scholarly journals Measuring Improvement of Economic Condition in State-Owned Forest Farms’ in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongyuan Chen ◽  
Wenhui Chen ◽  
Mingxing Hu ◽  
Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chinese State ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Forest Farm

An important policy cornerstone for China to reduce poverty includes China’s goal of achieving complete poverty alleviation in its state-owned forest farms by 2020. This study describes and documents the poverty reduction effect in impoverished Chinese state-owned forest farms. Based on a sample of 4855 state-owned forest farms in 31 provinces in China from 2008 to 2017, this paper uses the difference-in-difference method to study the dynamic process of poverty reduction by policies for impoverished state-owned forest farms. The results show that the implementation of the policy significantly promoted the economic development of impoverished state-owned forest farms and caused the treatment group to increase by approximately 10.6% over the control group. Moreover, the establishment of a list of impoverished state-owned forest farms had an indirect impact on the economic performance of forest farms, through channels such as infrastructure poverty alleviation, human capital investment, and per capita income of forest farm employees. Additionally, the effects of the policy on non-impoverished counties were stronger than that on impoverished counties, and impoverished state-owned forest farms may not appear in impoverished counties. The degree of financial dependence of the local government had a significant positive impact on the economic development of impoverished state-owned forest farms. The effects of the policy on different forest farms were heterogeneous. Our study provides recommendations for the future development of impoverished Chinese state-owned forest farms and for the improvement of poverty alleviation efficiency.

scholarly journals Poverty Reduction Programme in Nigeria: An Assessment of its Implementation in Enugu State

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Dilichukwu A. Omemma ◽  
Chukwuemeka Okafor
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Monitoring Mechanism ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Enugu State

The study has as its main thrust the evaluation of the implementation of the national poverty reduction programme in Enugu State of Nigeria. Using cross-sectional and exploratory methods of data collection and analysis, the study discovered that, compared to most states in other parts of the country, Enugu State has a low poverty profile owing to the relative positive impact of the implementation of poverty alleviation programme. Nevertheless, policy inconsistency and mismanagement deny the programme from becoming a total success; hence the existence of a larger number of citizens that are in absolute poverty. It is therefore suggested that the way out of the ineffective poverty reduction programme in Enugu State is the effective monitoring mechanism and the creation of an enabling environment for wealth creation and employment generation.

scholarly journals Does Social Medical Insurance Achieve a Poverty Reduction Effect in China?

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Le Sun ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Li-Min Jin
Keyword(s):  
Utility Maximization ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Insurance Reform ◽  
Insurance Reimbursement ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Social Medical Insurance ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to explore the impact of social medical insurance (SMI) on poverty reduction (PR) in China. Considering the time-varying characteristics of factors, this paper uses the bootstrap Granger full sample causality and subsample rolling window model to find the relationship between SMI and PR. The results highlight that in some periods, there is a bidirectional causal link between SMI and PR. Influenced by the medical insurance reform and medication measures. Social medical insurance does not have a positive impact on poverty reduction in some periods. These results are supported by the Utility Maximization Model of Insurance Consumption, which highlights that individuals make utility maximization choices when choosing insurance. The effect of medical insurance on poverty alleviation depends on whether an individual's investment in medical insurance can maximize its utility. If the proportion of social medical insurance reimbursement is too low, individuals will give up buying social medical insurance. Thus, the anti-poverty effect of social medical insurance is difficult to achieve. Therefore, authorities need to pay attention to specific contexts and social medical insurance policies and further improve the social medical insurance system to promote the realization of the anti-poverty of social medical insurance.

Reflections on Microfinance

2019 ◽  
pp. 188-207
Author(s):  
Sovik Mukherjee ◽  
Ramesh Chandra Das
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Socio Economic Development

Microfinance has become the latest buzzword in the credit markets where it shoulders the responsibility of alleviating poverty coupled with socio-economic development. Dealing with microfinance coupled with the issue of poverty reduction, the first concern is to handle the twin objectives of poverty alleviation and achievement of financial self-sufficiency, which are often at loggerheads. To begin with, the present chapter constructs a five-dimensional human poverty index (HPI) in terms of the rate of unemployment, state wise illiteracy rate, state-wise infant mortality rate, state-wise percentage of population below the poverty line, and the percentage of population not having an access to electricity for the states across India. Thus, this will serve as an index for the extent of poverty. Consequently, a fall in the value of the index actually implies poverty alleviation. This empirical model does not justify the hypothesis that “microfinance reduces poverty” at the macro level using cross-state panel data for India.

