scholarly journals Increasing Grazing in Dairy Cow Milk Production Systems in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre Hennessy ◽  
Luc Delaby ◽  
Agnes van den Pol-van Dasselaar ◽  
Laurence Shalloo
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Tools And Techniques

In temperate regions of Europe where grass grows for most of the year, grazed pasture is the lowest cost feed for milk production. Grazed pasture can make a contribution to dairy cow feeding systems in other parts of Europe, but is less important. While there are many challenges to maintaining or increasing the proportion of grazed grass in dairy cow diets, there are also opportunities to increase its contribution. Grass use and quality can be challenging for several reasons, including the cow and sward interaction, and factors influencing dry matter intake. Adapting grazing management strategies can provide opportunities for incorporating grazing and perhaps increase grazing in dairy cow milk production systems. Pasture management tools and techniques offer the opportunity to increase herbage use at grazing. While there are many benefits of grazing including economic, environmental, animal welfare and social, there are also the challenges to maintaining grazed pasture in dairy cow diets. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of the challenges and opportunities for grazing in dairy milk production systems.

Leaching losses of N under grazed irrigated and non-irrigated pastures

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. PAKROU ◽  
P. J. DILLON
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Current Transition

High spatial and temporal variability of nitrogen application via livestock urine on grazed pasture make meaningful measurement of leaching of nitrate very difficult. The present study was aimed at estimating the mean annual nitrogen loadings and concentrations leached to an underlying aquifer beneath unfertilized irrigated and non-irrigated paddocks of a dairy farm at OB Flat 10 km south of the city of Mount Gambier (37°50′S, 140°40′E), South Australia. Urine was collected in the milking shed and applied to 1 m deep monolith lysimeters in three separate seasons in 1992. Some lysimeters received two applications. Drainage and N fluxes and concentrations were recorded 1 year before urine application and for 3 years following urine applications. A negative binomial function was used to specify the appropriate proportions of pasture subject to 0, 1 or 2 loadings in a year, and the lysimeter drainage measurements were then scaled across seasons and paddock area to estimate mean annual leaching under the whole of each paddock. It was found that the timing of urine application had a profound effect on the leaching of nitrogen. Results indicated that the nitrate flux leaching from the root zone in the irrigated paddock was 26–33 kg N/ha/year at 13–17 mg N/litre and in the non-irrigated paddock, 10–13 kg N/ha/year at 9–11 mg N/litre. These estimates are not inconsistent with nitrate concentrations measured in groundwater but cannot be independently verified. The current transition from non-irrigated to irrigated pastures is likely to double nitrogen loads to the aquifer and cause nitrate concentrations in groundwater to exceed drinking water guidelines, unless alternative pasture management strategies are developed.

Managing the grazing dairy cow through the transition period: a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 936 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Kay ◽  
J. J. Loor ◽  
A. Heiser ◽  
J. McGowan ◽  
J. R. Roche
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows

