scholarly journals Agglomeration Effect of Skill-Based Local Labor Pooling: Evidence of South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3198
Author(s):  
Taelim Choi
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Wage Growth ◽  
Wage Premium ◽  
Agglomeration Effect ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Agglomeration Effects ◽  
Urban Wage Premium ◽  
Labor Pool ◽  
Physical Skills

Since workplace skills present diverse dimensions of a worker’s ability, it has recently received renewed interest by researchers examining the growth of cities. The purpose of the paper explores the advantage of regional concentrations of workers specialized in different types of skills. Specifically, the analysis estimates the agglomeration effects of skill-based labor pooling on wage levels and wage growth in South Korea. To this end, it constructs skill-based labor pool indices for cognitive, social, technical, and physical skills at a provincial level. The indices show an uneven geographical distribution in varying degrees across four types of skills. The regression results indicate that the urban wage premium of skill-based local labor pooling varies according to types of skills. The greatest magnitude of benefit is incurred by workers in cognitive-skill-oriented occupations and moderate benefits are found in technical- and physical-skill-oriented occupations. An urban wage premium is non-existent in social-skill-oriented occupations. In addition, the wage growth model with job mobility shows that the urban wage premium immediately affects workers who change jobs and relocate to denser areas. As high-wage occupations earn higher wage premiums when workers in these occupations are concentrated, it supports patterns of the polarization of both skills and their effects.

Urban Wage Premium for Women Across the Wage Distribution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloiza Regina Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
Veneziano Araujo ◽  
Solange Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Wage Premium ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Urban Wage Premium

Unions and Non-Standard Work: Union Representation and Wage Premiums across Non-Standard Work Arrangements in Canada, 1997–2014

ILR Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Gomez ◽  
Danielle Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Union Wage ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Wage Premium ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
Union Wage Premium ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Union Representation

The authors examine the association between unionization and non-standard work in terms of coverage and wages. They use data from the master files of Canada’s Labour Force Survey (LFS) between 1997–98 and 2013–14 to define and measure non-standard work and to provide a continuum of vulnerability across work arrangements. The estimated probability of being employed in some form of non-permanent job increased 2.9 percentage points from 1997 to 2014. During that same period, the estimated probability of being in a non-full-time, non-permanent job—another way of capturing non-standard work—increased 2.5 percentage points. Although estimated union wage premiums declined rather precipitously for all groups, the union wage advantage remained highest among non-standard workers. Further, the authors find the union wage premium is largest for the most vulnerable of non-standard workers. In terms of estimates that look across the earnings distribution, the union wage premium among non-standard workers is larger for workers higher up the earnings profile.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Crash Involvement of Commercial Vehicle Drivers: Evaluation of Commercial Vehicle Drivers’ Characteristics in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jooyoung Lee ◽  
Jiho Yeo ◽  
Ilsoo Yun ◽  
Sanghyeok Kang
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Different Types

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of driver-related factors on crash involvement of four different types of commercial vehicles—express buses, local buses, taxis, and trucks—and to compare outcomes across types. Previous studies on commercial vehicle crashes have generally been focused on a single type of commercial vehicle; however, the characteristics of drivers as factors affecting crashes vary widely across types of commercial vehicles as well as across study sites. This underscores the need for comparative analysis between different types of commercial vehicles that operate in similar environments. Toward these ends, we analyzed 627,594 commercial vehicle driver records in South Korea using a mixed logit model able to address unobserved heterogeneity in crash-related data. The estimated outcomes showed that driver-related factors have common effects on crash involvement: greater experience had a positive effect (diminished driver crash involvement), while traffic violations, job change, and previous crash involvement had negative effects. However, the magnitude of the effects and heterogeneity varied across different types of commercial vehicles. The findings support the contention that the safety management policy of commercial drivers needs to be set differently according to the vehicle type. Furthermore, the variables in this study can be used as promising predictors to quantify potential crash involvement of commercial vehicles. Using these variables, it is possible to proactively identify groups of accident-prone commercial vehicle drivers and to implement effective measures to reduce their involvement in crashes.

scholarly journals Human Capital Externalities and the Urban Wage Premium: Two Literatures and their Interrelations

