scholarly journals Threshold or Limit? Precipitation Dependency of Austrian Landslides, an Ongoing Challenge for Hazard Mapping under Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6182
Author(s):  
Ivo Offenthaler ◽  
Astrid Felderer ◽  
Herbert Formayer ◽  
Natalie Glas ◽  
David Leidinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Earth Observation Data ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Observation Bias

Climate change is set to increase landslide frequency around the globe, thus increasing the potential exposure of people and material assets to these disturbances. Landslide hazard is commonly modelled from terrain and precipitation parameters, assuming that shorter, more intense rain events require less precipitation volume to trigger a slide. Given the extent of non-catastrophic slides, an operable vulnerability mapping requires high spatial resolution. We combined heterogeneous regional slide inventories with long-term meteorological records and small-scale spatial information for hazard modelling. Slope, its (protective) interaction with forest cover, and altitude were the most influential terrain parameters. A widely used exponential threshold to estimate critical precipitation was found to incorrectly predict meteorological hazard to a substantial degree and, qualitatively, delineate the upper boundary of natural conditions rather than a critical threshold. Scaling rainfall parameters from absolute values into local probabilities (per km²) however revealed a consistent pattern across datasets, with the transition from normal to critical rain volumes and durations being gradual rather than abrupt thresholds. Scaled values could be reverted into site-specific nomograms for easy appraisal of critical rain conditions by local stakeholders. An overlay of terrain-related hazard with infrastructure yielded local vulnerability maps, which were verified with actual slide occurrence. Multiple potential for observation bias in ground-based slide reporting underlined the value of complementary earth observation data for slide mapping and early warning.

scholarly journals Exploring Climate Change Effects on Vegetation Phenology by MOD13Q1 Data: The Piemonte Region Case Study in the Period 2001–2019

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 555
Author(s):  
Filippo Sarvia ◽  
Samuele De Petris ◽  
Enrico Borgogno-Mondino
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Earth Observation Data ◽  
Nw Italy ◽  
Terra Modis ◽  
Phenological Metrics

Rising temperature, rainfall, and wind regime changes, increasing of frequency and intensity of extreme events are only some of the effects of climate change affecting the agro-forestry sector. Earth Observation data from satellite missions (often available for free) can certainly support analysis of climate change effects on vegetation, making possible to improve land management in space and time. Within this context, the present work aims at investigating natural and agricultural vegetation, as mapped by Corine Land Cover (CLC) dataset, focusing on phenological metrics trends that can be possibly conditioned by the ongoing climate-change. The study area consists of the entire Piemonte region (NW-Italy). MOD13Q1-v6 dataset from TERRA MODIS mission was used to describe pluri-annual (2001–2019) phenological behavior of vegetation focusing on the following CLC classes: Non-irrigated arable land, Vineyards, Pastures, and Forests. After computing and mapping some phenological metrics as derivable from the interpretation of at-pixel level NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) temporal profile, we found that the most significant one was the maximum annual NDVI (MaxNDVI). Consequently, its trend was analyzed at CLC class level for the whole Piemonte region. Natural and semi-natural vegetation classes (Pastures and Forests) were furtherly investigated testing significance of the Percent Total Variation (TV %) of MaxNDVI in the period 2001–2019 for different altitude classes. Results proved that Non-irrigated arable land showed a not significant trend of MaxNDVI; differently, vineyards and forests showed a significant increasing one. Concerning TV %, it was found that it increases with altitude for the Forests CLC class, while it decreases with altitude for the pastures class.

scholarly journals An Overview of European Efforts in Generating Climate Data Records

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Su ◽  
W. Timmermans ◽  
Y. Zeng ◽  
J. Schulz ◽  
V. O. John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Application Performance ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Performance Metric ◽  
System Maturity ◽  
Earth Observation Data ◽  
Climate Studies

