scholarly journals Patterns of Urban Spatial Expansion in European Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianni Guastella ◽  
Walid Oueslati ◽  
Stefano Pareglio
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Spatial Expansion ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Configural Frequency Analysis ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Urban Population Growth

In representing urban sprawl, the decline in population and employment density from the city centre to the periphery has been identified as the main character associated with the spatial expansion of built-up areas. Urban spatial discontinuity, which occurs when the urban fabric includes built-up or green areas and a relevant share of vacant spaces, has gained recent attention. In this paper, we use Global Human Settlement Layer data to track urbanisation dynamics in European Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) from 1990 to 2014. We represent urban sprawl as the spatial expansion of FUAs associated with either or both declining population density and increasing built-up area discontinuity. We also consider the association with the demographic trends that have been described as the primary driver of urban spatial expansion. We use configural frequency analysis to explore the local association between the different characters of sprawl. We found evidence that urban sprawl effectively took differentiated forms across European FUAs. Even though FUAs have generally become less dense and more disperse, our results show that the extent of these phenomena appears to be more contained in recent years than in previous decades. Both elements of sprawl characterise FUAs with a shrinking population, confirming the decoupling of urban development policies and demographic trends in cities. The results call for better controlled urban development, favouring compact cities and subjecting land-use changes to a perspective of urban population growth.

scholarly journals Modeling Urban Growth and Land Use Transition Using SLEUTH Model: The Case of Dilla City, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanit Mekonnen ◽  
Abel Hailu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Input Image ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Land Use Transition ◽  
Sleuth Model

Abstract Urban growth / urban sprawl are the extension of a residential region into the surrounding area. The negative face of urban development is urban sprawl, criticizing the cause of environmental deterioration, growing inequality and diminishing the viability of aesthetic and urban areas. An effective and efficient planning of urban development and changes in land use and its effects on the environment needs, among other important details, details on development trends and patterns. Over the years, several models of urban growth have been developed and used to predict trends of growth. SLEUTH models are used to simulate and predict urban growth and land use transition for 2020-2050 in the City of Dilla (Ethiopia) in the analysis of Geographic Information System (GIS). The word SLEUTH was derived from the model's input image specifications: slope, land cover, exclusion, urban, transport, and Hill shade. Input data preparation used a cumulative time series dataset of 30 years, i.e. 1989, 1999, 2009 and 2019, such as historical topographical maps and satellite imagery. The SLEUTH model uses the parameters of the best fit growth rule by narrowing coefficients in the calibration mode and passing them down to forecast potential urban growth trends, creating different probability maps and LULC maps. The models generated future urban growth pattern predicted in the 31 years' from 2019, there will be nearly 41.14% urban rise in 2020, 52.95% in 2030, 59.91% in 2040 and 64.30% in 2050. In general, the extension of the urban growth trend introduces new spreading centers that are indicative of urban growth.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Post Socialist Spatial Development of the Functional Urban Area of Veszprém, Hungary

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Iváncsics ◽  
Krisztina Filepné Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Important Trend ◽  
Urban Rural

Abstract The post-socialist era resulted remarkable changes in urban landscape in Eastern Europe and in Hungary. The special circumstances caused moderate level of urbanisation and special patterns of urban sprawl, traceable in land use changes. The urban sprawl and suburbanisation became an important trend around smaller Hungarian cities as well. Regulators are eager to rule the evolution of spaces, however, it is hard to control all aspects of land use. The research presented in this paper shows the dynamics of new artificial areas with the help of land use changes from the Corine Database for the functional urban area around Veszprém and attempts to find the most important policy responses to the growing artificial surfaces after transition. The research questions are: What are the most important trends in changing in-built areas in a small city after the transition? What kind of new artificial areas appeared and where are they situated? Were the land use plans and nature protection effective tools for manage urban sprawl? With the help of Corine land use changes between 1990-2018 the most important spatial changes are shown, and the different peri-urban areas are compared around the core town. Attention is drawn to the importance of regulation for sustainable land use and protection of resources. It also highlights the importance of the regulatory power of municipalities. Changes in the environment of Veszprém may give inspiration for the rethinking the relationship of urban-rural, and catchment area and core town.

scholarly journals Application of the INDI Model of the HQE²R Approach to Assess the Sustainability of a Neighbourhood: Case of Jijel City in Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Fouad Roula ◽  
Ammar Bouchair
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Development Project ◽  
District Level ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Initial State

