scholarly journals The Effects of the Barbell Hip Thrust on Post-Activation Performance Enhancement of Change of Direction Speed in College-Aged Men and Women

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Ashley J. Orjalo ◽  
Samuel J. Callaghan ◽  
Robert G. Lockie
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
And Performance

This study investigated whether the barbell hip thrust (BHT) enhanced change-of-direction (COD) speed measured by the 505 COD speed test. Forty recreationally trained individuals completed three sessions. Session 1 included one-repetition maximum (1RM) BHT testing to measure absolute and relative strength. Sessions 2 and 3 involved two counter-balanced conditioning activities (CAs): 3 sets × 5 repetitions of the BHT at 85% 1RM and a control condition (CC; 6 min rest). The 505 COD speed test was performed 5 and 2.5 min pre-CA, and 4, 8, 12, and 16 min post-CA in each session. A 2 × 5 repeated-measures ANOVA (p < 0.05) calculated performance changes across time post-CA. A 2 × 2 repeated-measures ANOVA analyzed best potentiated performance. Partial correlations controlling for sex calculated relationships between the 1RM BHT and 505 COD speed test percent potentiation. There was a significant main effect for time (p < 0.001), but not for condition (p = 0.271) or condition × time (p = 0.295). There were no significant correlations between 1RM BHT and potentiation. The 85% 1RM BHT did potentiate the 505 4–16 min post-CA but no more than the CC. Nonetheless, a heavy BHT could be programmed prior to COD drills as COD speed could be potentiated and performance improved in men and women.

scholarly journals The Effects of Lateral Bounds on Post-Activation Potentiation of Change-of-Direction Speed Measured by the 505 Test in College-Aged Men and Women

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley J. Orjalo ◽  
Robert G. Lockie ◽  
Katherine Balfany ◽  
Samuel J. Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Weighted Vest

Forty recreationally-trained individuals completed four testing sessions to determine whether lateral bounds (LB) or weighted lateral bounds enhanced change-of-direction (COD) speed measured by the 505 COD speed test. Session 1 included vertical jump and lateral bound (LB) testing to measure power. Sessions 2–4 involved three randomized conditioning activities (CA): 3 × 5 LB; 3 × 5 weighted LB (10% body mass provided by a weighted vest); and a control condition (4-min rest). The 505 COD speed test was performed 5- and 2.5-min pre-CA, and ~15 s, 4, 8, 12, and 16 min post-CA. A 3 × 6 repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) calculated performance changes across time points post-CA. A 3 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA analyzed best potentiated performance. Smallest worthwhile change (SWC) measured within-subject 505 COD speed test performance. Partial correlations controlling for sex calculated relationships between the vertical jump, LB, and percent potentiation. There were no differences (p = 0.919) in 505 time relative to baseline for any CA, nor was the SWC exceeded. The best potentiated 505 time was faster (p < 0.001) than baseline for all CA, with no between-CA differences. There were no significant (p = 0.056–0.993) correlations between power and potentiation. LB and weighted LB did not potentiate the 505 COD speed test, although performance was not hindered.

scholarly journals Facial attractiveness and lip morphology of Caucasian women

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdzisław Lewandowski ◽  
Dariusz P. Danel
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Caucasian Women

Abstract Human lips are one of the most sexually dimorphic facial features. Although lip morphology is considered particularly important for female facial attractiveness no systematic empirical study has been conducted in this respect. This study aimed to investigate a relationship between female Caucasian facial attractiveness and their lip morphology. Two series of morphologically average composite portraits with digitally increased and decreased lip width and height measurements were assessed by adult men and women. Results were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA. When compared to the average lip shape both a decrease and an increase in lip width were associated with lower female facial attractiveness. A systematic increase in lip height from the lowest values to the highest, was associated with an increase in attractiveness scores. Attractiveness assessments of men and women did not differ significantly. The results show that perception of lip attractiveness may be intersexually congruent and that a variation in lip morphology may significantly affect female facial attractiveness.