The transition period of the dairy cow generally refers to the last three weeks of gestation and the first three weeks of lactation. During this period, the dairy cow faces numerous physiological challenges, requiring both homeostatic and homeorhetic changes to support the demands of lactation. Management strategies to achieve a successful transition have developed over many decades. Historically, these strategies focussed on achieving high energy intakes pre-calving in an attempt to improve post-calving metabolism; however, more recent research has indicated that this approach may not be appropriate. Physiological and molecular data have indicated that imposing a slight negative energy balance (EBAL) pre-calving can improve post-calving EBAL, metabolic health indices and milk production. It was hypothesised that the challenges of the transition period would be less in a grazing system than in an intensive confinement system, due to the lower milk production and the difference in population density and, therefore, pathogen exposure. However, the molecular and immunological responses to the change of state are similar in magnitude in a moderate-yielding pasture-fed cow and in a high-yielding cow fed a total mixed ration. The collective data point to a peripartum immunosuppression, which is affected by body condition score and feeding level. This review will outline the literature and provide an assessment of the most recent transition cow management for grazing dairy cows.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal nematodes and Fasciola hepatica in Norwegian cattle herds: a questionnaire to investigate farmers’ perceptions and control strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonje Opsal ◽  
Ingrid Toftaker ◽  
Ane Nødtvedt ◽  
Lucy Jane Robertson ◽  
Kristoffer Relling Tysnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Pasture management influences the prevalence and impact of the pasture parasites (PP) in cattle herds, which cause production-limiting disease worldwide. Evaluating farmer management strategies is vital when considering sustainable PP control practices. The aim of this questionnaire-based study was to describe the pasture management and control strategies regarding PP in Norwegian beef cattle (BC) and dairy cattle (DC) production systems with a focus on gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and Fasciola hepatica. Results A total of 745 responses from BC (return rate 20.5%) and 1347 responses from DC farmers (30.7%) were included. The mean total pasture time for DC was 4.2 months for first-season grazers and 4.3 months for second-season grazers and cows, while the corresponding finding in BC was 5.4 months. Home pasture was used for most of the pasture period, particularly for first-season grazer dairy heifers (81%), which were also commonly grazed on the same pasture every year (79%). For most farmers it was necessary for grazing areas to be used for cattle for more than one season (77% of BC farmers and 89% of DC farmers). However, changing the pasture during the season was common in both DC (67%) and BC (70%) herds. The majority of DC farmers (60%) stated that they did not consider that they had a problem with PP. Of the remaining 40%, few respondents could specify whether their herds had a problem due to infection by GIN (11%) or liver flukes (12%). Treatment for GIN was performed by 52% of DC and 34% of BC farmers. Diagnostic faecal samples were collected upon suspicion of parasitic disease by 5% of DC and 16% of BC farmers. Veterinarians were stated as a central source of information about parasite management and treatment. Conclusions Potential risks for exposure to PP were identified, such as use of the same pasture every year for first-season grazers and frequent use of home pasture. The perception of problems related to PP appeared low. Regular anthelmintic treatment without concurrent use of diagnostic faecal samples seems to be common practice.

scholarly journals TAMPILAN GULA DARAH , LAKTOSA DAN PRODUKSI SUSU SAPI PERAH LAKTASI YANG DISUPLEMENTASI BAKING SODA (NaHCO3)

MEDIAGRO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond C Kurniawan ◽  
C Budiarti ◽  
S M Sayuthi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Meat Bone Meal

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of baking soda as a supplement of dairy cattle feed on blood sugar, lactose, and milk production. This study used the dairy cow FH lactation of the 2nd lactation period of 5th month lactation and 6th lactation of 12 with 2-3 years old. Dairy cow FH lactation has a weight of 389.17 ± 27 kg. The treatment used was the addition of baking soda with the level of 0.8% and 1.0%. This study used a ration consisting of soybean meal, corn, brand, meat bone meal, lactoplus and forage grass uganda feed. This study used a complete randomized design consisting of 3 replication and 4 treatments. The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis and F test at 5% level. The results showed that the addition of baking soda as supplement had no significant effect on blood sugar, lactose, and milk (P> 0,05), but it can increase milk production without supplementation (T0). The conclusion of this research is that the addition of baking soda at the level of 0.8 and 1.0% has no significant effect on blood sugar, lactose, and cow milk production. Keywords: Baking soda,blood sugar,lactose and production of diary milk

scholarly journals Economics of Dairy Cow Feed Risk Management Strategies and Policy Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kheiry Hassan M. Ishag
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Risk Premium ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Production Level ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Feed Management ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

