Composted Chicken Manure for Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Increased the Strawberry Yield and Shifted the Soil Microbial Communities

Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD), as a bio-fumigation technology, has been developed to control soil-borne pests. There is increasing evidence showing that carbon sources and cover tarps play an important role in the ASD suppression of soil-borne pests, but little is known about the effect of composted chicken manure (CCM) and totally impermeable films (TIF) against soil-borne pests in the strawberry production system. In experiments, the colonies of Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp., which are recognized to cause strawberry soil-borne diseases, decreased significantly after ASD. The soil promoted a significant increase in ammonium nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen and organic matter, but a decrease in oxidation-reduction potential after ASD. Besides, the strawberry plant height, stem thickness and yield were significantly higher than in the non-amended soil. Compared to the untreated control, ASD, both at 6 and 12 ton/ha of CCM, significantly (p = 0.05) increased strawberry marketable yield and income. The economic benefit could be due to the suppression of soil-borne diseases and the improvement of soil nutrition. The soil bacterial and fungal diversity and richness increased after soil fumigation. The increased presence of biological control agents led to the suppression of soil-borne pathogens. In summary, ASD with CCM amendments could be applied in pre-plant fumigation to control strawberry soil-borne pests, strengthen soil fertility, improve crop yield and increase growers’ income.

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Maltose and Totally Impermeable Film Enhanced Suppression of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation on Soilborne Pathogens and Increased Strawberry Yield

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12135456 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (13) ◽

pp. 5456

Author(s):

Zhaoxin Song ◽

Dongdong Yan ◽

Wensheng Fang ◽

Bin Huang ◽

Xianli Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Field Trials ◽

Soilborne Pathogens ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Soil Disinfestation ◽

Soil Nutrition ◽

Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation ◽

Phytophthora Spp ◽

Bacterial Microbiota

Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is widely used to control soilborne diseases in organic crop production. The effect of ASD used different sealed films on soilborne pathogens and strawberry growth was evaluated in two laboratory studies and two field trials. Under maltose as carbon sources, 28 °C temperature and 30% of soil moisture optimal conditions ASD decreased Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp. by 100%. ASD used maltose as an organic amendment and sealed with totally impermeable film (TIF) obtained the highest suppression (>96%) against Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp. (>91%). According to the laboratory results, the efficacy of ASD utilizing 6 or 9 t/ha maltose and sealing with TIF was evaluated and compared with reference treatment with chloropicrin (Pic) or solarization (Sol) in the field trials. Compared with the untreated soil, ASD treatments greatly reduced the pathogenic population of Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp., and successfully controlled the damage of fusarium wilt with evidence of lower mortality (6%). ASD significantly increased soil nutrition promoted plant growth and increased strawberry yield, which was similar as the Pic, but better than Sol treatment. The analyzed fungal and bacterial microbiota did not show significant differences in the taxonomic richness and diversity between the compared treatments. Nevertheless, the abundance of some bacterial and fungal taxa tended to change between treated. The evidence showed that adding maltose and sealing TIF for ASD has the potential to replace Pic for pathogen control in commercial strawberry production.

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Synergy of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation and Trichoderma spp. in Rhizoctonia Root Rot Suppression

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems ◽

10.3389/fsufs.2021.645736 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Ram B. Khadka ◽

Sally A. Miller

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Root Rot ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Treated Soil ◽