Increased interest in developing sustainable urban areas has become an important feature in recent urban development studies. In fact, the question of neighbourhood sustainability assessment is a major part of this interest. Accordingly, a number of methods and tools for evaluating sustainable development projects in the urban areas have emerged particularly at district level. However, the urban development in Algeria is far from having achieved a clearly defined frame. This work therefore aims to demonstrate the contribution of sustainability assessment to any development project as well as the importance of the district level as a lever for local sustainable development. For this study, the district of the “Beach” formerly known as “Casino” located Jijel city centre, in Algeria, is chosen as a case study. We will focus on the assessment of its current state in relation to the principles and objectives of sustainable development, through a shared diagnosis of the Heritage, environmental Quality, Diversity, Integration, social Link (HQDIL) method and the INDicators Impact (INDI) model of the High Environmental Quality (HQE2R) approach. Along the same lines, a comparison between its initial state and the proposed development project by the land use plan study was made. The results obtained enabled us to draw up a detailed representation of each indicator on a sustainability scale. This led to deduce the degree of sustainability of the “Beach” district, thus to define the weak points, the strong points and to lead to a reflection on the issues and the action plan to be taken into account during a sustainable intervention on the latter. This work provides an aid to decision-making for researchers and urban actors, in order to orient urban development or renewal projects towards sustainability

SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT THROUGH URBAN CONSOLIDATION POLICY IN SHIRAZ, IRAN

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozhgan Samzadeh ◽  
Zunaibi Abdullah ◽  
Saari Omar ◽  
Aniza Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Physical Expansion ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Consolidation

In the past few decades, cities from various parts of the world have faced with unplanned and uncontrolled physical expansion due to inappropriate policies. Among different solutions against urban sprawl, the dominant sustainable cure is the so-called 'Urban Consolidation' (UC). This paper aims to explore urban sprawl characteristics and present its cause and effect on the sustainability criteria of Shiraz city, Iran. It is confined to an exploration of population growth and physical expansion of the city. The data has been collected from governmental organizations and documents. This paper examines UC policy implementation in the inner city of Shiraz to control low-density urban sprawl. As the result, this paper discovers that the policy emphasizes on the higher density housing development in existing urban areas considering the capacity of infrastructures and facilities’ availability prior to calculate housing targets to decrease the demand for Greenfield development. It concludes with a brief discussion on the challenges to achieve sustainable urban development goals in the city through UC strategies.

scholarly journals The Environmental Effects of Urban Development in Hanoi, Vietnam from Satellite and Meteorological Observations from 1999–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Nguyen ◽  
Tang-Huang Lin ◽  
Hai-Po Chan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
City Centre

Since 1990 the Hanoi capital region (or Hanoi metropolitan area) in Vietnam has undergone rapid development, which has gone together with increasing socio-economic growth and prosperity. However, the environmental degradation that has accompanied urban development has raised considerable concern from the public in recent years. This research investigates the effects of urban development on urban sprawl, urban heat island (UHI), and metropolitan weather phenomena that are related to the quality of urban life in the period from 1999–2016. To achieve these objectives, remote sensing technologies were applied to satellite images at three time points (i.e., 1999, 2009, and 2016) that were associated with the meteorological dataset from ground-based stations. The spatial distribution evolution was examined for the land use/land cover changes while using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI). The increasing impact of urban sprawl on UHI intensity is determined based on the land surface temperature (LST) in multi-temporal forms. Increasing urbanization with the development of gradual outward and northward expansion from the city centre intensified the correlation analysis shows that the UHI. The potential formation of new UHI areas in the near future is also indicated. Furthermore, more than 30% of the metropolitan area is decaying in ecological quality according to an assessment of the urban thermal field variance index (UTFVI). With respect to metropolitan weather, the urbanization in Hanoi affected the observation of meteorological parameters revealed that the relative humidity, total rainfall, temperature, and wind speed over both urban and rural areas. The overall results imply that urban development and its environmental effects and impacts have imposed pressing issues and new challenges to sustainable development in the Hanoi metropolitan area.

scholarly journals Evolution of Green Areas in Europe—A Comparison Between Three Urban Areas

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir ◽  
Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir ◽  
Kalantari ◽  
Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Architecture And Design

Urbanization is a continuous and dynamic process which has a direct impact on ecosystems and their services provided to human society. Restriction of green areas greatly accentuates urban ecological risks, having an immediate negative impact on their viability and sustainability, on life quality and population health. Increasing population density in urban areas leads to an increasing need for space. Parallel to the tentacular development of urban agglomerations, structure, architecture and design have changed, at the expense of green spaces. The development of urban areas in several European Countries (e.g., Romania, Portugal, Sweden, amid substantial demographic growth, it was made at the expense of green areas. Historical milestones of urban and peri-urban development are also key milestones in green space strategies, both in terms of development and conversion into different land-uses. This article investigates the evolution of green infrastructure in three distinct countries in Europe. In western Romania (Timisoara urban area and its neighboring peri-urban zones) we investigate the strong correlation with the evolution of urban development and the strategies developed for improving the life quality. In central Portugal, we analyze the dynamics of green infrastructures in a peri-urban catchment close to Coimbra city Centre, driven by long term urbanization. In Sweden (Malmö city), we study the history of blue-green infrastructures such as sustainable urban drainage over the past two decades and application of this in the physical planning. We will emphasize the main key milestones in green space strategies, similitudes and differences between three urban areas located in three different bio-geographical areas.