scholarly journals Beta alanine supplementation effects on metabolic contribution and swimming performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Silva Norberto ◽  
Ricardo Augusto Barbieri ◽  
Danilo Rodrigues Bertucci ◽  
Ronaldo Bucken Gobbi ◽  
Eduardo Zapaterra Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Background Investigations of β-alanine supplementation shows effects on metabolic (aerobic and anaerobic) participation and performance on swimming by a possible blood acidosis buffering. Considering this background, the objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of β-alanine supplementation on metabolic contribution and performance during 400-m swim. Methods Thirteen competitive swimmers underwent a 6-week, double-blind placebo-controlled study, ingesting 4.8 g.day− 1 of β-alanine or placebo. Before and after the supplementation period, the total anaerobic contribution (TAn) and 30-s all-out tethered swimming effort (30TS) were assessed. Anaerobic alactic (AnAl) and lactic energy (AnLa) was assumed as the fast component of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and net blood lactate accumulation during exercise (∆[La−]), respectively. Aerobic contribution (Aer) was determined by the difference between total energy demand and TAn. In addition to conventional statistical analysis (Repeated measures ANOVA; p > 0.05), a Bayesian repeated measures ANOVA was used to evidence the effect probability (BFincl). Results No differences and effects were found between groups, indicating no supplementation effects. Repeated measures ANOVA, with confirmation of effect, was indicate reduce in ∆Lactate (p: 0.001; BFincl: 25.02); absolute AnLa (p: 0.002; BFincl: 12.61), fatigue index (p > 0.001; BFincl: 63.25) and total anaerobic participation (p: 0.008; BFincl: 4.89). Conclusions Thus, the results demonstrated that all changes presented were evidenced as a result of exposure to the training period and β-alanine supplementation doesn’t affect metabolic contribution and performance during 400-m freestyle.

scholarly journals Ventilatory decline after hypoxia and hypercapnia is not different between healthy young men and women

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Jordan ◽  
P. G. Catcheside ◽  
R. S. Orr ◽  
F. J. O'Donoghue ◽  
N. A. Saunders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Breathing Disorders ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Gradual Decay

The gradual decay in ventilation after removal of a respiratory stimulus has been proposed to protect against cyclic breathing disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The male predominance of OSA, and the increased incidence of OSA in women after menopause, indicates that the respiratory-stimulating effect of progesterone may provide protection against OSA by altering the rate of poststimulus ventilatory decline (PSVD). It was therefore hypothesized that PSVD is longer in premenopausal women than in men and is longer in the luteal menstrual phase compared with the follicular phase. PSVD was measured in 12 men and in 11 women at both their luteal and follicular phases, after cessation of isocapnic hypoxia and normoxic hypercapnia. PSVD was compared between genders and between women in the luteal and follicular phases by repeated-measures ANOVA. There were no significant differences in PSVD between any of the groups after either respiratory stimulus. This suggests that the higher occurrence of OSA in men does not reflect an underlying gender difference in PSVD and implies the increased prevalence of OSA in women after menopause is not representative of an effect of progesterone on PSVD.

Initial Evaluation of the LifeForce Yoga Program as a Therapeutic Intervention for Depression

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Bennett ◽  
Amy Weintraub ◽  
Sat Bir Khalsa
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Home Practice ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Assessment Time ◽  
Post Hoc

There is a growing body of literature citing Yoga as an effective intervention for decreasing symptoms of depression. This naturalistic pilot study investigated the efficacy of the LifeForce Yoga Program in decreasing reported symptoms of depression and other mood symptoms. The sample consisted of 94 individuals who completed self-report questionnaire before participating in a five-day LifeForce Yoga training. 54 of these individuals completed the same questionnaire after two weeks of home practice following the training, and 33 participants completed these questionnaires two months after the initial training. Repeated measures ANOVA tests demonstrated a main effect for time, indicating that mean symptom scores decreased significantly across the assessment time points on nearly all of the outcome measures of interest. Post hoc t-tests showed that the statistically significant change occurred between Time 1 and Time 2, and was then largely maintained from Time 2 to Time 3. These results suggest that participation in a comprehensive Yoga program, designed specifically to address mood, can lead to decreased symptoms of depression and associated physical or mood states.