Soil Disinfestation ◽

Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation ◽

Rhizoctonia Root Rot

Potential synergy between anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) and Trichoderma spp. in suppression of Rhizoctonia root rot in radish was evaluated. A split-plot design with three replications was used; main plots were Trichoderma harzianum T22, Trichoderma asperellum NT25 and a non-Trichoderma control. Subplots were ASD carbon sources wheat bran, molasses, chicken manure, and mustard greens and two non-amended controls: anaerobic (covered and flooded) and aerobic (not covered or flooded). Carbon sources and Rhizoctonia solani inoculant were mixed with soil, placed in pots, and flooded, followed by drenching Trichoderma spore suspensions and sealing the pots in zip-lock bags. After 3 weeks, bags were removed, soil was aired for 1 week and radish “SSR-RR-27” was seeded. Rhizoctonia root rot severity and incidence were lowest in radish plants grown in ASD-treated soil amended with wheat bran, molasses, or mustard greens across all Trichoderma treatments. Disease severity was lower in radish plants treated with NT25 than with T22 or the non-Trichoderma control across all ASD treatments, and in radish grown in ASD-treated soil amended with wheat bran plus NT25 compared to ASD-wheat bran or NT25 alone. Rhizoctonia solani populations were significantly reduced by ASD treatment regardless of carbon source, while Trichoderma populations were not affected by ASD treatment with the exception of ASD-mustard greens. The interactions of either Trichoderma isolate and ASD with most carbon sources were additive, while T22 with ASD-molasses and NT25 with ASD–wheat bran interactions were synergistic in reducing disease severity. One interaction, T22 with ASD-chicken manure was antagonistic. Enhancement of ASD efficacy in suppressing soilborne diseases such as Rhizoctonia root rot by additional soil amendment with Trichoderma spp. during the process appears to be dependent on both Trichoderma isolate and ASD carbon source.

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Impacts of anaerobic soil disinfestation and chemical fumigation on soil microbial communities in field tomato production system

Applied Soil Ecology ◽

10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.12.018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 126 ◽

pp. 165-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Haichao Guo ◽

Xin Zhao ◽

Erin N. Rosskopf ◽

Francesco Di Gioia ◽

Jason C. Hong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Communities ◽

Production System ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Soil Disinfestation ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation

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Effects of anaerobic soil disinfestation carbon sources on soilborne diseases and weeds of okra and eggplant in Nepal

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/j.cropro.2019.104846 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 135 ◽

pp. 104846 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ram B. Khadka ◽

Madan Marasini ◽

Ranjana Rawal ◽

Anna L. Testen ◽

Sally A. Miller

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sources ◽

Soilborne Diseases ◽

Soil Disinfestation ◽

Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation

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Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Reduces Viability of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor Sclerotia and Root-Knot Nematodes in Muck Soils

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-10-19-0386-r ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 110 (4) ◽

pp. 795-804

Author(s):

Andres D. Sanabria-Velazquez ◽

Anna L. Testen ◽

Ram B. Khadka ◽

Zhe Liu ◽

Fuqing Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Ethanol Solution ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Soil Disinfestation ◽

Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation ◽

Muck Soil

Experiments were conducted to evaluate potential functional and mechanistic differences in the suppression of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor and root-knot nematodes in muck soils by anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) using different carbon source amendments. Volatile compounds produced during ASD in muck soil amended with molasses, wheat bran, or mustard greens at 20.2 Mg/ha or a 2% ethanol solution significantly reduced the mycelial growth and number of sclerotia produced by both Sclerotinia spp. compared with the anaerobic control. In amended soils, acetic and butyric acids were detected in concentrations that reduced the viability of sclerotia of both pathogens. Higher concentrations of carbon dioxide were observed in ASD-treated soils, regardless of the amendment, than in the nonamended anaerobic control. Only amendment with wheat bran did not increase the production of methane gas during ASD compared with the controls. Meloidogyne hapla survival was completely suppressed in soils treated with ASD regardless of carbon source. Field trials were conducted in Ohio muck soil to assess survival of sclerotia of both Sclerotinia spp. The viability of sclerotia of both Sclerotinia spp. was significantly reduced in soil subjected to ASD amended with wheat bran (20.2 Mg/ha), molasses (10.1 Mg/ha), or wheat bran (20.2 Mg/ha) plus molasses (10.1 Mg/ha) compared with the controls. A consistent negative correlation between soil reduction and viability of sclerotia of both pathogens was observed. Wheat bran and molasses are both widely available amendments that can be used as ASD carbon sources for the management of soilborne pathogens in muck soils.