Abstract The Coordinating Earth Observation Data Validation for Reanalysis for Climate Services project (CORE-CLIMAX) aimed to substantiate how Copernicus observations and products can contribute to climate change analyses. CORE-CLIMAX assessed the European capability to provide climate data records (CDRs) of essential climate variables (ECVs), prepared a structured process to derive CDRs, developed a harmonized approach for validating essential climate variable CDRs, identified the integration of CDRs into the reanalysis chain, and formulated a process to compare the results of different reanalysis techniques. With respect to the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), the systematic application and further development of the CORE-CLIMAX system maturity matrix (SMM) and the spinoff application performance metric (APM) were strongly endorsed to be involved in future implementations of C3S. We concluded that many of the current CDRs are not yet sufficiently mature to be used in reanalysis or applied in climate studies. Thus, the production of consistent high-resolution data records remains a challenge that needs more research urgently. Extending ECVs to close climate cycle budgets (e.g., essential water variables) is a next step linking CDRs to sectoral applications.

METEOR: A methodology for assessing the potential for multi-hazard impacts on building exposure in developing nations.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Winson ◽  
Kay Smith ◽  
Colm Jordan ◽  
Katy Mee ◽  
Charles Huyck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
International Partnership ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Earth Observation Data ◽  
The Uk

<p>The METEOR project (Modelling Exposure Through Earth Observation Routines) is a three year project ending in March 2021, co-funded by the UK Space Agency International Partnership Programme. The aim of this project was to develop innovative methods to understand multi-hazard and exposure, and to deliver robust data for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) in Nepal and Tanzania.</p><p>In developing economies there is a pressing need to characterise hazard, exposure and vulnerability to allow for comprehensive DRM plans and pre-positioning. In the METEOR project these exposure protocols and standards were co-developed and validated in Nepal and Tanzania to ensure that they are fit-for-purpose.  Many multi-hazard mapping approaches focus on the frequency of events and use historical financial losses as a proxy for infrastructure impact or exposure (Bell and Glade, 2004; Tate et al., 2010; Schmidt et al., 2011; Kappes et al., 2012). Whilst such approaches may be appropriate for hazards with historic inventories detailing the distribution and scale of events, for others estimation of key factors such as historic frequency, or probability of occurrence or losses, is much more complex.</p><p>Here we will present a new methodology for assessing the national impact of multi-hazards on exposure, grounded in earth observation data, in the context of data paucity and high levels of inherent uncertainty. We explore a subset of the METEOR data for Nepal to discuss the main controls on the uncertainty of the final outputs of our model.  We also show how our model can be tied to existing vulnerability curves to link hazard assessments with expected damage.</p>

scholarly journals Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Sites in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Are Not Associated with Nighttime Light Emissions

J ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. M. Kyba ◽  
Grégory Giuliani ◽  
Florian Franziskakis ◽  
Klement Tockner ◽  
Pierre Lacroix
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Illegal Mining ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Nighttime Light ◽  
Earth Observation Data ◽  
Night Lights

Maintaining records of artisanal and small-scale mining sites in developing countries requires considerable effort, so it would be beneficial if Earth observation data from space could assist in the identifying and monitoring of such sites. Artificial light emissions are common at industrial-scale mining sites and have been associated with small-scale illegal mining in some contexts. Here, we examine whether known artisanal and small-scale mining sites in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) are associated with observations of night light emissions by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Day/Night Band (DNB). Light emissions from the mining sites were not observed: the radiance observed from the sites was near zero and nearly identical to that observed for a set of randomly-chosen locations in the same region. While it is the case that DNB night lights’ products provide useful data in other resource extraction contexts, they do not appear to be useful for identifying artisanal mining sites in the DRC.

scholarly journals Regional monitoring of forests using the Vega-Les system: case study for Tungussko-Chunskoye forest management unit and Tunguska reserve in the Russian Krasnoyarsk region

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Alexandr Kashnitskii ◽  
Ivan Balashov ◽  
Sergey Bartalev ◽  
Viacheslav Egorov ◽  
Dmitrii Kobets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Management Unit ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Krasnoyarsk Krai ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Russian Forests ◽  
Earth Observation Data