scholarly journals URBANIZATION EFFECTS ON LAND USE CHANGES WITHIN THE URBAN AGGLOMERATION CHISINAU

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodica Sirbu ◽  
Vadim Cujba
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Demographic Pressure ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
Demographic Forecast

This article evaluates the effects of urbanization on the land use within the Chisinau agglomeration. The research carried out regarding situation in Stăuceni commune, confirms that the peri-urban area, undergoes a period of significant spatial and functional transformation, influenced by the demographic pressure, poorly controlled urban development and the intensification of the land relations. By implementing the project “Chisinau Arena” on the territory of Stăuceni commune, the plan for territorial expansion of Chisinau city (in peri-urban areas located on major transport axes) is reconfirmed. At the same time, the demographic forecast presented in scenario III, according to UN for population, shows that the Chisinau population will decrease dramatically, towards 2035, therefore it is necessary that the spatial planning plans to be adapted quickly to the pace of demographic changes, to avoid compromising the infrastructure projects and squandering land in the suburban areas.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT THROUGH URBAN CONSOLIDATION POLICY IN SHIRAZ, IRAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozhgan Samzadeh ◽  
Zunaibi Abdullah ◽  
Saari Omar ◽  
Aniza Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Physical Expansion ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Consolidation

In the past few decades, cities from various parts of the world have faced with unplanned and uncontrolled physical expansion due to inappropriate policies. Among different solutions against urban sprawl, the dominant sustainable cure is the so-called 'Urban Consolidation' (UC). This paper aims to explore urban sprawl characteristics and present its cause and effect on the sustainability criteria of Shiraz city, Iran. It is confined to an exploration of population growth and physical expansion of the city. The data has been collected from governmental organizations and documents. This paper examines UC policy implementation in the inner city of Shiraz to control low-density urban sprawl. As the result, this paper discovers that the policy emphasizes on the higher density housing development in existing urban areas considering the capacity of infrastructures and facilities’ availability prior to calculate housing targets to decrease the demand for Greenfield development. It concludes with a brief discussion on the challenges to achieve sustainable urban development goals in the city through UC strategies.

scholarly journals Urbanization and Urban Sprawl Issues in City Structure: A Case of the Sulaymaniah Iraqi Kurdistan Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivan Jarah ◽  
Bo Zhou ◽  
Rebaz Abdullah ◽  
Yawen Lu ◽  
Wenting Yu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
City Structure

This novel study explores the driving forces and dynamics of rapid urbanization, highlighting the main causes and effects of urban explosion, environmental disruption, and city pattern transformation. This study was carried out that how urbanization and urban sprawl have influenced the structure of the city of Sulaymaniah in Kurdistan region of Iraq. This is because over the years many urban areas have experienced dramatic growth and population explosion that has resulted in the exhaustion of social amenities in the concerned communities. For this purpose, a qualitative method is used based on in-depth face-to-face interviews with local authority, including planners, architects, and experts of master planning, as well as professors in the academic institutions. This study also utilizes extensive document analysis to present the evolution of urban growth. The findings reveal that the autonomy, political conflict, non-implementation of master plans, and economic prosperity are the driving forces which are accelerating this urbanization process. It is proposed that the practical policies and strategic urban development plans are urgent requirement to control the unplanned urban growth and stimulate the desired sustainable future urban development.

scholarly journals Effects of Urban Expansion on Agricultural Resources: A Case Study of Embu Town in Kenya

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Eliud K. Murimi ◽  
Lucy K. Njeru ◽  
Bernard M. Gichimu ◽  
Samuel N. Ndirangu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Agricultural Resources ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: To determine the effect of urban development on agricultural resources in peri-urban areas of Embu town. Study Design:  Descriptive survey design involving observational and survey methods. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in three sub-locations lying within the peri-urban areas of Embu town, namely, Kamiu to the East, Njukiri to the West and Nthambo to the North of the town. The study was carried out from June to August 2018. Methodology: Purposive stratified sampling was applied in this study where the three sub-locations were organized into three strata depending on their distance from the Central Business District i.e. 2, 4 and 6 Km for Kamiu, Njukiri and Nthambo respectively. A structured questionnaire was administered to 51 households per sub-location making a total of 153 respondents. Additional data was collected using personal observations and interviews with selected institutions with key information relating the study area. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Descriptive analysis was carried out to generate frequencies and correlations. Quantitative data was subjected to Analysis of Variance where the three sub-locations were considered as treatments and means separated using Least Significant Difference at 95% level of confidence. Results: The results indicated that urban development had encroached into hitherto agricultural areas exerting pressure into available agricultural resources such as land, water and labour thus contributing to reduced farming activities in the area. Significant differences between the three sub-locations were observed in average farm sizes, proportion of land allocated to farming, proportion of farmers in the area and availability of irrigation water and agricultural labour. The study recommends policy interventions to manage peri-urbanization in Embu and other towns with similar set up, in order to reduce degradation of agricultural resources and control unsustainable land sub-division and land use changes.

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