Use of Instream Structure Technique for Aquatic Habitat Formation in Ecological Stream Restoration

Drought flow as the minimum flow rate required for restoration of the Mokgamcheon stream was calculated by the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) V.5.0. The adequacy of drought flow to guarantee the minimum ecological environment was assessed using suitable low-flows not exceeding the maximum pollution concentration of the ecosystem calculated by Design FLOWs (DFLOW) V.4.1. Fish flows, which provide proper ecological habitat for fish, were calculated using Physical HABitat SIMulation (PHABSIM) V.1.5.2 to provide proper ecological habitat for target fishes such as Carassius auratus and Zacco platypus. The monthly expected instream flows were determined as the largest value between drought flow and fish flow. In most cases, instream flows were determined by drought flows exceeding fish flows that satisfy the condition of species habitat, but in the case of Carassius auratus, drought flows were less than fish flows in April, September, and October. Thus, structural measures for the supply of additional discharge were required. Instead, when natural environment-friendly instream structures, such as stepping stones were used, affordable ecological restoration that met the preferred conditions for discharge and depth of Carassius auratus was possible. The stepping stones were assessed using River2D V.0.95a to measure their effectiveness compared to other structural measures that would be costly and time-consuming to secure shortage of fish flow. Finally, the stability of the habitat was assessed through flood analysis; in case of a flood discharge of 5.2 m3/s obtained from time-series analysis, it was evaluated that the stability of habitats could be reasonable.

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Habitat Elements in River Basin Management and Planning

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1987.0063 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 19 (9) ◽

pp. 19-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Edwin E. Herricks ◽

Maria I. Braga

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

River Basin ◽

River Basin Management ◽

The United States ◽

Physical Habitat ◽

Basin Management ◽

Habitat Analysis ◽

Management Procedures ◽

Habitat Simulation ◽

Flow Quantity

Comprehensive river basin management mast move beyond narrowly focused programs dealing with water quantity or water quality. A more comprehensive approach to river basin management recognizes that both flow quantity and water quality can be summarized as habitat measures. A number of well developed physical habitat analysis and prediction procedures are presently available. Several computerized systems available from the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service (Habitat Suitability Index - HSI and PHysical HABitat SIMulation - PHABSIM) provide macrohabitat definition. We have developed a water quality based habitat component which operates effectively for general analysis. With an emphasis on site specific management in the United States, the macrohabitat definition procedures may not meet all river basin management and planning requirements. This paper reviews the results of research which characterizes microhabitat in streams and rivers and provides a valuable extension to basin management procedures.

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Dominant Fish and Macroinvertebrate Response to Flow Changes of the Geum River in Korea

Water ◽

10.3390/w10070942 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 942 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hyeongsik Kang ◽

Byungwoong Choi

Keyword(s):

Flow Patterns ◽

Base Flow ◽

Physical Habitat ◽

Aquatic Species ◽

Morphology Change ◽

Suitability Index ◽

Natural Flow ◽

Habitat Simulation ◽

Target Fish ◽

The Impact

This study presents the impact of natural flow patterns on downstream aquatic species habitats in a reach of the Geum River, Korea. The study reach is a 13.4 km long, located downstream of the Yongdam Dam. To assess such an impact, this study performed physical habitat simulations. The River2D model was used for the computation of the flow field and morphology, and the Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the habitat simulation. Three habitat variables—flow depth, velocity, and substrate were used. The Zacco platypus and Baetis fuscatus were selected as the target fish and benthic macro-invertebrate, respectively. Using the building block approach (BBA), the scenarios for modifying dam operations were constructed in the study reach. Scenario 1, scenario 2, and scenario 3 were proposed by using the magnitude–duration concept, base flow allocation concept, and seasonally adjusted minimum flow allocation concept, respectively. Simulation results indicated that the scenarios’ effects significantly increased by about 14.3% for the weighted usable area (WUA). In addition, the morphology change with the restoration of flood events was investigated. It was revealed that the morphology change in the physical habitat simulations further increased by about 13% for the WUA. The change of dam operations through natural flow patterns is more advantageous to aquatic species.

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The Effect of AlI3 Nanoadditive on the Thermal Behavior of PMMA Subjected to Thermoanalytical Py-GC-MS Technique

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14227036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (22) ◽

pp. 7036

Author(s):

Muhammad Adnan ◽

Taj Ur Rahman ◽

Ali Bahadur ◽

Muhammad Aurang Zeb ◽

Wajiha Liaqat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Degradation ◽

Thermal Behavior ◽

Inorganic Salt ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Pure Pmma ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

The Stability ◽

Chemical Association ◽

Pmma Polymer

Thermal degradation of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was studied by using inorganic salt of aluminum triiodide (AlI3). The composites of PMMA were prepared with AlI3 by changing the concentration of the AlI3 additive from 2% to 10% (w/w). The PMMA composites with AlI3 were characterized by TGA, DTG, SEM, FTIR, HBT, and Py-GC-MS techniques. The FTIR peaks of PMMA composite at 1316, 786, and 693 cm−1 justify the chemical association between PMMA and AlI3. TGA study shows that the stability of PMMA is enhanced by the addition of the AlI3 additive. SEM analysis represented that there is a relationship between polymer and additive when they are mixed at the molecular level. The horizontal burning test (HBT) also confirmed that the AlI3 additive produced the flame retarding properties in PMMA polymer. The burning rate of composite with 10% of AlI3 additive decreases five times as much as compared to pure PMMA polymer. Py-GC-MS analysis deduced that PMMA composite produced less toxic and environment-friendly substances (CO2) by the influence of AlI3 additive as compared to neat PMMA.

