scholarly journals Natural Capital Evolution and Driving Forces in Energy-Rich and Ecologically Fragile Regions: A Case Study of Ningxia Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Shanshan Guo ◽  
Yinghong Wang ◽  
Huping Hou ◽  
Changyue Wu ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capital Flows ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Capital Flow ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Ecological Deficit ◽  
Consumption Demand

Ningxia Province is rich in energy but fragile in ecology. How to coordinate sustainable utilization of natural capital and the fragile ecological environment is a significant guarantee for social-economic development. This study uses the improved three-dimensional ecological footprint to characterize the utilization status of natural capital flows and stocks in Ningxia Province from 2004 to 2017. Additionally, the driving factors behind changes in the natural capital stock are revealed by the partial least squares method (PLS). The results are as follows: (1) From 2004 to 2017, ecological footprint increased rapidly in Ningxia Province at an annual rate of 4.52%, resulting in a increase of the ecological deficit from 1.64 to 3.85 gha/cap at an annual rate of 6.8%, among which, Yinchuan city and Shizuishan city had the largest ecological deficit, while Guyuan city basically maintained ecological surplus. The fossil energy land and cropland were the main components of ecological footprint. (2) The consumption of capital stock in Ningxia Province continued to grow at an annual rate of 3.12%, from a value of 2.28 times overusing the existing area in 2004, increasing to 3.41 times in 2017. While the EF size increased slightly with an annual rate of 1.95%. The capital stock consumption was concentrated in Yinchuan and Shizuishan, and the capital flow consumption was concentrated in Wuzhong, Guyuan, and Zhongwei. (3) The capital flows of forest land and built-up land basically meet consumption demand, while the capital stock occupation of grassland, water and fossil energy land was serious. By 2017, the capital flow of cropland could basically satisfy people’s consumption demand. (4) The urbanization rate, GDP, the secondary industry output value and per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents were the main influence factors on the natural capital stock consumption. These findings not only are of real significance in promoting the coordinated development between economy and natural capital utilization in Ningxia Province but also have policy implications in improving the utilization efficiency of natural capital in energy-rich ecologically fragile regions.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Sustainable Utilization Level of Water Resources in the Wuhan Metropolitan Area Based on a Three-Dimensional Water Ecological Footprint Model

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3505
Author(s):  
Dongzhe Liang ◽  
Hongwei Lu ◽  
Liyang Feng ◽  
Lihua Qiu ◽  
Li He
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Wuhan Metropolitan Area ◽  
Water Resources Utilization

The shortage and overexploitation of water resources restrict the sustainable development of metropolitan areas. To evaluate the sustainable utilization level of water resources, we identified the occupancy of natural capital stock and the consumption of natural capital flow by water resources consumption and analyzed the factors influencing water resources consumption in metropolitan area development. We took the Wuhan Metropolitan Area in China from 2010 to 2019 as the research object and introduced footprint depth and size, the water ecological footprint (WEF) model was expanded into the three-dimensional WEF model. Based on this model, an evaluation system for the sustainable utilization level of water resources was constructed with five indices—water ecological deficit, water ecological surplus, water ecological pressure, WEF depth, and WEF size. Finally, the driving factors of WEF change were analyzed using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index. The evaluation of the sustainable utilization level of water resources showed that the Wuhan Metropolitan Area as a whole experienced water ecological surplus from 2010 to 2019, but there were different degrees of water ecological deficit in its inner urban areas, and the most serious cumulative deficit was 5.02 ha/cap in Ezhou. In 2011 and 2019, the sustainable utilization level of water resources in the metropolitan area reached a relatively unsustainable state. Xianning was the urban area with the most sustainable utilization level of water resources. During the study period, the metropolitan area did not occupy the natural capital stock of water resources, and the natural capital flow of water resources in the inner urban areas could meet the demand of the current consumption of the region in 2010 and 2016. The analysis of the driving factors of WEF change showed that economic development effect and population pressure effect had a positive driving effect on WEF change, while WEF intensity effect and water resources carrying capacity effect had the opposite effect. Finally, according to the research results, it can be seen that improving the efficiency of water resources utilization, protecting the natural capital stock of water resources, realizing differentiated regional development through the market economy and developing water policy can be helpful to improve the level of sustainable water resources utilization.

