scholarly journals Landslide Hazard Knowledge, Risk Perception and Preparedness in Southeast Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edris Alam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Landslide Hazard ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Landslide Occurrence ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Risk Areas

Over the last thirty years, Bangladesh has been experiencing hill cutting problems and subsequent landslide occurrence in its southeastern hilly region. Since 2000, landslides have caused over 500 deaths, mostly in informal settlements in southeast Bangladesh. The most significant single event was the 2007 landslide causing 127 deaths in Chittagong’s informal settlements. The landslide events took over 110 people in Rangamati on 12 June 2017. In the scenario of rising deaths by landslides in the southeastern region, this research aimed to understand communities’ landslide hazard knowledge, reasons for living in at-risk areas, risk perception and preparedness. This research applied both quantitative (i.e., structural questionnaire) and qualitative (i.e., semi-structured and open-ended questionnaire and informal interviews) data collection techniques to assess hill-top and hill-side dwellers knowledge, risk perception and preparedness to landslides in southeast Bangladesh. The investigation conducted face-to-face interviews with 208 community members, 15 key informant interviews, three Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and field observations and visits in southeast Bangladesh. The findings suggest that unplanned development activities, overpopulation, settlement along hill slopes and ineffective disaster risk reduction efforts are the anthropogenic contributories accompanying climate-change induced increased torrential rainfall are the main reasons for the increase of landslide occurrence. The results suggest that community members perceive a low-risk for landslides, despite the community’s location in high-risk areas. The community’s perception of low risk results in a lack of preparedness and an unwillingness to relocate a comparatively safer place. It was noted that landslide disaster preparation depends on the communities’ development maturity, house ownership, ethnicity, gender and economic status of the residents. It is suggested that the place of relocation for residents living in the high-risk areas should be selected with full consideration of psychosocial aspects of the community, particularly providing acceptable livelihood options.

scholarly journals Spatial-time Visualization of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in an Urban Area: Informing Health Policy and Practice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Firouraghi ◽  
Sayyed Mostafa Mostafavi ◽  
Amene Raouf-Rahmati ◽  
Alireza Mohammadi ◽  
Reza Saemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Risk Areas

Abstract Background:Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an important public health concern worldwide. Iran is among the most CL-affected countries, being listed as one of the first six endemic countries in the world. In order to develop targeted interventions, we performed a spatial-time visualization of CL cases in an urban area to identify high-risk and low-risk areas during 2016-2019.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Mashhad. Patient data were gathered from Mashhad health centers. All cases (n=2425) were diagnosed in two stages; the initial diagnosis was based on clinical findings. Subsequently, clinical manifestation was confirmed by parasitological tests. The data were aggregated at the neighborhood and district levels and smoothed CL incidence rates per 100,000 individuals were calculated using the spatial empirical Bayesian approach. Furthermore, we used the Anselin Local Moran’s I statistic to identify clusters and outliers of CL distribution during 2016-2019 in Mashhad. Results:The overall incidence rates decreased from 34.6 per 100,000 in 2016 to 19.9 per 100,000 individuals in 2019. Both cluster analyses by crude incidence rate and smoothed incidence rate identified high-risk areas in southwestern Mashhad over the study period. Furthermore, the analyses revealed low-risk areas in northeastern Mashhad over the same 3-year period.Conclusions:The southwestern area of Mashhad had the highest CL incidence rates. This piece of information might be of value to design tailored interventions such as running effective resource allocation models, informed control plans and implementation of efficient surveillance systems. Furthermore, this study generates new hypotheses to test potential relationships between socio-economic and environmental risk factors and incidence of CL in areas with higher associated risks.

Abstract 187: Cardiac Arrest Incidence, Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Rates, and Community Characteristics Differ by High and Low Risk Areas

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Cash ◽  
Madison K Rivard ◽  
Eric Cortez ◽  
David Keseg ◽  
Ashish Panchal
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Community Characteristics ◽  
Franklin County ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Risk Areas

Introduction: Survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has significant variation which may be due to differing rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR). Defining and understanding the community characteristics of high-risk areas (census tracts with low BCPR rates and high OHCA incidence) can help inform novel interventions to improve outcomes. Our objectives were to identify high and low risk census tracts in Franklin County, Ohio and to compare the OHCA incidence, BCPR rates, and community characteristics. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of OHCA events treated by Columbus Division of Fire in Franklin County, Ohio from the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival between 1/1/2010-12/31/2017. Included cases were 18 and older, with a cardiac etiology OHCA in a non-healthcare setting, with EMS resuscitation attempted. After geocoding to census tracts, Local Moran’s I and quartiles were used to determine clustering in high risk areas based on spatial Empirical Bayes smoothed rates. Community characteristics, from the 2014 American Community Survey, were compared between high and low risk areas. Results: From the 3,841 included OHCA cases, the mean adjusted OHCA incidence per census tract was 0.67 per 1,000 with a mean adjusted BCPR rate of 31% and mean adjusted survival to discharge of 9.4%. In the 25 census tracts identified as high-risk areas, there were significant differences in characteristics compared to low-risk areas, including a higher proportion of African Americans (64% vs. 21%, p<0.001), lower median household income ($30,948 vs. $54,388, p<0.001), and a higher proportion living below the poverty level (36% vs. 20%, p<0.001). There was a 3-fold increase in the adjusted OHCA incidence between high and low risk areas (1.68 vs. 0.57 per 1,000, p<0.001) with BCPR rates of 27% and 31% (p=0.31), respectively. Compared to a previous analysis, 9 (36%) census tracts persisted as high-risk but an additional 16 were newly identified. Conclusions: Neighborhood-level variations in OHCA incidence are dramatic with marked disparities in characteristics between high and low risk areas. It is possible that improving OHCA outcomes requires multifaceted interventions to address social determinants of health.

