of sprint interval training on muscle glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activity and exercise performance. Twelve healthy men (22 ± 2 yr of age) underwent intense interval training on a cycle ergometer for 7 wk. Training consisted of 30-s maximum sprint efforts (Wingate protocol) interspersed by 2–4 min of recovery, performed three times per week. The program began with four intervals with 4 min of recovery per session in week 1 and progressed to 10 intervals with 2.5 min of recovery per session by week 7. Peak power output and total work over repeated maximal 30-s efforts and maximal oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 max) were measured before and after the training program. Needle biopsies were taken from vastus lateralis of nine subjects before and after the program and assayed for the maximal activity of hexokinase, total glycogen phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The training program resulted in significant increases in peak power output, total work over 30 s, andV˙o 2 max. Maximal enzyme activity of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase was also significantly ( P < 0.05) higher after training. It was concluded that relatively brief but intense sprint training can result in an increase in both glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activity, maximum short-term power output, andV˙o 2 max.

Acute High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Tvent and Peak Power Output in Highly Trained Males

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Laursen ◽  
Michelle A. Blanchard ◽  
David G. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

This study examined the effects of four high-intensity interval-training (HIT) sessions performed over 2 weeks on peak volume of oxygen uptake [Formula: see text] the first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1, VT2) and peak power output (PPO) in highly trained cyclists. Fourteen highly trained male cyclists [Formula: see text] performed a ramped cycle test to determine [Formula: see text]VT1, VT2, and PPO. Subjects were divided equally into a HIT group and a control group. The HIT group performed four HIT sessions (20 × 60 s at PPO, 120 s recovery); the [Formula: see text] test was repeated < 1 wk after the HIT program. Control subjects maintained their regular training program and were reassessed under the same timeline. There was no change in [Formula: see text] for either group; however, the HIT group showed a significantly greater increase in VT1 (+22% vs. −3%), VT2 (+15% vs. −1%), and PPO (+4.3 vs. −4%) compared to controls (all P < .05). This study has demonstrated that HIT can improve VT1, VT2 and PPO, following only four HIT sessions in already highly trained cyclists. Key words: cycling, cyclists, heart rate, oxygen uptake, short-term training, ventilatory threshold

scholarly journals Eccentric-concentric Ratio: A Key Factor for Defining Strength Training in Soccer

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 796-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Javier Nuñez ◽  
Moisés de Hoyo ◽  
Alejandro Muñoz López ◽  
Borja Sañudo ◽  
Carlos Otero-Esquina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Mean Power Output ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractThe aims of this study were to analyse the effect of chronic strength training over concentric power (CON), eccentric power (ECC), ECC/CON ratio, and 20 m linear sprint performance in elite young soccer players. Twenty young elite Spanish soccer players were assigned to an experimental group (CPG) which performed a front-step exercise using a conical pulley, 2–3 sets of 6 repetitions each leg, during 9 weeks (CPG, n=10) in addition to its usual strength training, or to a control group (CG, n=10). The improvements in the ECC mean power (36%, ES=1.61), and ECC / CON ratio (17%, ES=1.77) were substantially greater in the CPG than in the CG while the CON mean power (16%, ES=0.83) was substantially greater in the CG than in the CPG. The sprinting time for 10 m (2.8%, ES=0.78) and the 10 m flying time between 10–20 m (1.72%, ES=0.41) were substantially enhanced in CPG and CG respectively. To be efficient when defining a functional strength training and performance increments using an inertial device, the mean power output need to be measured during the CON and ECC phases and an analysis of the ECC / CON ratio should be included.

scholarly journals Peak Power Output Is Similarly Recovered After Three- and Five-Days’ Rest Following Sprint Interval Training in Young and Older Adults

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerbu Yasar ◽  
Susan Dewhurst ◽  
Lawrence D. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Training Programmes