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A Novel Way of Separation and Preparation Noncaffeine Tea Polyphenols from Green Tea Waste

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1875 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 550-553 ◽

pp. 1875-1880 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

He Ping Tan ◽

Huai Ping Li ◽

Hang Song ◽

Wen Ping Xu ◽

Chi Guan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Green Tea ◽

Column Chromatography ◽

High Performance ◽

Ethanol Solution ◽

Tea Polyphenols ◽

Raw Material ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

Tea Waste ◽

One Step ◽

The Stability

A simple, clean and economical way of separation and preparation noncaffeine tea polyphenols from green tea waste in one-step by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography was developed. 20% (v/v) ethanol solution was used for removing caffeine and other components in the first stepwise elution, and tea polyphenols was eluted with 60% (v/v) ethanol solution by using reversed flow in the second stepwise elution. The yield of tea polyphenols above 11% with the purity about 98% and the content of catechins more than 91%, and the content of caffeine in tea polyphenols have not been detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. The recovery of tea polyphenols by column chromatography were about 86%, and the stability of preparative way is very good. Compared with conventional extraction and decaffeination ways, this way has more excellent advantages, such as cheaper raw material, no toxic residues, higher yield, commercially feasible and environment friendly.

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Application of the physical habitat simulation for fish species to assess environmental flows in an Atlantic Forest Stream in South-eastern Brazil

Neotropical Ichthyology ◽

10.1590/1982-0224-20140170 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 685-698 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marcus Rodrigues da Costa ◽

Tailan Moretti Mattos ◽

Victor Hugo Fernandes ◽

Francisco Martínez-Capel ◽

Rafael Muñoz-Mas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Fish Species ◽

Habitat Suitability ◽

Environmental Flows ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Microhabitat Use ◽

Physical Habitat ◽

Forest Stream ◽

Habitat Simulation ◽

Target Fish

ABSTRACT The physical habitat simulation sub-routine of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) uses hydraulic modeling and suitability indices of target fish species to predict how differences in-stream flows affect the microhabitat occupation by fish species. This habitat modelling approach was adopted to assess the ecological effects of running flows on three neotropical fish species of different orders (Bryconamericus ornaticeps , Ancistrus multispinis and Geophagus brasiliensis ).The study encompassed two reaches of an Atlantic Forest stream in Southeastern Brazil where topographic and hydraulic (depth, velocity and type of substrate) characteristics were measured to implement one-dimensional hydraulic simulation. Sub aquatic observation of fish was performed to collect data on microhabitat use and these data were used to develop habitat suitability curves that were used in the habitat simulation to obtain the habitat suitability index (HSI) and weighted usable area (WUA) versus flow curves. Upon these curves minimum and optimum environmental flows for the target fish species were proposed. Bryconamericus ornaticeps and A. multispinis selected microhabitats around 0.6 m depth, whereas G. brasiliensis showed a wider suitable range (0.35-0.9 m). All the three species were mainly observed in microhabitat with low flow velocity (0.1 m/s). Bryconamericus ornaticeps selected more frequently coarse substrate (e.g. boulders) but it appeared also over sandy substrate, whereas A. multispinis and G. brasiliensis selected preferably boulders. The range of 0.65-0.85 m3/s was found as the optimum to meet the needs of the three fish species. Our results agree with the necessary objective information to perform grounded management actions in the frame of a management program aiming at ecosystem conservation. Thereby it can be considered a successful pilot study in environmental flow assessment in an Atlantic Forest stream of Brazil.

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Relationship between chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) redd densities and PHABSIM-predicted habitat in the Merced and Lower American rivers, California

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f98-198 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 570-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Sean P Gallagher ◽

Mark F Gard

Keyword(s):

Fisheries Management ◽

Chinook Salmon ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽

Simulation System ◽

Physical Habitat ◽

Instream Flow ◽

Spawning Habitat ◽

Habitat Simulation

An index of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawning habitat predicted using the physical habitat simulation system (PHABSIM) component of the instream flow incremental methodology was compared with redd densities and locations for sites in the Merced River, California, during 1996 and with redd numbers in sites in the Merced and Lower American rivers, California, from 1989 through 1996. Predicted weighted useable area (WUA) was significantly correlated with chinook salmon spawning density and location at five of seven sites in the Merced River. At the microhabitat level, in the Merced River during 1996, there was a significant relationship between chinook salmon redd location and predicted WUA. Cells with more WUA in the Merced River tended to have more redds. At the mesohabitat level, there was a significant relationship between redd density and predicted WUA in both rivers. Transect areas in the Merced River with higher predicted WUA had more redds. Sites with higher numbers of redds had more predicted WUA. Significant correlations between predicted WUA and spawning locations increase confidence in the use of PHABSIM modeling results for fisheries management in the Merced and Lower American rivers as well as in other rivers.

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