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Utilization of carbon sources by the soil microbial communities of different forest types in subtropical Australia

Acta Ecologica Sinica ◽

10.5846/stxb201103270392 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (9) ◽

pp. 2819-2826

Author(s):

鲁顺保 LU Shunbao ◽

郭晓敏 GUO Xiaomin ◽

芮亦超 RUI Yichao ◽

周小奇 ZHOU Xiaoqi ◽

陈成榕 CHEN Chengrong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Communities ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Forest Types ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Subtropical Australia

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The Effects of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation on Weed and Nematode Control, Fruit Yield, and Quality of Florida Fresh-market Tomato

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.51.6.703 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (6) ◽

pp. 703-711 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Francesco Di Gioia ◽

Monica Ozores-Hampton ◽

Jason Hong ◽

Nancy Kokalis-Burelle ◽

Joseph Albano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Crop Production ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Soil Disinfestation ◽

Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation ◽

Yield And Quality

Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is considered a promising sustainable alternative to chemical soil fumigation (CSF), and has been shown to be effective against soilborne diseases, plant-parasitic nematodes, and weeds in several crop production systems. Nevertheless, limited information is available on the effects of ASD on crop yield and quality. Therefore, a field study was conducted on fresh-market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in two different locations in Florida (Immokalee and Citra), to evaluate and compare the ASD and CSF performances on weed and nematodes control, and on fruit yield and quality. In Immokalee, Pic-Clor 60 (1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin) was used as the CSF, whereas in Citra, the CSF was Paldin™ [dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) + chloropicrin]. Anaerobic soil disinfestation treatments were applied using a mix of composted poultry litter (CPL) at the rate of 22 Mg·ha−1, and two rates of molasses [13.9 (ASD1) and 27.7 m3·ha−1 (ASD2)] as a carbon (C) source. In both locations, soil subjected to ASD reached highly anaerobic conditions, and cumulative soil anaerobiosis was 167% and 116% higher in ASD2 plots than in ASD1 plots, in Immokalee and Citra, respectively. In Immokalee, the CSF provided the most significant weed control, but ASD treatments also suppressed weeds enough to prevent an impact on yield. In Citra, all treatments, including the CSF, provided poor weed control relative to the Immokalee site. In both locations, the application of ASD provided a level of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne sp.) control equivalent to, or more effective than the CSF. In Immokalee, ASD2 and ASD1 plots provided 26.7% and 19.7% higher total marketable yield as compared with CSF plots, respectively. However, in Citra, total marketable yield was unaffected by soil treatments. Tomato fruit quality parameters were not influenced by soil treatments, except for fruit firmness in Immokalee, which was significantly higher in fruits from ASD treatments than in those from CSF soil. Fruit mineral content was similar or higher in ASD plots as compared with CSF. In fresh-market tomato, ASD applied using a mixture of CPL and molasses may be a sustainable alternative to CSF for maintaining or even improving marketable yield and fruit quality.

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A Rapid Microtiter Plate Method To Measure Carbon Dioxide Evolved from Carbon Substrate Amendments so as To Determine the Physiological Profiles of Soil Microbial Communities by Using Whole Soil

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.69.6.3593-3599.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 3593-3599 ◽

Cited By ~ 419

Author(s):

Colin D. Campbell ◽

Stephen J. Chapman ◽

Clare M. Cameron ◽

Mitchell S. Davidson ◽

Jacqueline M. Potts

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Source ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Microtiter Plate ◽

Wastewater Sludge ◽

Carbon Substrate ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Deep Well

ABSTRACT Sole-carbon-source tests (Biolog), designed to identify bacteria, have become very popular for metabolically fingerprinting soil microbial communities, despite disadvantages associated with the use of carbon source profiles that primarily select for fast-growing bacteria. In this paper we describe the use of an alternative method that combines the advantages of the Biolog community-level physiological profile (CLPP) method, in which microtiter-based detection plates are used, with the ability to measure carbon dioxide evolution from whole soil. This method facilitates measurement over short periods of time (4 to 6 h) and does not require the extraction and culturing of organisms. Deep-well microtiter plates are used as test wells into which soil is placed. The apparatus to fill the deep-well plates and interface it with a second removable detection plate is described. Two detection systems, a simple colorimetric reaction in absorbent alkali and scintillation counting with radioactive carbon sources, are described. The methods were compared to the Biolog-CLPP system by using soils under different vegetation types and soil treated with wastewater sludge. We aimed to test the hypothesis that using whole soil would have specific advantages over using extracts in that more immediate responses to substrates could be obtained that would reflect activity rather than growth. The whole-soil method was more rapid and gave earlier detection of C source use. Also, the metabolic fingerprints obtained could discriminate between sludge treatments.

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