Ecological footprint of the Chinese population, environment and development

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHEN DONGJING ◽  
CHENG GUODONG ◽  
XU ZHONGMIN ◽  
ZHANG ZHIQIANG
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
The Road ◽  
Ecological Deficit ◽  
Expenditure Elasticity ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
On The Road

The ecological footprint (EF) can be used to investigate relationships between population, environment and development. In China, the per caput EF is estimated to have increased by 83% between 1981 (0.82 ha caput-1) and 2000 (1.49 ha caput-1), to about 1.31 times China's area (including its oceanic territory), while the ecological deficit increased from 0.066 ha caput-1 in 1981 to 0.735 ha caput-1 in 2000. Over this period, the proportions of six sub-footprint types have changed considerably: the percentages of arable, fossil energy and forest land decreased from 44.8%, 41.5% and 4.1% to 27.1%, 40.1% and 3.0%, respectively; while sea, pasture and built-up land percentages increased from 3.8%, 4.4% and 1.3% to 15.2%, 12.4% and 2.2%, respectively. The production coefficients of gross domestic product (GDP) to the EF of China increased from 584 RMB ha-1 in 1981, to 1522 RMB ha-1 in 2000, reflecting an increasing efficiency in resource use. The EF correlates positively with disposable income and expenditure, which can be described by income and expenditure elasticity. Some measures are suggested to decrease the Chinese ecological deficit on the road to sustainability.

Ecological Footprint Analysis of Resource-Based and Heavy Industrial City Sustainable Development

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1664-1668
Author(s):  
Ming Wu ◽  
Yao Yao ◽  
Feng Rui Jia ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Development Status ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Ecological Deficit ◽  
Energy Footprint ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Footprint Analysis ◽  
Development State

The ecological footprint model with food, house, energy and waste as consumption accounts through analysis of urban matter and energy consumption was established. Based on 2000-2009 data of Fushun, a resource-based and heavy industrial city, ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity and ecological surplus/deficit of Fushun were analyzed, respectively, and then urban sustainable development status was evaluated. The results show that the urban development state is ecological deficit and ecological deficit index have been increased from 5.227hm2/cap to 6.516hm2/cap during 2000-2009, Fushun is always under an overload condition, which is highly unsustainable. The ecological footprint is 89.39% made up by the fossil energy footprint on average, the main consumption of Fushun's development are fossil energy land. And then urban 104 Yuan GDP ecological footprint index decreased from 5.660 hm2/cap to 2.247hm2/cap during 2000-2009, the urban energy utilizing efficiency have been improved.

scholarly journals Assessing Ecological Carrying Capacity in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Based on a Three-Dimensional Ecological Footprint Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9705
Author(s):  
Ye-Ning Wang ◽  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
Hao-Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Footprint Model ◽  
Ecological Carrying Capacity ◽  
Ecological Deficit ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Utilization Patterns

As one of the most developed and competitive metropolitan areas in the world, the contradiction between resource depletion and sustainable development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GHMGBA) has become a crucial issue nowadays. This paper analyzed the natural capital utilization patterns in GHMGBA during 2009–2016 based on a three-dimensional ecological footprint model. Ecological carrying capacity intensity (ECintensity) was calculated to optimize the accounting of ecological carrying capacity (EC). Ecological footprint depth (EFdepth) and ECintensity were quantitatively investigated and influencing factors were further explored based on a partial least squares (PLS) model. Results showed that GHMGBA had been operating in a deficit state due to the shortage of natural capital flow and accumulated stock depletion. The highest EFdepth occurred in Macao (17.11~26.21) and Zhongshan registering the lowest (2.42~3.58). Cropland, fossil energy and construction land constituted the most to total ecological deficit, while woodland was continuously in a slight surplus. Natural capital utilization patterns of 11 cities were divided into four categories through hierarchical clustering analysis. Driving factors of EFdepth, ECintensity and three-dimensional ecological deficit (ED3D) were mainly students in primary and secondary education, disposable income, consumption expenditure, R&D personnel and freight volume. Our findings could provide guidance for decision-makers to develop resource utilization portfolios in GHMGBA.

Dynamic Analysis and Prediction of Ecological Footprint in Jilin Province of China Based on Grey Prediction Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 472 ◽  
pp. 899-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biao Gao ◽  
Qing Tao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Jilin Province ◽  
Grey Prediction ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Ecological Capacity ◽  
Grey Prediction Model ◽  
Ecological Deficit ◽  
Gray Prediction ◽  
Per Capita

The paper calculates ecological footprint per capita and ecological capacity per capita in the Jilin province during 1998 and 2010 by using the ecological footprint theory, and analyzes the dynamic changes of ecological footprint per capita and ecological capacity per capita, and obtains development prediction model of ecological footprint per capita and ecological capacity per capita based on grey prediction model. The results indicate the ecological footprint per capita had increased continuously from 1.7841 hm2 per capita to 3.2013 hm2 per capita between 1998 and 2010. During this period, ecological capacity per capita dropped from 1.3535 hm2 per capita to 1.3028 hm2 per capita. Ecological deficit had increased from 0.4306 hm2 per capita to 1.8985 hm2 per capita that showed that the development of Jilin province was in an unsustainable status. The gray prediction model shows the ecological footprint per capita in the Jilin province will increase from 3.4833 hm2 per capita to 5.7022 hm2 per capita between 2011 and 2020, ecological capacity per capita will drop from 1.2978 hm2 per capita to 1.2676 hm2 per capita and ecological deficit will increase from 2.1855 hm2 per capita to 4.4346 hm2 per capita.

