scholarly journals Estimating Regional Shadow Prices of CO2 in China: A Directional Environmental Production Frontier Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qunli Wu ◽  
Huaxing Lin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Shadow Price ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Shadow Prices ◽  
Production Frontier ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Acceleration Zone

Shadow price of carbon dioxide (CO2) plays a fundamental role in evaluating CO2 abatement cost and formulating regional environmental policies. In this study, CO2 shadow prices are estimated in 29 provinces of China from 2006 to 2015. Directional Environmental Production Frontier Function (DEPFF) measures the distance between actual production points and the effective production frontier surface, which yields the shadow prices of CO2 emission. With the relationship between CO2 emission and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth which is encapsulated in the shadow price, the provinces are classified into three groups: acceleration zone, buffer zone, and deceleration zone. The acceleration zone is characterized by a smaller emission growth driving a greater economic growth, and the provincial average price of CO2 is 184.16 US$/ton. In the buffer zone, a significant emission increase brings about less economic growth with the average shadow price at 86.57 US$/ton. In the deceleration zone, a high growth rate of CO2 emissions is accompanied with an economic output decrease, which implies that the shadow price of CO2 should be negative, and the mean value is −200.7 US$/ton. As the CO2 abatement potential differs significantly across provinces, the environmental policy and CO2 reduction targets should be region-specific.

Take it to the (public) bank: The efficiency of public bank loans to private firms

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Kärnä
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Bank Loans ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Unique Dataset

AbstractIncomplete capital markets and credit constraints for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are often considered obstacles to economic growth, thus motivating government interventions in capital markets. While such policies are common, it is less clear to what extent these interventions result in firm growth or to which firms interventions should be targeted. Using a unique dataset with information about state bank loans targeting credit-constrained SMEs in Sweden with and without complementary private bank loans, this paper contributes to the literature by studying how these loans affect the targeted firms for several outcome variables. The results suggest that the loans create a one-off increase in investments, with long-term, positive effects for sales and labor productivity but only for firms with 10 or fewer employees. Increased access to capital by firms can therefore produce increases in economic output but only in a specific type of firm. This insight is of key importance in designing policy if the aim is to increase economic growth.

Economic, Exergy, and Environmental Analyses of the Energy Assessments for US Industries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Alaa Hasan ◽  
Osama M. Selim ◽  
Mohamed Abousabae ◽  
Ryoichi S. Amano ◽  
Wilkistar Otieno
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Implementation Rate

Abstract This paper highlights the expected versus actual outcomes of 152 energy analyses that were performed between 2011 and 2020. The 1,317 energy assessment recommendations (ARs) are grouped into eight categories. This study adopted four measures per category: annual electricity savings, annual gas savings, annual cost savings, and annual CO2 emission reduction. The first part of the analysis compares the expected recommendations to each measure's actually implemented values for the eight categories. It was found that the percentages of the actual to the expected electricity, gas, and cost savings are 26.6%, 11.4%, and 17.1%, respectively. In contrast, the percentage of the actual to the expected CO2 reduction is 22%. Moreover, the second part of the analysis presents each category's implementation rate and the reasons for rejecting the unimplemented ARs. Cash flow and expensive initial investment resulted in rejecting 25% of ARs. Finally, the study proposes techniques and strategies to increase ARs' implementation rate and improve all private energy services industries' implementation rate. An exergy analysis is added to show the improvement that energy assessment achieves regarding exergy and exergy efficiencies of different industrial applications.

Rising or Constrained Power?

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eswaran Sridharan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
High Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Economic Weight ◽  
Rising Power ◽  
Global Influence

This chapter analyses India’s prospects as a rising power by asking what kind of power India has the potential to be, given its military, economic, and institutional capacities and the economic and geostrategic constraints it faces. It argues that while sustained high growth is a necessary condition it is not a sufficient condition since economic growth does not necessarily convert smoothly into greater power. Due to such conversion problems India, like some other powers, might not be able to exercise commensurate regional, extra-regional, and global influence as might appear to follow from the revival of sustained high growth and increased economic weight. The more achievable and likely alternative is that of a coalitional or bridging power that can play the role of an effective partner in the security and other spheres to a range of powers, principally to the United States and in the Asia-Pacific and Indian Ocean regions.

scholarly journals Macroeconomics of growth

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-91
Author(s):  
Deepak Nayyar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Government Deficits ◽  
Inflation Rates ◽  
Investment Growth