scholarly journals Ecological risk assessment of geohazards in Natural World Heritage Sites: an empirical analysis of Bogda, Tianshan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Liu ◽  
Zhaoping Yang ◽  
Hui Shi ◽  
Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessment ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Risk Areas

Abstract Ecological risk assessment plays an important role in avoiding disasters and reducing losses. Natural world heritage site is the most precious natural assets on earth, yet few studies have assessed ecological risks from the perspective of world heritage conservation and management. A methodology for considering ecological threats and vulnerabilities and focusing on heritage value was introduced and discussed for the Bogda component of the Xinjiang Tianshan Natural World Heritage Site. Three important results are presented. (1) Criteria layers and ecological risk showed obvious spatial heterogeneity. Extremely high-risk and high-risk areas, accounting for 13.60% and 32.56%, respectively, were mainly gathered at Tianchi Lake and Bogda Glacier, whereas the extremely low-risk and low-risk areas, covering 1.33% and 17.51% of the site,were mainly distributed to the north and scattered around in the southwest montane region. (2) The level of risk was positively correlated with the type of risk, and as the level of risk increases, the types of risk increase. Only two risk types were observed in the extremely low-risk areas, whereas six risk types were observed in the high-risk areas and eight risk types were observed in the extremely high-risk areas. (3) From the perspective of risk probability and ecological damage, four risk management categories were proposed, and correlative strategies were proposed to reduce the possibility of ecological risk and to sustain or enhance heritage value.

Gastric Cancer Mortality Trends in Tuscany, Italy, 1971–2004

2008 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Gorini ◽  
Lucia Giovannetti ◽  
Giovanna Masala ◽  
Elisabetta Chellini ◽  
Andrea Martini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Birth Cohort Effect

Aims, Background, and Methods In Tuscany, Italy, gastric cancer mortality has been decreasing since 1950, although with relevant geographical variability across the region. In Eastern Tuscan areas close to the mountains (high risk areas), gastric cancer mortality has been and is still significantly higher than that recorded in Western coastal areas and in the city of Florence (low risk areas). High-risk areas also showed higher Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence. Aim of this paper is to study gastric cancer mortality trends in high and low-risk areas, during the period 1971–2004, using age-period-cohort models. Results In high-risk areas, gastric cancer mortality rates declined from 61.4 per 100,000 in 1971–74 to 19.8 in 2000–2004 and in low-risk areas from 34.9 to 9.8. Mortality decline in high-risk areas was mainly attributable to a birth cohort effect, whereas in low-risk areas it was due either to a birth cohort effect or a period effect. In low- and high-risk areas, birth-cohort risks of dying decreased over subsequent generations, except for the birth cohorts born around the second world war. Conclusions Gastric cancer mortality in areas with higher H. pylori seroprevalence in Tuscany (high-risk areas) showed a predominant decline by birth cohort, in particular for younger generations, possibly due to the decrease of the infection for improvement of living conditions.

scholarly journals Mixed-species herding levels the landscape of fear

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1922) ◽  
pp. 20192555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keenan Stears ◽  
Melissa H. Schmitt ◽  
Christopher C. Wilmers ◽  
Adrian M. Shrader
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Landscape Of Fear ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Risk Areas

Prey anti-predator behaviours are influenced by perceived predation risk in a landscape and social information gleaned from herd mates regarding predation risk. It is well documented that high-quality social information about risk can come from heterospecific herd mates. Here, we integrate social information with the landscape of fear to quantify how these landscapes are modified by mixed-species herding. To do this, we investigated zebra vigilance in single- and mixed-species herds across different levels of predation risk (lion versus no lion), and assessed how they manage herd size and the competition–information trade-off associated with grouping behaviour. Overall, zebra performed higher vigilance in high-risk areas. However, mixed-species herding reduced vigilance levels. We estimate that zebra in single-species herds would have to feed for approximately 35 min more per day in low-risk areas and approximately 51 min more in high-risk areas to compensate for the cost of higher vigilance. Furthermore, zebra benefitted from the competition–information trade-off by increasing the number of heterospecifics while keeping the number of zebra in a herd constant. Ultimately, we show that mixed-species herding reduces the effects of predation risk, whereby zebra in mixed-species herds, under high predation risk, perform similar levels of vigilance compared with zebra in low-risk scenarios.