(1) Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) exerts effects indicative of improved health in young and older populations. However, prescribing analogous training programmes is inappropriate, as recovery from HIIT is different between young and older individuals. Sprint interval training (SIT) is a derivative of HIIT but with shorter, maximal effort intervals. Prior to prescribing this mode of training, it is imperative to understand the recovery period to prevent residual fatigue affecting subsequent adaptations. (2) Methods: Nine older (6M/3F; mean age of 70 ± 8 years) and nine young (6M/3F; mean age of 24 ± 3 years) participants performed a baseline peak power output (PPO) test. Subsequently, two SIT sessions consisting of three repetitions of 20 s ‘all-out’ stationary cycling bouts interspersed by 3 minutes of self-paced recovery were performed. SIT sessions were followed by 3 days’ rest and 5 days’ rest on two separate occasions, in a randomised crossover design. PPO was measured again to determine whether recovery had been achieved after 3 days or after 5 days. (3) Results: Two-way repeated measure (age (older, young) × 3 time (baseline, 3 days, 5 days)) ANOVA revealed a large effect of age (p = 0.002, n2p = 0.460), with older participants having a lower PPO compared to young participants. A small effect of time (p = 0.702, n2p = 0.022), and a medium interaction between age and time (p = 0.098, n2p = 0.135) was observed. (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrates both young and older adults recover PPO following 3 and 5 days’ rest. As such, both groups could undertake SIT following three days of rest, without a reduction in PPO.

Oxygen uptake during upper body and lower body Wingate anaerobic tests

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1345-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Price ◽  
Christopher Beckford ◽  
Adam Dorricott ◽  
Cameron Hill ◽  
Megan Kershaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Exercise Tests

The aim of this study was to determine the aerobic contribution to upper body and lower body Wingate Anaerobic tests (WAnT). Eight nonspecifically trained males volunteered to take part in this study. Participants undertook incremental exercise tests for peak oxygen uptake and two 30-s WAnT (habituation and experimental) for both the upper and lower body. The resistive loadings used were 0.040 and 0.075 kg·kg body mass−1, respectively. Peak power output (PPO) and mean power output (MPO) were calculated for each WAnT. The aerobic contribution of each WAnT was assessed using breath by breath expired gas analysis. Peak oxygen uptake was lower for the upper body when compared with the lower body (P = 0.001). Similarly, PPO and MPO were greater for the lower body (both P < 0.001). Absolute oxygen uptake during the upper body WAnT was lower than for the lower body (P = 0.013), whereas relative oxygen uptake (% peak oxygen uptake) was similar (P = 0.997). The mean aerobic contribution for the upper body WAnT (43.5% ± 29.3%) was greater than for the lower body (29.4% ± 15.8%; P < 0.001). The greater aerobic contribution to the WAnT observed for the upper body in comparison with the lower body is likely due to methodological differences in upper and lower body WAnT protocols and potentially differences in anaerobic power production and exercise efficiency. The results of this study suggest that differences may exist for the aerobic contribution of upper and lower body Wingate anaerobic tests.

scholarly journals The Effects of 15 or 30 s SIT in Normobaric Hypoxia on Aerobic, Anaerobic Performance and Critical Power

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3976
Author(s):  
Hakan Karabiyik ◽  
Mustafa Can Eser ◽  
Ozkan Guler ◽  
Burak Caglar Yasli ◽  
Goktug Ertetik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Power ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Normobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Post Test

Sprint interval training (SIT) is a concept that has been shown to enhance aerobic-anaerobic training adaptations and induce larger effects in hypoxia. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 4 weeks of SIT with 15 or 30 s in hypoxia on aerobic, anaerobic performance and critical power (CP). A total of 32 male team players were divided into four groups: SIT with 15 s at FiO2: 0.209 (15 N); FiO2: 0.135 (15 H); SIT with 30 s at FiO2: 0.209 (30 N); and FiO2: 0.135 (30 H). VO2max did not significantly increase, however time-to-exhaustion (TTE) was found to be significantly longer in the post test compared to pre test (p = 0.001) with no difference between groups (p = 0.86). Mean power (MPw.kg) after repeated wingate tests was significantly higher compared to pre training in all groups (p = 0.001) with no difference between groups (p = 0.66). Similarly, CP was increased in all groups with 4 weeks of SIT (p = 0.001) with no difference between groups (p = 0.82). This study showed that 4 weeks of SIT with 15 and 30 s sprint bouts in normoxia or hypoxia did not increased VO2max in trained athletes. However, anerobic performance and CP can be increased with 4 weeks of SIT both in normoxia or hypoxia with 15 or 30 s of sprint durations.