Enhancing Performance and Skill Acquisition in Novice Basketball Players with Instructional Self-Talk

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos Perkos ◽  
Yannis Theodorakis ◽  
Stiliani Chroni
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Passing Scores ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Better Than

This study examined the effectiveness of instructional self-talk on acquiring and performing three basketball skills (dribbling, passing, and shooting). Sixty-two young, novice players were organized into two groups. The experimental group accompanied the practice of three specific drills with self-talk. The control group performed the same drills traditionally. Six assessment sessions were completed. Repeated measures MANOVAs showed that experimental group participants performed better than their control group counterparts when dribbling and passing. Experimental group participants and their coaches reported using self-talk more when passing and dribbling and less when shooting. In addition, experimental group participants achieved significantly better dribbling and passing scores (p < .05) between assessment sessions. These results support instructional self-talk as an effective tool for skill acquisition and performance enhancement of skills low in complexity.

scholarly journals Ground Reaction Force Comparison Between Barefoot and Shod Single Leg Landing at Varied Heights

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Jocelyn E. Arnett ◽  
Cameron D. Addie ◽  
Ludmila M. Cosio-Lima ◽  
Lee E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Main Effects

Background: Landing is a common movement that occurs in many sports. Barefoot research has gained popularity in examining how shoes alter natural movements. However, it is unknown how a single leg landing under barefoot conditions, as well as landing height, affects ground reaction forces (GRF). Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine the differences in GRF during a single leg landing under barefoot and shod conditions from various heights. Methods: Sixteen female Division II collegiate athletes, 8 basketball (age: 19.88 ± 0.64 yrs; height: 1.77 ± 0.09 m; mass: 75.76 ± 12.97 kg) and 8 volleyball (age: 20.00 ± 1.07 yrs; height: 1.74 ± 0.08 m; mass: 72.41 ± 5.41 kg), performed single leg landings from 12, 18, 24, and 30 inches barefoot and shod. An AMTI AccuGait force plate was used to record GRF. A 2 (condition) x 4 (box height) x 2 (sport) repeated measures ANOVA was performed to determine any GRF differences. Results: There were no significant three way or two-way interactions (p > 0.05). There was also no main effect for sport (p > 0.05). There were main effects for footwear and box height (p = 0.000) where shod (2295.121 ± 66.025 N) had greater impact than barefoot (2090.233 ± 62.684 N). Conclusions: Single leg barefoot landings resulted in less vertical GRF than shod landings. This could be due to increased flexion at the joints which aids in force absorption.

Submaximal Cricket Fast Bowling Offers a Disproportionate Reduction in Loading Versus Performance: An Alternative Workload Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-487
Author(s):  
Matt Greig ◽  
Benjamin Child
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Analysis Of Technique ◽  
Male Cricket

Context: Cricket fast bowlers are particularly susceptible to lumbar spine loading and injury. Quantitative analysis of technique typically involves laboratory-based biomechanical systems with limited ecological validity, whereas contemporary developments in global positioning satellite microtechnologies facilitate an on-field evaluation of loading. Objective: To quantify the influence of submaximal bowling from reduced approach lengths on performance and loading. Design: Repeated-measures, field-based design. Setting: Regulation cricket pitch. Participants: A total of 12 male cricket academy fast bowlers (18.7 [0.7] y), injury free with ≥3 years of competitive experience. Interventions: Each bowler wore 2 global positioning satellite units placed at C7 and L4 to measure triaxial acceleration (100 Hz). Bowlers completed an over (6 deliveries) from a randomized 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-stride approach. Main Outcome Measures: Ball speed was recorded as the performance measure, with PlayerLoad in the anteroposterior, mediolateral, and vertical planes also calculated for each delivery length. Results: In ball speed, there was a significant main effect for delivery length (P = .02), with a 3-stride approach eliciting significantly less ball speed than a 9-stride (P = .03) or 12-stride (P = .002) approach. In loading, there was a significant main effect for delivery length (P < .001) in the anteroposterior, mediolateral, and vertical planes, with loading increasing linearly as a function of delivery strides. The 6-stride approach elicited a 44% reduction in loading, with a disproportionately small 3.5% decrease in performance. There was a significant main effect for global positioning satellite location (P ≤ .023) in all planes, with L4 eliciting greater loading than C7. Conclusions: A submaximal 6-stride approach yielded the optimum balance between reduced loading and performance inhibition. Reduced delivery length, therefore, offers an alternative to reduced overs in reducing loading in young bowlers and might also have practicable value in the rehabilitation of bowlers postinjury.

