scholarly journals The Mechanisms of Endogenous Fires Occurring in Extractive Waste Dumping Facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2856
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Gogola ◽  
Tomasz Rogala ◽  
Małgorzata Magdziarczyk ◽  
Adam Smoliński
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Endogenous Fire ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
The One ◽  
Modern Technologies

The processes of hard coal extraction and processing are accompanied by the generation of a considerable amount of post-mining extractive waste, which in most cases is deposited on the ground surface. In the past, such waste was disposed of by deposition in bings and spoil piles of various kinds. The application of modern technologies makes it possible to recycle, reuse or reclaim extractive waste in engineering works or as a substitute of natural aggregates used for the construction of different kinds of banks and embankments. Regardless of whether the waste is deposited or reused, the basic target method of waste management consists of depositing it on the ground surface. This form of extractive waste management is always associated with the risk of the occurrence of coal self-heating phenomena, which may consequently lead to an endogenous fire. Therefore, it is of critical importance to apply appropriate technologies for the construction of coal waste embankments on the one hand, and on the other hand to recognize the mechanisms responsible for the occurrence of fires in extractive waste dumps, which constitutes the subject matter of this paper.

scholarly journals FIRE DETECTION BASED ON A SERIES OF THERMAL IMAGES AND POINT MEASUREMENTS: THE CASE STUDY OF COAL-WASTE DUMPS

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-1/W2 ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Abramowicz ◽  
R. Chybiorz
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Thermal Images ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The development of mining areas is always associated with a huge amount of unused gangue. It is treated as waste that should be disposed of. Most often it is done by creating waste dumps. Unfortunately, in the case of hard coal, such treatments can be dangerous, because the remaining coal can self-heat, what then leads to ignition and fire. These fires are uncontrolled and significantly affect the environment and the health of residents. Areas at risk of fire should be properly secured and its thermal conditions monitored. There are currently many methods available for measuring temperature. The latest and also the most popular are pyrometric and remote sensing methods. For the purposes of analysis, fieldwork on the selected coal-waste dump in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin was made using pyrometric (point measurements) and remote sensing methods (thermal images). A series of photos and measurements were compared over time and space to catch change trends. Differences in the received data were identified. Studies have shown that using only one method helps identify a fire, but does not provide enough information about its structure. Comprehensive monitoring is the best solution.</p>

scholarly journals Preliminary results of tests on nitrogen cushion for combating fire hazard in longwalls rich in methane

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 01066
Author(s):  
Dawid Szurgacz ◽  
Leszek Sobik ◽  
Jarosław Brodny ◽  
Maxim Grigashkin
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Endogenous Fire ◽  
Roof Support

Ventilation hazard is the most dangerous phenomena occurring in the hard coal extraction process. This particularly applies to endogenous fire hazard. In order to reduce it, it is necessary to improve the effectiveness of preventive measures. Hence this paper presents new solutions that substantially improve fire prevention effectiveness. The main idea is to develop and create an additional nitrogen cushion in the zone behind the powered roof support operating in a longwall face. The solution is based on installations for inerting of goafs and sections of the powered roof support. The nitrogen cushion restricts the access of air and oxygen to the area of goafs and limits the possibility of fire. Practical application of the developed solution allowed for effective reduction of fire hazard in conditions of a very high tendency of coal to self-ignite at short incubation period. This, in turn, enables safe exploitation and decommissioning of the longwall. Undoubtedly, the solution presented and the results obtained constitute a new approach to preventive actions in mines. It is the result of the work of theoretical and practical researchers. The solution is a combination of the potential of these two environments. The developed solution should find wide range of applications in the areas where endogenous fire and methane hazards occur.

Visual Analysis of the Cultural Landscape in Terms of Vegetation for the Purposes of Revitalization of Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 301-317
Author(s):  
Sylwia Szefler
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Value Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Landscape Units ◽  
The One

The article presents a visual analysis of the landscape, based on the modified SBE method and the possibility of using this type of research for the purposes of revitalization of rural areas. The scope of the research covered the Puchaczów commune in which, due to environmental conditions, mining related to hard coal extraction has developed. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the existence of diverse height structure of the plant cover increases the attractiveness of the landscape. The research method consisted in using the SBE analysis for 13 landscape units, presented as actual illustrations and modified pictures (as computer visualizations) by adding trees and shrubs. Then, using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test, it was examined whether there is a significant difference for the average visual value evaluation between original and modified sketches.

scholarly journals Methane emissions and demethanation of coal mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin between 1997 and 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Dreger ◽  
Sławomir Kędzior
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Research Period ◽  
Modern Technologies

Abstract Between 1997 and 2016 we observed important changes in hard coal extraction and methane emission in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Hard coal extraction in the near future will be very dangerous because it will be necessary to reach deeper methane-rich coal seams. Permanent monitoring of the volume of emitted and captured methane is necessary to combat the methane hazard. The predictability of gaseous hazards are important in order to keep underground work safe. We gathered and analysed data from three coal companies: Katowice Coal Holding, the Coal Company, Jastrzębie Coal Company and in the whole of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin for the last twenty years and this allowed us to notice changes and CH4 trends in ventilation emission and demethanation. There is a decrease in the extraction of hard coal from year to year. At the same time there is an increase in the total methane emissions which forces actions aimed to effective contracting the methane hazard. Specifically, methane emission has been increasing for years, making hard coal extraction very dangerous. We observed increases in CH4 vent emission and volume of methane coming from underground drainage systems. Much more methane is released during hard coal extraction at deeper mine levels. Throughout the entire research period the methane hazard increased. Therefore, the development of modern technologies for methane capturing should contribute to improvement of hazardous conditions for coal mining in the basin.