scholarly journals Financial and Economic Safety: Formal Statement of the Task of Capital Flows Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
V.Ye. Likhtenshtein ◽  
V.P. Los ◽  
G.V. Ross ◽  
E.D. Tyshuk
Keyword(s):  
Capital Flows ◽  
Capital Flow ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Flow Modeling ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Formal Statement

The problem of global financial and economic security is considered. A substantive and formal formulation of the problem of capital flow modeling is formulated, based on two groups of theorems on economic management mechanisms: the planned mechanism and the market mechanism. The main characteristics of capital flow assessment are revealed.This is an analysis of the situation in which it can be interpreted. The structure of the flow of water and the market mechanism were determined and proposed.

scholarly journals INTRA ASEAN-5 CAPITAL FLOWS: DO THEY REPRESENT NEOCLASSICAL BELIEF OR LUCAS PARADOX?

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-182
Author(s):  
Nurul Qolbi ◽  
Akhmad Syakir Kurnia
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Capital Flow ◽  
Marginal Product ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Quality Of Institutions ◽  
Marginal Product Of Capital ◽  
Asean Countries

In the neoclassical belief, capital flows downhill from rich to poor countries as a consequence of capital endowment variation. In contrast to the neoclassical belief, Lucas found evidence that capital tends to flow uphill. This paper investigates the intra ASEAN-5 capital flows. Using panel estimation, we found that marginal product of capital, human capital, total factor productivity growth, and the quality of institutions appear as determinants for the capital flow from Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand to Singapore as a host country. On the contrary, the capital flow from Singapore to other ASEAN countries as host countries is encouraged only by the quality of institutions, human capital as well as per capita GDP. The result shows that Lucas variables emerge as determinants for the uphill and downhill capital flow in ASEAN-5. In the meantime, marginal product of capital that represents neoclassical variable appears as the determinant for uphill capital flow from other ASEAN countries to Singapore. This gives significant insight that Lucas variables emerge as companion to the neoclassical variables in explaining intra ASEAN capital flow

scholarly journals Fairness analysis and compensation strategy in the Triangle of Central China  driven by water-carbon-ecological footprints

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizhong Chen ◽  
Hongwei Lu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Youfeng Qiao ◽  
Pengdong Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Central China ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Ecological Footprints

Abstract This study proposes water–carbon–ecological footprints to form footprint family indicators for identifying the ecological compensation and regional development equilibrium in the Triangle of Central China (TOCC). The occupation of natural capital stock and flow consumption can be illustrated through a three-dimensional ecological footprint model, and Gini coefficient is integrated into the evaluation framework for fairness measurement from various aspects. Quantificational ecological compensation standards can be given with concerns of ecological resource conversion efficiency and willingness to pay indicators. Results reveal that there exit rising trends in ecological and carbon footprints in the TOCC from 2000 to 2015, while its water footprint presents a fluctuating trend. A majority of average Gini coefficients exceed the warning value (i.e., 0.4) under different footprints, implying a relatively poor overall fairness of regional development. In terms of water footprint, the relatively higher compensation expenses exist in Jingmen, Xiangtan, and Yichun, while Yichang, Zhuzhou, and Fuzhou have higher received compensation values as compared with other cities. When it comes to carbon footprint, Wuhan, Loudi, and Xinyu should pay higher compensation expenses due to their overuse of biological resources. The highest amounts of compensation expense appear in Nanchang and Wuhan from the perspective of ecological footprint.

scholarly journals Do Sounder Banks Make Calmer Waters? The Link between Bank Regulations and Capital Flow Waves

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 516-522
Author(s):  
Kristin J. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Capital Flows ◽  
Financial Intermediation ◽  
Capital Flow ◽  
Sudden Stops ◽  
Capital Asset ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Bank Regulations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Waves

This paper tests if prudential and macroprudential regulations have meaningfully reduced the incidence of capital flow “waves,” that is, of sudden stops and surges of capital flows from abroad. The results support other work documenting changes since 2008 in how global factors affect capital flows but provide mixed evidence on how regulations have affected the incidence of sharp capital flow movements. Regulations that strengthen banks (such as higher capital-asset ratios) meaningfully reduce the incidence of surges, but tighter macroprudential regulations appear to have done little to reduce the incidence of capital flow waves--and are even correlated with an increased risk of sudden stops. This may reflect their limited use to date, or how they interact with different types of capital flows. Macroprudential regulations may have reduced the volume and volatility of bank flows but shifted financial intermediation outside the regulated sector and thereby increased the volatility of debt and equity flows. These reforms could still provide important benefits, however, in terms of building the resilience of banks and thereby mitigating the negative effects of capital flow waves on the broader economy. Even if the waters are not much calmer, the waves should do less damage.

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