Abstract Background : Oman traditional dairy sector recorded cow population of 382k cows required about 872k tons of Dry Mater feed per year. The raw milk production of traditional sector is low due to un-availability of formal marketing channels facilities and limited sources of local feedstuffs. The poor animal nutrition in study area caused by multiple factors associated with lack of adequate quantity and quality of feed available. The pastureland in Dhofar Region are severely degraded due to over-grazing and lack of appropriate grazing and feed management. This situation not only cause financial losses but have social, environmental and animal welfare consequences.Result : The stochastic budgeting models examined three dairy cow feed strategies and found existing livestock farming system and feeding cows with Rhodes Grass hay and concentrate with low yield of 10 Liter, 8 liters and 6 Liters milk production per day obtain the lowest net return with high probability of negative Net Returns (NRs) of 28.86%, 44.29% and 54.11% respectively. The risk premium price of RO 0.223 per liter is required to be paid to convince farmers to switch from low milk production of 6 Liters/day to a higher milk production of 10 Liters/day and reduce negative NRs risk within current feed management strategy. The Government support program are needed to facilitate formal market channels and risk premium of RO 0.297 per liter is calculated as amount of money to be paid to farmer to compensate facing risk of un availability of market access promotion facilities and compensate farmers to switch from 6 liters to 12 liters milk production level per day and feed cow with risk efficient feed strategy with Maize silage, Rhodes grass and concentrate. Conclusion : The economics, risk efficient feed management are examined and result shows feeding cow with Alfalfa forage is good strategy for high milk production cows and reduce feeding cost at low milk production level. Feeding Maize Silage and Rhodes Grass hay and concentrate is risk efficient and mitigate and manage risk at downside level if forage quality and reasonable price are maintained to livestock farmers. The formal marketing access support and improve feed risk management strategies will enhance farmers’ income, rural development and achieve environmental and economic sustainability.

scholarly journals Effect of feed restriction on dairy cow milk production: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Leduc ◽  
Sylvain Souchet ◽  
Marine Gelé ◽  
Fabienne Le Provost ◽  
Marion Boutinaud
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Animal Metabolism

Abstract In the dairy cow, negative energy balance affects milk yield and composition as well as animal health. Studying the effects of negative energy balance on dairy cow milk production is thus essential. Feed restriction (FR) experiments attempting to reproduce negative energy balance by reducing the quantity or quality of the diet were conducted in order to better describe the animal physiology changes. The study of FR is also of interest since with climate change issues, cows may be increasingly faced with periods of drought leading to a shortage of forages. The aim of this article is to review the effects of FR during lactation in dairy cows to obtain a better understanding of metabolism changes and how it affects mammary gland activity and milk production and composition. A total of 41 papers studying FR in lactating cows were used to investigate physiological changes induced by these protocols. FR protocols affect the entire animal metabolism as indicated by changes in blood metabolites such as a decrease in glucose concentration and an increase in non-esterified fatty acid or β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations; hormonal regulations such as a decrease in insulin and insulin-like growth factor I or an increase in growth hormone concentrations. These variations indicated a mobilization of body reserve in most studies. FR also affects mammary gland activity through changes in gene expression and could affect mammary cell turnover through cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, and exfoliation of mammary epithelial cells into milk. Because of modifications of the mammary gland and general metabolism, FR decreases milk production and can affect milk composition with decreased lactose and protein concentrations and increased fat concentration. These effects, however, can vary widely depending on the type of restriction, its duration and intensity, or the stage of lactation in which it takes place. Finally, to avoid yield loss and metabolic disorders, it is important to identify reliable biomarkers to monitor energy balance.

scholarly journals Effect of Milking Time Intervals on Production and Quality of Friesian Holstein

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Tedi Akhdiat ◽  
Hilman Permana ◽  
Nilawat Widjaja ◽  
Raden Febrianto Christi ◽  
Dini Elsa Alfiani
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cow

Milking is the act of removing milk from the udder on purpose to get maximum milk production. A reasonable milking interval will affect the amount of milk production. This research aims to know the extent of the milking time interval affecting Friesian Holstein dairy cow milk production and the interval of milking time that produces the best production and quality of Friesian Holstein.  The research method was an experiment using a completely rand randomized with four treatments, namely: treatments 1 was 16:8 hours time delivery interval (TDI) dairy cow; treatments 2: time delivery interval (TDI) 15:9 hours; treatment 3: delivery time interval (TDI) 14:10 hours; treatment 4: time delivery interval (TDI) 13:11 hours.  The observed variables are milk production and milk quality.  The data were analyzed using verbal if any effect of treatment was done Duncan's distance test. Based on the results and discussion, the milking time interval significantly impacts milk production and water content. Still, it has no significant effect on the density, protein content, and milk fat content, 13:11 hours milking interval time produces the most milk and water content.

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