Analysis of income determinants among rural households in Kosovo

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-457
Author(s):  
Prespa Ymeri ◽  
Arben Musliu ◽  
Jehona Shkodra ◽  
Iliriana Miftari ◽  
Csaba Fogarassy
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Alternative Employment ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Nonfarm Income ◽  
Nonfarm Employment

AbstractKosovo is one of the poorest countries in Europe, despite the various poverty alleviation programs implemented by the authorities and the international funding community. This study aims to analyze income distribution inequality and factors behind rural households' poverty in Kosovo. Data on farm income, nonfarm income, unearned income, and socio-economic characteristics were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire from 203 randomly selected households in Kosovo. Linear regression, one-way ANOVA, and different versions of poverty indexes were used to examine the data. One-quarter of households' income comes from nonfarm activities. The middle-income households had the highest potential to find alternative employment in the nonfarm sector. Years of education, household size, number of family members above the age of 18, and total income had a positive impact on nonfarm revenues. The poorest rural households had the highest share of income from farm activities (77.52%). Nonfarm revenues have a positive impact on poverty alleviation; thus, the study suggests adopting suitable rural policies to enhance nonfarm employment for vulnerable rural households. The agro-tourism sector and circular economy approaches in agriculture with the focus on renewable energy can be considered as potential sources of nonfarm income, which could lead to sustainable poverty reduction.

scholarly journals Effectivity of near-peer teaching in training of basic surgical skills – a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsolt Pintér ◽  
Dániel Kardos ◽  
Péter Varga ◽  
Eszter Kopjár ◽  
Anna Kovács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Student Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Surgical Skills ◽  
Peer Teaching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Students Satisfaction

Abstract Background Near-peer teaching (NPT) is a special way of teaching where the tutor is one or more academic years ahead of the person being tutored. The literature agrees on the benefits of the method, but there are only a few publications examining its effectiveness using objective methods. The aim of our study was to examine the effectiveness of NPT in the training of basic surgical skills. Methods We included 60 volunteer students who participated in a 20 × 45 min long surgical skills course. Based on the results of a pre-course test, we randomly divided the students into six equal groups. All groups completed the same curriculum, with three groups being assisted by a NPT tutor. After the course, they completed the same test as at the beginning. The exams were recorded on anonymized videos and were blindly evaluated. The students’ satisfaction was monitored using a self-administered online anonymous questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. Results Overall, student performance improved with completion of the course (from 119.86 to 153.55 points, p <  0.01). In groups where a NPT tutor assisted, students achieved a significantly better score (37.20 vs. 30.18 points improvement, p = 0.036). The difference was prominent in surgical knotting tasks (14.73 vs. 9.30 points improvement, p <  0.01). In cases of suturing (15.90 vs. 15.46 points) and laparoscopy (7.00 vs. 4.98 points), the presence of the NPT tutor did not significantly affect development. Based on student feedback, although students positively assessed the presence of NPT, it did not significantly improve students’ overall satisfaction since it was already 4,82 on a scale of 5 in the control group. Conclusions Overall, involving a NPT tutor had a positive impact on student development. An outstanding difference was observed in connection with knotting techniques.

scholarly journals The Influence of Leadership, Motivation and Work Culture on the Performance of Poverty Reduction Program in the Administrative City of North Jakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Saut Fernando Aritonang ◽  
Sadu Wasistiono ◽  
Musa Hubeis ◽  
Dewi Sulistyani
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Leadership Motivation ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Reduction Program ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of

This study aims to analyze how much the influence of leadership, motivation and work culture on the performance of the Poverty Reduction Program in the Administrative City of North Jakarta. The research location is in North Jakarta City, DKI Jakarta Province. The selection of location is based on the assumption that the difference in status has an impact on the leadership under it vertically.The research method uses a quantitative approach with a total population of 1,724,161 people. The sampling technique was proportional stratified random sampling using the Slovin formula, with a total of 95 samples. The data analysis technique in the research that will be carried out is simple linear regression and multiple linear regression to analyze the variables studied. The results of the study prove that leadership has an effect on 14.1%, motivation has an effect on 50.2%, work culture has an effect on 48.8%, leadership, motivation and work culture have an effect on 50.4% of poverty in North Jakarta simultaneously. Recommendations from this research, (1) the importance of transformational leadership supported by managerial progress, education and commitment, (2) the importance of motivation both internally and externally, supported by rewards and punishments, (3) the need for a commitment so that the work culture is stronger so that it will have a positive impact on the implementation of the program to become more optimal, (4) the importance of commitment, management and availability of human resources potential, according to the needs and placements in accordance with their fields.