Six sessions of sprint interval training increases muscle oxidative potential and cycle endurance capacity in humans

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1985-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten A. Burgomaster ◽  
Scott C. Hughes ◽  
George J. F. Heigenhauser ◽  
Suzanne N. Bradwell ◽  
Martin J. Gibala
Keyword(s):  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Cycle Endurance

Parra et al. ( Acta Physiol. Scand 169: 157–165, 2000) showed that 2 wk of daily sprint interval training (SIT) increased citrate synthase (CS) maximal activity but did not change “anaerobic” work capacity, possibly because of chronic fatigue induced by daily training. The effect of fewer SIT sessions on muscle oxidative potential is unknown, and aside from changes in peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2 peak), no study has examined the effect of SIT on “aerobic” exercise capacity. We tested the hypothesis that six sessions of SIT, performed over 2 wk with 1–2 days rest between sessions to promote recovery, would increase CS maximal activity and endurance capacity during cycling at ∼80% V̇o2 peak. Eight recreationally active subjects [age = 22 ± 1 yr; V̇o2 peak = 45 ± 3 ml·kg−1·min−1 (mean ± SE)] were studied before and 3 days after SIT. Each training session consisted of four to seven “all-out” 30-s Wingate tests with 4 min of recovery. After SIT, CS maximal activity increased by 38% (5.5 ± 1.0 vs. 4.0 ± 0.7 mmol·kg protein−1·h−1) and resting muscle glycogen content increased by 26% (614 ± 39 vs. 489 ± 57 mmol/kg dry wt) (both P < 0.05). Most strikingly, cycle endurance capacity increased by 100% after SIT (51 ± 11 vs. 26 ± 5 min; P < 0.05), despite no change in V̇o2 peak. The coefficient of variation for the cycle test was 12.0%, and a control group ( n = 8) showed no change in performance when tested ∼2 wk apart without SIT. We conclude that short sprint interval training (∼15 min of intense exercise over 2 wk) increased muscle oxidative potential and doubled endurance capacity during intense aerobic cycling in recreationally active individuals.

Protein Supplementation Does Not Improve Aerobic and Anaerobic Fitness in Collegiate Dancers Performing Cycling Based High Intensity Interval Training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Alfiero ◽  
Samantha J. Brooks ◽  
Hannah M. Bideganeta ◽  
Coby Contreras ◽  
Ann F. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Graded Exercise Test ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
High Intensity Interval

The effects of a 6-week cycling high-intensity interval training (HIIT) concurrently with protein supplementation on aerobic and anaerobic fitness and body composition in collegiate dancers was investigated. Eighteen participants enrolled in a collegiate dance program were matched into three groups: high-protein (HP; 90 g·d-1), moderate-protein (MP; 40 g·d-1), and control (C; 0 g·d-1). All participants performed a 6-week HIIT intervention. Participants completed a graded exercise test, Wingate anaerobic test (Wingate), and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan before and after the intervention. Peak heart rate (HRpeak), peak oxygen uptake (VOpeak), peak power output (PPO), lactate threshold (LT), and ventilatory thresholds 1 (VT1) and 2 (VT2) were assessed during the graded exercise test. Peak power output, mean power output (MPO), and fatigue index (FI) were assessed during the Wingate. Lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), visceral adipose tissue, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index were assessed during dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Body composition index (BCI) was calculated from pre and post LM and FM. Habitual diet was recorded weekly. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. No significant differences in VO2peak and percent fat mass (%FM) were observed between groups prior to the intervention. Significant main effects for time were observed for HRpeak (p = 0.02), VO2peak (p < 0.001), PPO (p < 0.01), LT (p < 0.001), VT1 (p < 0.001), and VT2 (p < 0.001) during the graded exercise test, and PPO (p < 0.01) and FI (p < 0.01) during the Wingate. Significant main effects for time were observed for LM (kg; p = 0.01) and FM (kg; p < 0.01). Body composition index was improved for all groups, however, no significant differences by group were observed. No significant differences were observed between groups for the measured outcomes (p > 0.05). Therefore, there was no effect of protein supplementation in the short 6-week intervention. This cycling based HIIT routine increased physical fitness, optimized aesthetics, and was a simple addition to an existing collegiate dance curriculum.

