scholarly journals OpenZmeter: An Efficient Low-Cost Energy Smart Meter and Power Quality Analyzer

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Viciana ◽  
Alfredo Alcayde ◽  
Francisco Montoya ◽  
Raul Baños ◽  
Francisco Arrabal-Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Support Providers ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Inexperienced User

Power quality and energy consumption measurements support providers and energy users with solutions for acquiring and reporting information about the energy supply for residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. In particular, since the average number of electronic devices in homes increases year by year and their sensitivity is very high, it is not only important to monitor the total energy consumption, but also the quality of the power supplied. However, in practice, end-users do not have information about the energy consumption in real-time nor about the quality of the power they receive, because electric energy meters are too expensive and complex to be handled. In order to overcome these inconveniences, an innovative, open source, low-cost, precise, and reliable power and electric energy meter is presented that can be easily installed and managed by any inexperienced user at their own home in urban or rural areas. The system was validated in a real house over a period of two weeks, showing interesting results and findings which validate our proposal.

Variable-Frequency Prony Method in the Analysis of Electrical Power Quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Zygarlicki ◽  
Janusz Mroczka
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Variable Frequency ◽  
Prony Method ◽  
Analysis Window ◽  
Proposed Modification ◽  
Selection Of

Variable-Frequency Prony Method in the Analysis of Electrical Power QualityThe article presents a new modification of the the least squares Prony method. The so-called variable-frequency Prony method can be a useful tool for estimating parameters of sinusoidal components, which, in the analyzed signal, are characterized by time-dependent frequencies. The authors propose use of the presented method for testing the quality of electric energy. It allows observation of phenomena which, when using traditional methods, are averaged in the analysis window. The proposed modification of least squares Prony method is based on introduction and specific selection of a frequency matrix. This matrix represents frequencies of estimated components and their variability in time.

scholarly journals The Use of Draught Animals in Rural Labour

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2683
Author(s):  
Daniel Mota-Rojas ◽  
Ada Braghieri ◽  
Adolfo Álvarez-Macías ◽  
Francesco Serrapica ◽  
Efrén Ramírez-Bribiesca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
By Products ◽  
Draught Animals

This study discusses scientific findings on the use of draught animals such as equids (i.e., horses, mules, and donkeys) and bovids (i.e., cattle and water buffaloes) in rural labours. Relevant peer-reviewed literature published between 1980 and 2021 was retrieved from CAB Abstracts, PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Scopus databases. Although animals were used to produce draught power since their domestication and are still being used for this purpose, mechanisation has markedly reduced animal labour demand in agriculture. However, the process was uneven across continents according to economic constraints, and draught animals are currently concentrated in small production units located on terrains that do not favour agriculture mechanisation in Africa, Latin America, and Asia. Generally, equids can work at rates similar to those of bovids or faster but can sustain the work for shorter periods of time. In addition, buffaloes possess tough hooves and resistance to disease that make them suitable for working in wetlands and clay soils. Draught animals allow a marked reduction of both GHG emissions and non-renewable energy consumption as compared with agricultural machinery. In addition, they may allow obtaining profits from otherwise non-usable lands. Therefore, their use should be promoted in rural areas where low investments are usually the only ones feasible, and the energy of the animals can be obtained at a low cost by feeding them harvest residues and by-products. However, more attention should be paid to the quality of human–animal interactions—due to the close contact between animals and humans while working—and to the welfare of draught animals when transported and slaughtered—due to the high prevalence of injuries they suffer when subjected to these practices.

scholarly journals Integrated Optimization on Energy Saving and Quality of Service of Urban Rail Transit System

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxin Li ◽  
Qiyuan Peng ◽  
Chao Wen ◽  
Shengdong Li ◽  
Xu Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Urban Rail Transit ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Running Time ◽  
Urban Rail

Optimizing to increase the utilization ratio of regenerative braking energy reduces energy consumption, and can be done without increasing the deviation of train running time in one circle. The latter entails that the train timetable is upheld, which guarantees that the demand for passenger transport services is met and the quality of services in the urban rail transit system is maintained. This study proposes a multi-objective optimization model for urban railways with timetable optimization to minimize the total energy consumption of trains while maximizing the quality of service. To this end, we apply the principles and ideas of calculus to reduce the power of the velocity in the train energy consumption model. This greatly simplifies the complexity of the optimization model. Then, considering the conflicting requirements of decision-makers, weight factors are added to the objective functions to reflect decision-makers’ preferences for energy-saving and the quality of service. We adopt the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) to solve the proposed model. A practical case study of the Yizhuang urban railway line in Beijing is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and evaluate the advantages of the optimal energy saving timetable (OEST) in comparison to the optimal quality of service timetable (OQOST). The results showed that the OEST reduced total energy consumption by 8.72% but increased the deviation of trains running time in one circle by 728 s. The total energy consumption was reduced by 6.09%, but there was no increase in the deviation of train running time in one circle with the OQOST.

scholarly journals The quality of the microclimate in educational buildings subjected to thermal modernization

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00048
Author(s):  
Anna Lis ◽  
Nadiia Spodyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Sick Building Syndrome ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Educational Buildings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sick Building ◽  
Microclimate Conditions

Realization and exploitation of buildings involves in European Union about 40% of total energy consumption [1]. One of the elements of rationalization of energy consumption in buildings are the undertakings related with thermal modernization of buildings. The actions related with reducing the energy intensity of buildings are not always correlated with improvement of microclimate conditions in the rooms. Errors in the implementation of the energy efficiency program led to the phenomenon of sick building syndrome. The paper presents the results of the research conducted in a few educational buildings before and after thermal modernization. The research includes energy consumption for the heating of building and selected parameters of the interior microclimate. This analysis was carried out to evaluate the influence of energy saving activities on microclimate interior conditions. It was found that in many cases commonly used gravitational ventilation is not able to ensure the proper conditions of the interior microclimate, and the concentrations of carbon dioxide recorded in the tested rooms exceeded the applicable standards.