This paper demonstrates the capabilities of the Vega-Les (“Les” is the Russian word meaning “forest”) information system (IS) for forest monitoring. A brief assessment and characteristics of the Earth observation data and main available thematic products about Russian forests available in the system are given. An assessment of the capabilities of the Vega-Les IS for studying local scale forest changes was carried out. The Tungussko-Chunskoye forest management unit (FMU) and the Tunguska nature reserve in the Russian Krasnoyarsk Krai region were chosen as the test area. The analysis of forest cover changes over this area since the beginning of the 21st century, including the changes in the number and extent of wildfires, is presented. As a result, it is concluded that the Vega-Les IS is applicable for remote assessment and monitoring of various characteristics of Russian forests.

Local Policy for a Protected Environmental Area Management: The Case of Limiting Motorized Vehicles in Park of Canigou in Pyrenées Orientales

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Individual Action ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
Local Levels

“We regard the recent science –based consensual reports that climate change is, to a large extend, caused by human activities that emit green houses as tenable, Such activities range from air traffic, with a global reach over industrial belts and urban conglomerations to local small, scale energy use for heating homes and mowing lawns. This means that effective climate strategies inevitably also require action all the way from global to local levels. Since the majority of those activities originate at the local level and involve individual action, however, climate strategies must literally begin at home to hit home.”

Our goal is to establish the earth observation data in the business world Unser Ziel ist es, die Erdbeobachtungsdaten in der Geschäftswelt zu etablieren

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
Eicher, A
Keyword(s):  
Earth Observation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Business World ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth Observation Data

Our goal is to establish the earth observation data in the business world Unser Ziel ist es, die Erdbeobachtungsdaten in der Geschäftswelt zu etablieren

(A review) Vegetation and biotopes of the National Park “Narochansky” with the Map of terrestrial vegetation (S. 1 : 60 000) and the Map of biotopes (S. 1 : 60 000)

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
E. A. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Vegetation Mapping ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Experimental Botany ◽  
High Level

A monograph “Vegetation and biotopes of the “Narochansky” National Park was published in Minsk, Belarus in 2017, edited by A. V. Pugachevsky (Grummo et al., 2017). It includes the Map of terrestrial vegetation (S. 1 : 60 000) and the Map of biotopes (S. 1 : 60 000). Some small-scale maps such as the Map of changes in forest cover of the “Narochansky” National Park for the period 1985–2016, the Map of forest loss in the “Narochansky” National Park for the period 1985–2016 and a series of inventory and analytical maps on the basin of the Naroch Lake are given. This monograph can be considered as a small regional Atlas with detailed explanatory texts to the maps. It presents the experience on vegetation mapping accumulated in the Laboratory of Geobotany and Vegetation mapping of the Institute of Experimental Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Despite some critical comments, mainly concerning the biotope map, this publication of Belarusian geobotanists deserves an approval. They received the full answers to the questions posed: “What do we protect?” and “What is a current state of the vegetation of the National Park and the main trends of its dynamics? Cartographic design is made at a high level; the maps have both scientific and practical importance in the planning of environmental and economic activities.

Small-scale vegetation mapping of large territories: perspectives of using modern remote sensing and GIS technologies, the Indian experiences

1996 ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. M. Unni
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Forest Cover Mapping

The recognition of versatile importance of vegetation for the human life resulted in the emergence of vegetation science and many its applications in the modern world. Hence a vegetation map should be versatile enough to provide the basis for these applications. Thus, a vegetation map should contain not only information on vegetation types and their derivatives but also the geospheric and climatic background. While the geospheric information could be obtained, mapped and generalized directly using satellite remote sensing, a computerized Geographic Information System can integrate it with meaningful vegetation information classes for large areas. Such aft approach was developed with respect to mapping forest vegetation in India at. 1 : 100 000 (1983) and is in progress now (forest cover mapping at 1 : 250 000). Several review works reporting the experimental and operational use of satellite remote sensing data in India were published in the last years (Unni, 1991, 1992, 1994).

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