Economic growth over fifty years in the Asian-14 has been stunning. Investment and savings, which rose rapidly, were the main drivers of growth. Education was also a sustained driver of growth on the supply-side. From the demand-side, growth was primarily private-consumption-expenditure led and investment led. The interaction between the supply-side and the demand-side suggests a virtuous circle of cumulative causation, where rapid investment growth coincided in time with rapid export growth, leading to rapid GDP growth. In macroeconomic management, the successful countries did not follow orthodox prescriptions of balanced budgets and price stability. Their primary macroeconomic objectives were economic growth and employment creation. Their macroeconomic policies were also more versatile in their use of policy instruments. Their success in maintaining high growth rates increased their degrees of freedom, which enabled them to finance government deficits and raise sustainable levels of government borrowing, while making higher inflation rates politically more acceptable, which would not have been possible if economic growth was slow.

scholarly journals Sumatera Utara: Pengembangan Potensi Daerah dalam Dikotomi Spasial dan Non Spasial

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-153
Author(s):  
Erika Sari Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Growth Region

North Sumatera is a province with various characteristics, both spatial and non -spatial. For many years there has been a debate about the large spatial gaps in development exist in North Sumatera. In this paper, the province is divided into four groups. The allocation of a regency into a group based on two dichotomies. Firstly, the spatial dichotomy between the regencies near Lake Toba and outside the lake area. Secondly, the economic development dichotomy among the regions of North Sumatera. The method to determine high or low growth region was Typology Klassen. The result is two region near the Lake Toba are high growth regions, however five of them are still stated as low growth regions. Meanwhile, for the regions outside Lake Toba, six of them are high growth regions and eight of them are still in the low growth regions.  In order to improve the economic growth of every region, it is important to promote and develop strategic local.

scholarly journals Pathway towards Sustainability in Selected Asian Countries: Influence of Green Investment, Technology Innovations, and Economic Growth on CO2 Emission

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12873
Author(s):  
Rundong Luo ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Kishwar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
Dynamic Ols ◽  
Green Investment ◽  
The Cross

Green investment and technology innovations are generally considered as an effective factor to mitigate CO2 emissions as these enhance cleaner production and energy efficacy. Thus, this study investigated the influence of green investment, technology innovations, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in selected Asian countries for the period 2001 to 2019. The Cross-Section dependency (CSD) signified the cross-section dependence in the panel countries, whereas CIPS and CADF testing affirmed the stationarity of all variables at the first difference. Consequently, the Westerlund cointegration method recognized a long-term association among variables. The outcomes of Panel Fully Modified OLS and Panel Dynamic OLS results indicated that green investment and technology innovations are helpful in mitigating CO2 emissions in selected Asian countries. In addition, the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) postulate is validated for the given time period and indicated inverted U-shaped linkages between the economic growth and CO2 emission. The outcomes of the remaining variables, including population growth, energy consumption, FDI inflow, and trade, are estimated to have an augmenting influence on CO2 emission. Our results regarding the FDI–CO2 emissions nexus support the presence of the pollution-haven hypothesis. Moreover, the estimated results from PFMOLS and PDOLS are validated by Granger Causality, and AMG and CCEMG tests. The study suggests the adoption of renewable sources as energy input and the promotion of innovations for energy efficiencies to reduce CO2 emissions in Asian economies.

Theoretical Insights into CO2 Reduction Reaction on CuPc/Graphene Single-Atomic Catalyst

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Yan ◽  
Pin Xia ◽  
Ling Huang ◽  
Haiquan Xu ◽  
Heqing Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Co2 Reduction Reaction

Excessive CO2 emission has caused severe greenhouse problems. CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is considered to be a promising strategy to effectively reduce CO2 emission, which not only captures CO2 in...

The Role of Religion and National Culture in Economic Growth of Emerging Markets

2014 ◽  
pp. 250-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish C. Chandan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Domestic Credit ◽  
The Protestant Work Ethic

Religion can influence economic growth and economic growth can influence religiosity (Barro & Mitchell, 2004; Barro & McCleary, 2003; McCleary, 2007). Earlier, Weber (1904, 1930, 1958) had suggested that the protestant work ethic gave rise to capitalism and that other major world religions including Catholicism, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism were not conducive to capitalism. However, the data on predicted growth rates and the current majority religion for the 24 emerging economies (Yeyati & Williams, 2012; IMF WEO, 2010) suggest these emerging economies with high growth rates include a variety of geo-political regions representing many different religions, national cultures, and even “no-religion” affiliation. For the same majority religion, the economic growth rates and Hofstede’s (1980) national culture dimensions vary among nations. Thus, religion alone is not sufficient to explain the higher economic growth of the emerging economies. The economic growth is influenced by additional social, political, and macroeconomic variables including human capital, infrastructure, technological progress, political stability, capital formation, domestic credit to private sector, foreign domestic investment, inflation rate, exchange rate, and international trade. In a secular sense, the religious beliefs and cultural values related to work and social ethic are conducive to economic growth through entrepreneurship and organizational effectiveness.

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