Manipulated Outcome Expectations and Competitive Performance in Motor Tasks with Gradually Increasing Difficulty

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Eyal ◽  
Michael Bar-Eli ◽  
Gershon Tenenbaum ◽  
Joan S. Pie
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Initial Task ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
And Performance

The aim of this study was to examine whether outcome expectations can be generalized from one defined task to other tasks. A deception paradigm was employed in which outcome expectations were manipulated. High, low, or medium expectations toward performing five tasks, which gradually increased in complexity and shared a common skill, were manipulated. Ninety adult males were randomly assigned to manipulation groups. A within-subjects repeated measures ANOVA indicated that those manipulated by medium expectations showed elevated perceptions of outcome expectations. Their performance, however, was superior only in the two tasks most similar in complexity to the initial task. On the less similar tasks, the differences among the groups were insignificant. A generalization effect can therefore be demonstrated on outcome expectations and performance to a certain degree of task complexity. Implications of the superior performance of participants manipulated to produce medium outcome expectations are discussed.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of On-Court Resistive Warm-Ups on Change of Direction Speed and Smash Velocity during a Simulated Badminton Match Play in Well-Trained Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Man Tong Chua ◽  
Kin Ming Chow ◽  
Danny Lum ◽  
Andrew Wei Han Tay ◽  
Wan Xiu Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Order Change ◽  
National Training

In badminton, power production can be enhanced through the fundamental practice of a dynamic warm-up with resistance conditioning activity to induce a post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) effect. The use of heavy resistance exercise in the form of heavy weights to induce PAPE during competition is not logistically practical in the badminton arena. Thus, there is a need to investigate the use of easily available alternative preconditioning stimuli to induce a similar potentiating effect in badminton-specific performance. This study adopted a repeated-measures design of three warm-up conditions: control (CON), weighted wearable resistance (WWR), and resistance band variable resistance (BVR). Fourteen badminton players from the national training squad (11 males, 3 females, age 18 ± 1 y) completed the experimental sessions in random order. Change of direction speed (CODS) and smash velocity (SV) tests were performed at five timepoints—baseline test after the warm-up and at the end of each of the four exercise blocks of a simulated match play protocol. CODS was significantly faster under the two resistance warm-up conditions (WWR and BVR) compared to the CON condition at baseline (−0.2 s ± 0.39 and −0.2 s ± 0.46, p = 0.001 and 0.03, g = 0.47 and 0.40, respectively), but there were no differences at the other timepoints (all p > 0.05). SV was significantly faster for all the four exercise blocks than at baseline under all three warm-up conditions (p = 0.02), but there were no differences in SV between the three warm-up conditions across all the five measured timepoints (p = 0.15). In conclusion, implementing resistance (~10% body weight) in sport-specific plyometric exercises using WWR or BVR during warm-up routines may induce PAPE effects on the change of direction speed but not smash velocity, in well-trained badminton players, as compared with the same warm-up exercises using bodyweight (i.e., CON condition). The positive effects of CODS were, however, observed only at the start of the match and possibly lasted for up to between 5 and 10 min of match play.

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