The impact of microfinance programs on monetary poverty reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Mustafa Hassan Elsafi ◽  
Elsadig Musa Ahmed ◽  
Santhi Ramanathan
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Welfare Indicators ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Loan Size ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of microfinance programs sponsored by Sudanese microfinance institutions (SMFIs) on monetary poverty reduction in Sudan where poverty is widely spread. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted the control group approach, where income and expenditure are taken as welfare indicators. The updated World Bank’s international poverty line of 1.90 per person per day was adopted to separate the poor from non-poor. The data were collected by the means of a questionnaire distributed to a random sample of beneficiaries in the institution under study. The study adapted the Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) model to evaluate the role of microfinance programs in poverty reduction. Furthermore, to gain more insight into the impact of the program, a preliminary analysis was conducted using the independent-samples t-test to examine the difference in the welfare indicators for the sample of the control group and treatment group as well as that of the small loan group and micro-loan group. Findings The findings show that the microfinance program provided by SMFIs has reduced the monetary poverty among the participants. The results also reveal that beneficiaries who had received a larger volume of loan were noted lesser poverty than those who had received very small loan size. Moreover, the results demonstrate that poverty indices based on expenditure as a welfare indicator are far lower than those based on income for both groups. Originality/value This study contributes to the available literature by filling the gaps through including income and expenditure as monetary variables, which included separately in previous studies adopted the FGT model in the area of microfinance, in addition to exploring the role of loan size in the effect of microfinance on poverty reduction.

scholarly journals Challenge or opportunity of climate financial fragmentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-303
Author(s):  
Chao Liang ◽  
Bai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Climate Finance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multilateral Institutions ◽  
The Difference

Purpose This study aims to investigate the environmental effects of climate financial fragmentation in the form of emerging multilateral institutions. Design/methodology/approach Among the countries that have economic relations with China, those involved in climate finance cooperation are taken as the experimental group, and those not involved in other areas are taken as a control group. Using system generalized method of moments regression, the difference-in-differences method is used to test the environmental effects of climate finance cooperation of emerging multilateral institutions. In this way, this study explores the financial and trade mechanisms of cooperation among emerging multilateral institutions. Findings The results of this empirical study show that the cooperation of emerging multilateral institutions has a positive impact on the environment. Research results further reveal the financial and trade mechanisms of climate finance cooperation projects. When the invested countries are more likely to obtain international capital, environmental effects will be greater. However, trade intimacy could inhibit the improved environmental effects. Originality/value This research is one of the few studies to test the environmental effects of climate financial fragmentation empirically. This study provides a better understanding of the multilateral cooperation of emerging economic entities and China’s climate finance policy, thus providing evidence for the collaborative governance of global climate finance.

scholarly journals The effect of economic development incentives and clawback provisions on job creation: A pre-registered evaluation of Maryland and Virginia programs

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205316801771364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan M. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Incentive Programs ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Target Individual ◽  
Economic Development Incentives ◽  
Development Incentives ◽  
The Impact

Economic development incentives target individual firms for financial or non-financial benefits to induce capital investment or job creation. Previous studies have found a mixed impact of incentives on economic development, with numerous studies pointing to no impact of incentives on economic growth or job creation. I add to this literature by analyzing two different state economic development incentive programs using the same methods and time-period, allowing for direct comparability. My analysis is the first, “pre-registered” study of incentives, where all of the data collection, design and methodological decisions were made and documented prior to receiving the data. Using a pre-registered matching method design, I estimate the impact of Maryland and Virginia’s flagship economic development incentives on job creation. My main finding is that these incentive programs had essentially zero impact on job creation when they are compared to a control group of similar firms. My secondary results find that even after removing firms from the analysis that were subject to “clawbacks” based on non-compliance with the incentive agreement do not improve the overall performance of the program.

scholarly journals Some Thoughts on the Dilemma and Solution of E-commerce Poverty Relief

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guizhen Wen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Relief Work ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poverty Relief ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Countermeasures And Suggestions

Abstract: Rural e-commerce has made remarkable achievements in driving the poor areas to change the mode of economic development, optimize the industrial structure, help the poor farmers to find jobs and start businesses, and achieve income increase, which has become a new engine for poverty relief in the current poor areas. This paper summarizes the poverty reduction effect of rural e-commerce, analyzes the current factors restricting the poverty-relief work of the e-commerce, and on this basis, puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions on how to solve these difficulties.

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