Analysis of Electric Energy Consumption Patterns: A Case Study of a Real Life Office Building

2013 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Soo Han ◽  
Youn Kwae Jeong ◽  
Il Woo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Consumption Patterns

Electric energy consumption shares a great portion of commercial building energy. Electric energy saving is essential to reduce total energy consumption in commercial buildings. To draw energy saving methods, it is necessary to monitor real energy consumption patterns and analyze the results. We monitor the lighting and non-lighting energy consumption of eleven zones in a real working office building every fifteen minutes during eleven months. We observe and analyze the monthly and daily energy consumption patterns of all zones and draw several feasible energy saving methods. Moreover, the lighting and occupancy are monitored simultaneously in detail to investigate the unnecessary energy consumption. It shows the possibility of a great amount of energy saving. Because we analyze the energy consumption patterns in all zones, the drawn energy saving methods are applicable to the current building with some added infrastructure and expandable to other similar office buildings. Our result is expected to contribute to reducing the energy consumption in buildings.

scholarly journals Increasing the energy efficiency of an enterprise by point compensating of power quality distortions

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 04010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egor Zamyatin ◽  
Irina Voytyuk ◽  
Elena Zamyatina
Keyword(s):  
Power Quality ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Pareto Method ◽  
Compensating Devices ◽  
Quality Of Electrical Energy ◽  
The Cost

The cost of any product includes the cost of electrical energy in its production. Enterprises use various methods to reduce the cost of electric energy. One of the most common methods is to reduce the loss of active power in the distribution network of an enterprise. This is achieved by compensating for distortions in the power quality of electrical energy using compensating devices. The method presented in the article offers point compensation of distortions in the power quality indicators of electric energy. Point connection of compensating devices allows their small number to be used. But, at the same time, a greater effect is achieved. The connection points of compensating devices are determined by the developed method. The method includes three stages: collecting data on consumers of electric energy at an enterprise and on the topology of the distribution electric network, analyzing the results obtained using the developed algorithm, and determining connection points using the Pareto method. Also, the developed method was compared with the classical ones according to the criterion of the ratio of implementation costs to the effect of its application.

Analysis and Design of Electric Energy Consumption Inspection Equipment Based on ARM9

2012 ◽  
Vol 157-158 ◽  
pp. 447-451
Author(s):  
Hu Hu ◽  
Xin Tian ◽  
Li Hong Han ◽  
Bin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Real Time Transmission

The present paper introduces a sort of analysis and design of electric energy consumption inspection equipment based on ARM9, which can inspect multiple electric energy indexes and conduct a real time inspection to electric energy consumption. Both a real time collection and a real time transmission of electric energy consumption data are realized and a real time analysis of these data that are transmitted through the network to the host computer can be carried out as well, the features of which are low power consumption, low cost, very applicable, high real time performance, etc. The paper also describes the system’s basic structure, hardware design, software design and system debugging process.

Electric Energy Consumption Analysis of SPIF Processes

2013 ◽  
Vol 549 ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Ingarao ◽  
Karel Kellens ◽  
Amar Kumar Behera ◽  
Hans Vanhove ◽  
Giuseppina Ambrogio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Consumption Analysis

Manufacturing processes, as used for discrete part manufacturing, are responsible for a substantial part of the environmental impact of products, but are still poorly documented in terms of environmental footprint. A thorough analysis on the causes affecting the environmental impact in metal forming processes, especially the innovative but very energy intensive sheet metal forming technologies required to form light-weight products, is nowadays necessary. Therefore, this paper presents an energy consumption analysis, including a power and time study, of Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) processes. First, the influence of the most relevant process parameters (e.g. feed rate, step down) as well as the material forming itself are analysed regarding the power demand. Moreover, a comparative study and related energy efficiency assay are carried out on two different machine tools. As the forming time proves to be the dominant factor for the total energy consumption, from environmental point of view, the overall results show many similarities with conventional machining processes. Finally, this paper reports on some potential improvement measures to reduce the SPIF energy consumption.

Evaluation on the Technological Innovation Capability of Rural Bioenergy Industry in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 197-200
Author(s):  
Jie Shang ◽  
Ling Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Innovation Capability ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Total Energy Consumption

China has the abundant agro-residue resources, producing about 20% of total energy consumption in rural areas. Improving the ability of technology innovation is crucial for providing efficient utilization of bioenergy. In order to evaluate the ability of technological innovation of biomass energy industry, this thesis constructed index system, organizing data using SPASS and uses coefficient of variation to analyze the gap between China and other developed countries. The results show that the ability of China's biomass energy industry has great potential for technological innovation.

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