Applying International Standards in Response to Oil Spills in Remote Areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 1859-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Remote Locations ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Risk Areas

ABSTRACT It is accepted international practice that the level of effort invested in oil spill contingency planning and preparedness should be related to the best available, location-specific risk evaluations. Accordingly, high risk and/or highly sensitive areas often see greater degrees of planning and pre-incident resource allocation than low risk areas. High risk areas typically include navigational ‘choke points’ for shipping or approaches to ports; highly sensitive areas would include areas of intense coastal tourism, mari-culture, or natural resources (e.g. coral reefs or mangroves). Naturally, levels of preparedness vary between countries for a variety of reasons including availability of resources (i.e. funding) or priorities. Whilst logical, this approach to contingency planning leaves open a gap in response capacity in so far as incidents do still occur from time to time in what are normally thought of as extremely low risk areas. Good examples are the infrequent, yet still important, incidents that occur from passing vessel traffic on long-distance, inter-continental routes. Other examples are incidents from scheduled shipping routes servicing remote areas or even passenger vessels visiting remote locations such as the Arctic or the Antarctic. Because remote areas are often characterised by a general lack of infrastructure and because local authorities in remote locations typically do not have appropriate funds, training and manpower to deal with unexpected oil spill incidents, the intensity and quality of emergency response and post-incident follow-up tends to depend on the involvement of outside parties. The question arises, what is appropriate “international practice” in response operations in terms of the types/methods of work undertaken, the termination standards applied, health and safety issues, and post-incident follow-up, such as monitoring studies. The intent of this paper is to discuss the meaning of “international standards” for oil spill response in the context of remote operations. Practical examples will be drawn from remote spills world-wide, including incidents in Tristan da Cunha (in South Atlantic), Madagascar, and Papua New Guinea.

612. Molecular background of high risk and low risk areas of gastric cancer in Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. S182-S183
Author(s):  
F. Ferrara ◽  
K. Polom ◽  
V. Pascale ◽  
M. Scheiterle ◽  
L. De Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Risk Areas

scholarly journals PTSD Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Study Raises Concern for Non-medical Staff in Low-Risk Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruike Zhang ◽  
Tianya Hou ◽  
Xiangyu Kong ◽  
Guibin Wang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of sleep quality and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms of healthcare workers (HCWs) and identify the determinants for PTSD symptoms among HCWs in high-risk and low-risk areas during the COVID-19 outbreak in China.Methods: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Impact of Event Scale were used to assess sleep quality and symptoms of PTSD of 421 Chinese HCWs, respectively, from January 30 to March 2, 2020. The influencing factors of PTSD symptoms were identified by univariate analysis and multiple regression.Results: The incidence of HCWs getting PTSD symptoms were 13.2%. HCWs from high-risk areas had significantly poorer sleep quality (p &lt; 0.001). Poor sleep quality was the risk factor of PTSD symptoms for HCWs from high-risk (p = 0.018) and low-risk areas (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, non-medical staff were found to be the risk factor for PTSD symptoms only in low-risk areas.Discussion: HCWs in Hubei had poorer sleep quality. Non-medical HCWs from low-risk areas were associated with more severe PTSD symptoms. Mental health programs should be considered for HCWs, especially those who are often overlooked.

Different Pathological Features and Prognosis in Gastric Cancer Patients Coming From High-Risk and Low-Risk Areas of Italy

2009 ◽  
Vol 250 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Marrelli ◽  
Corrado Pedrazzani ◽  
Giovanni Corso ◽  
Alessandro Neri ◽  
Marianna Di Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients

scholarly journals Disaster risk analysis of Mount Bromo eruption after the 2015 eruption in Sukapura District

2018 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
Turniningtyas Ayu Rachmawati ◽  
Dwi Rahmawati ◽  
Arief Rachmansyah
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Community Capacity ◽  
Risk Calculation ◽  
Disaster Risk Analysis ◽  
Risk Areas

Mount Bromo is one of the most active volcanoes in East Java with a 4-5 year interval of the eruption. Its last eruption was in 2015 and is expected to erupt in 2020. The mountain is characterized as having the phreatic type of eruption, which can take months, and made Sukapura district the most seriously affected. Sukapura District is inhabited by Tengger people who strongly uphold their customs. The strong spiritual relationship between Tengger people and Mount Bromo affects the efforts to reduce the disaster risk. In anticipation of the coming eruption in 2020, a disaster risk calculation is required as the basis for disaster risk reduction. This paper examines the risks of Mount Bromo eruption disaster from the aspects of its hazards, vulnerability and community capacity. The results of risk calculation indicate that the vulnerability and capacity are the most influential aspects to the magnitude of the risks suffered by the community. The high-risk areas to prioritize are Ngadisari, Sariwani, Sapikerep, Wonokerto, Ngadirejo, and part of Jetak Village. Moderate risks include part of Kedasih village, part of Pakel Village, part of Ngadas Village, part of Jetak Village and part of Wonokerto Village. The low-risk areas include part of Ngepung Village, Sukapura Village, part of Ngadas Village and part of Wonotoro Village.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document