scholarly journals Influence of the Permeability of the Longwall Goaf Zones on the Location of an Area With Explosive Methane Concentration Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-247
Author(s):  
Magdalena Tutak ◽  
Dorota Palka
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Endogenous Fire ◽  
The One ◽  
Roof Rocks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concentration Levels

AbstractOne of the basic ventilation hazards and, at the same time most dangerous, in hard coal mines is the methane hazard. During the exploitation process using the longwall system with the breaking down of roof rocks, methane is released into mining excavations from both mined coal and the one left in goaves. Significant amounts of methane also flow from the underworked and overworked seams, through cracks and fissures formed in the rock mass. When accumulated at an explosive concentration level in goves and at an appropriate oxygen concentration level and the occurrence of a trigger (e.g. a spark or endogenous fire), methane may either explode or ignite. These are immensely dangerous phenomena. Therefore, the possibility of their occurrence should be limited. The article presents the results of the research aimed at determining the impact of the permeability of goaf zones on the distribution of methane and oxygen concentration levels in these goaves. The study was carried out for the longwall ventilated with the Y system. The model analysis was conducted, the results of which allowed the authors to determine these distributions. On their basis, both the location and size of the areas in which hazardous methane concentrations could occur were designated. The results are of great practical importance as they indicate areas in goaves where preventive measures should be implemented.

A Review : Sustainability from Waste

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-155
Author(s):  
Kriti Jain ◽  
Chirag Shah
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Waste Segregation ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Engineered Landfill

The increasing volume and complexity of waste associated with the modern economy as due to the ranging population, is posing a serious risk to ecosystems and human health. Every year, an estimated 11.2 billion tonnes of solid waste is collected worldwide and decay of the organic proportion of solid waste is contributing about 5 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions (UNEP). Poor waste management - ranging from non-existing collection systems to ineffective disposal causes air pollution, water and soil contamination. Open and unsanitary landfills contribute to contamination of drinking water and can cause infection and transmit diseases. The dispersal of debris pollutes ecosystems and dangerous substances from waste or garbage puts a strain on the health of urban dwellers and the environment. India, being second most populated country of the world that too with the lesser land area comparatively, faces major environmental challenges associated with waste generation and inadequate waste collection, transport, treatment and disposal. Population explosion, coupled with improved life style of people, results in increased generation of solid wastes in urban as well as rural areas of the country. The challenges and barriers are significant, but so are the opportunities. A priority is to move from reliance on waste dumps that offer no environmental protection, to waste management systems that retain useful resources within the economy [2]. Waste segregation at source and use of specialized waste processing facilities to separate recyclable materials has a key role. Disposal of residual waste after extraction of material resources needs engineered landfill sites and/or investment in waste-to-energy facilities. This study focusses on the minimization of the waste and gives the brief about the various initiations for proper waste management system. Hence moving towards the alternatives is the way to deal with these basic problems. This paper outlines various advances in the area of waste management. It focuses on current practices related to waste management initiatives taken by India. The purpose of this article put a light on various initiatives in the country and locates the scope for improvement in the management of waste which will also clean up the unemployment.

Misreading Egypt

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Schotter
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Experimental Film ◽  
Tower Of Babel ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Sergei Eisenstein ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modern Technologies

The first chapter of Hieroglyphic Modernisms exposes the complex history of Western misconceptions of Egyptian writing from antiquity to the present. Hieroglyphs bridge the gap between modern technologies and the ancient past, looking forward to the rise of new media and backward to the dispersal of languages in the mythical moment of the Tower of Babel. The contradictory ways in which hieroglyphs were interpreted in the West come to shape the differing ways that modernist writers and filmmakers understood the relationship between writing, film, and other new media. On the one hand, poets like Ezra Pound and film theorists like Vachel Lindsay and Sergei Eisenstein use the visual languages of China and of Egypt as a more primal or direct alternative to written words. But Freud, Proust, and the later Eisenstein conversely emphasize the phonetic qualities of Egyptian writing, its similarity to alphabetical scripts. The chapter concludes by arguing that even avant-garde invocations of hieroglyphics depend on narrative form through an examination of Hollis Frampton’s experimental film Zorns Lemma.

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT OF ECONOMIC WASTE MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Lavrentiev ◽  
◽  
V.V. Sidorkin ◽  
E.A. Gamoyunov ◽  
A.S. Rusaleev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Ecological Effect ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Rational Nature ◽  
Modern Technologies

The article explores ways of forming a modern concept of rational nature management of agricultural waste. The analysis of the nomenclature of agricultural waste was carried out, their influence on the environmental situation was studied. The modern technologies of rational nature management of agricultural waste are systematized, the most promising areas of waste recycling are identified. The ecological effect of the application of technologies for the rational environmental management of agricultural waste was studied.

Vegetation as an indicator of underground smoldering fire on coal-waste dumps

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 103287
Author(s):  
Anna Abramowicz ◽  
Oimahmad Rahmonov ◽  
Ryszard Chybiorz ◽  
Justyna Ciesielczuk
Keyword(s):  
Coal Waste ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Smoldering Fire
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