scholarly journals The Effect of Low-Volume Sprint Interval Training on the Development and Subsequent Maintenance of Aerobic Fitness in Soccer Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom W. Macpherson ◽  
Matthew Weston
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Test Level

Purpose:To examine the effect of low-volume sprint interval training (SIT) on the development (part 1) and subsequent maintenance (part 2) of aerobic fitness in soccer players.Methods:In part 1, 23 players from the same semiprofessional team participated in a 2-wk SIT intervention (SIT, n = 14, age 25 ± 4 y, weight 77 ± 8 kg; control, n = 9, age 27 ± 6 y, weight 72 ± 10 kg). The SIT group performed 6 training sessions of 4–6 maximal 30-s sprints, in replacement of regular aerobic training. The control group continued with their regular training. After this 2-wk intervention, the SIT group was allocated to either intervention (n = 7, 1 SIT session/wk as replacement of regular aerobic training) or control (n = 7, regular aerobic training with no SIT sessions) for a 5-wk period (part 2). Pre and post measures were the YoYo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRL1) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).Results:In part 1, the 2-week SIT intervention had a small beneficial effect on YYIRL1 (17%; 90% confidence limits ±11%), and VO2max (3.1%; ±5.0%) compared with control. In part 2, 1 SIT session/wk for 5 wk had a small beneficial effect on VO2max (4.2%; ±3.0%), with an unclear effect on YYIRL1 (8%; ±16%).Conclusion:Two weeks of SIT elicits small improvements in soccer players’ high-intensity intermittent-running performance and VO2max, therefore representing a worthwhile replacement of regular aerobic training. The effectiveness of SIT for maintaining SIT-induced improvements in high-intensity intermittent running requires further research.

scholarly journals Influence of COVID-19 Restrictions on Training and Physiological Characteristics in U23 Elite Cyclists

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Peter Leo ◽  
Iñigo Mujika ◽  
Justin Lawley
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Physiological Performance ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Elite Cyclists

PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated mobility restrictions caused many athletes to adjust or reduce their usual training load. The aim of this study was to investigate how the COVID-19 restrictions affected training and performance physiology measures in U23 elite cyclists. METHODS: Twelve U23 elite cyclists (n = 12) participated in this study (mean ± SD: Age 21.2 ± 1.2 years; height 182.9 ± 4.7 cm; body mass 71.4 ± 6.5 kg). Training characteristics were assessed between 30 days pre, during, and post COVID-19 restrictions, respectively. The physiological assessment in the laboratory was 30 days pre and post COVID-19 restrictions and included maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), peak power output for sprint (SprintPmax), and ramp incremental graded exercise (GXTPmax), as well as power output at ventilatory threshold (VT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP). RESULTS: Training load characteristics before, during, and after the lockdown remained statistically unchanged (p > 0.05) despite large effects (>0.8) with mean reductions of 4.7 to 25.0% during COVID-19 restrictions. There were no significant differences in maximal and submaximal power outputs, as well as relative and absolute V̇O2max between pre and post COVID-19 restrictions (p > 0.05) with small to moderate effects. DISCUSSION: These results indicate that COVID-19 restrictions did not negatively affect training characteristics and physiological performance measures in U23 elite cyclists for a period of <30 days. In contrast with recent reports on professional cyclists and other elite level athletes, these findings reveal that as long as athletes are able to maintain and/or slightly adapt their training routine, physiological performance variables remain stable.

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