Urban Studies ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Heuermann ◽  
Benedikt Halfdanarson ◽  
Jens Suedekum
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Wage Premium ◽  
Urban Wage Premium ◽  
Human Capital Externalities

When Different Types of Education Matter

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-yong Byun ◽  
Hyunjoon Park
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Junior College ◽  
Disadvantaged Students ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Academic High School ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Effectively Maintained Inequality

Using longitudinal data for a nationally representative sample of ninth graders in South Korea, we examine socioeconomic differences in the likelihood of making transitions into different types of high school and college with a goal of testing the validity of the effectively maintained inequality hypothesis. We find significant socioeconomic disparities in the likelihood of attending an academic high school and a 4-year university. However, the predicted probabilities suggest that even disadvantaged students typically choose an academic high school relative to a vocational high school. Furthermore, although disadvantaged students likely end up with a 2-year junior college, those disadvantaged students graduating from an academic high school typically choose a 4-year university, after controlling for academic achievement and other variables. We discuss the relevance of the effectively maintained inequality hypothesis for South Korea and broad implications for elsewhere where postsecondary education is increasingly available for the majority of population.

Out of the Barracks: The Role of the Military in Democratic Revolutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Degaut
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Tiananmen Square ◽  
Velvet Revolution ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Democratic Revolution ◽  
Action Theories ◽  
The Military

Why some democratic revolutions succeed while others fail? The scholarly community has sought to address this issue from various perspectives, from rational choice approaches to collective action theories. Too little attention, however, has been paid to analyzing the role of the military. By discussing the different types of interactions played by the military in five cases of successful democratic revolutions—the 1910 Portuguese Republican Revolution, the 1958 Venezuelan Revolution, the 1960 April Revolution in South Korea, the 1989 Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia, and the 2000 Bulldozer Revolution in Yugoslavia—and three cases of failed revolutions, the 1905 bourgeois-liberal revolution in Russia, the 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests in China, and the 2016 Turkey’s coup attempt, this study finds out that the key factor in determining their outcome is the army’s response and that the military backing is a necessary condition for a democratic revolution to succeed.

scholarly journals The Urban Wage Premium in Imperfect Labour Markets

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Hirsch ◽  
Elke J. Jahn ◽  
Michael Oberfichtner
Keyword(s):  
Wage Premium ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Urban Wage Premium

Urban Wage Premium in a Labor Market with Informality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloiza Regina Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
Veneziano Araujo ◽  
Solange Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Wage Premium ◽  
Urban Wage Premium

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF AGGLOMERATION EFFECTS IN SAMARA-TOGLIATTI'S Metropolitan area for FOOD INDUSTRY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Юрий Владимирович Павлов
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Agglomeration Effect ◽  
Agglomeration Effects

Проведена количественная оценка двух составляющих агломерационного эффекта (эффектов урбанизации и локализации) на примере пищевой отрасли в рамках Самарско-Тольяттинской агломерации. Выявлено, что на производительность труда оказывают влияние численность населения в радиусе 120 км от центра муниципального образования и удалённость от Самары. A quantitative assessment of two components of the agglomeration effect (the effects of urbanization and localization) was carried out using the example of the food industry within the Samara-Togliatti agglomeration. It was revealed that labor productivity is influenced by the population size within a radius of 120 km from the center of the municipality and the distance from Samara.

Effectiveness of Three Contingency-Nonspecific Stimuli on Bathroom Graffiti Prevention in a College Setting

2013 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Lee ◽  
Kyong-Mee Chung
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Third ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
College Setting ◽  
Practical Implications

An A-B-A design was adopted to test the effectiveness of different types of contingency-nonspecific stimuli in the prevention of bathroom graffiti in a college setting. The three stimuli examined in this study have been frequently used to prevent bathroom graffiti in South Korea and they were: (a) “Please do not write, draw, or mark on these walls;” (b) a mirror; and (c) “Courteous people keep public places clean.” No graffiti was observed when the first and second stimuli were presented. In contrast, a notable increase in bathroom graffiti was observed when the third sign was presented. The results suggest that a contingency non-specific stimuli posting intervention can be effective in the prevention of bathroom graffiti only when appropriate stimuli are used. The practical implications, including cost-effectiveness, are discussed.

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