scholarly journals Application of the DEA Double Bootstrap to Analyze Efficiency in Galician Sheltered Workshops

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6625 ◽  
Author(s):  
María-Celia López-Penabad ◽  
José Manuel Maside-Sanfiz ◽  
Juan Torrelles Manent ◽  
Ana Iglesias-Casal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Social Efficiency ◽  
Sheltered Workshops ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Double Bootstrap ◽  
The Subject

Sheltered workshops (SW), as social enterprises, need to be efficient and maintain a balance between social aspects and economic prosperity. An important part of research on the subject has been focused on measuring the economic value created by these entities. In this study, we analyzed performance of SWs in Galicia (Spain), from the point of view of efficiency, combining social and economic aspects and investigating its key determinants. Using panel data from 609 entities from 2008 to 2017, we followed Simar and Wilson’s two-stage approach (2007). Specifically, we used data envelopment analysis (DEA) at the first stage to estimate efficiency scores and then used truncated regression estimation with double-bootstrap to test the significance of explanatory variables. Our results show that SWs have high levels of performance, higher in economic than in social terms, and we found that several factors, such as size and age, positively influence total, economic and social efficiency individually. We also found a positive, significant relationship between social efficiency and economic profitability.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Sheltered Workshops. Does Legal Status Matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
María-Celia López-Penabad ◽  
José Manuel Maside-Sanfiz ◽  
Juan Torrelles-Manent ◽  
Carmen López-Andión
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Social Efficiency ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Sheltered Workshops ◽  
For Profit

Social enterprise pursues both social and economic goals and is recognized as a formula for achieving sustainable development. Sheltered workshops (SWs) are a manifestation of this phenomenon, their main objective being the labor market integration of disabled people. In this paper, the efficiency of SWs has been studied taking into account the operational and the core social aspects, as well as their distinct nature, namely for-profit or non-profit status. Additionally, we have analyzed the relationship between the social efficiency and the economic returns of these entities. To do this, a semiparametric methodology, combining different data envelopment analysis (DEA) models with truncated regression estimation has been used. It is the non-profit and top-performing SWs that achieve the best social and economic efficiency. For-profit and low-performing SWs show further reductions in social efficiency as a result of the economic crisis and uncertainty in subsidy-related public policies. Their extensive social proactiveness and high economic strength in the crisis period positively influenced their social and economic efficiency. We have also proven that it is the most profitable SWs that have the greatest social efficiency. We consider that our results constitute a useful complement to other evaluation models for social enterprise.

scholarly journals Investigating the link between medical urgency and hospital efficiency – Insights from the German hospital market

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-660
Author(s):  
Annika Maren Schneider ◽  
Eva-Maria Oppel ◽  
Jonas Schreyögg
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Hospital Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Hospital Market ◽  
Double Bootstrap ◽  
Linear Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Urgency Score

AbstractWith hospital budgets remaining tight and healthcare expenditure rising due to demographic change and advances in technology, hospitals continue to face calls to contain costs and allocate their resources more efficiently. In this context, efficiency has emerged as an increasingly important way for hospitals to withstand competitive pressures in the hospital market. Doing so, however, can be challenging given unpredictable fluctuations in demand, a prime example of which are emergencies, i.e. urgent medical cases. The link between medical urgency and hospitals’ efficiency, however, has been neglected in the literature to date. This study therefore aims to investigate the relationship between hospitals’ urgency characteristics and their efficiency. Our analyses are based on 4094 observations from 1428 hospitals throughout Germany for the years 2015, 2016, and 2017. We calculate an average urgency score for each hospital based on all cases treated in that hospital per year and also investigate the within-hospital dispersion of medical urgency. To analyze the association of these urgency measures with hospitals’ efficiency we use a two-stage double bootstrap data envelopment analysis approach with truncated regression. We find a negative relationship between the urgency score and hospital efficiency. When testing for non-linear effects, the results reveal a u-shaped association, indicating that having either a high or low overall urgency score is beneficial in terms of efficiency. Finally, our results reveal that higher within-hospital urgency dispersion is negatively related to efficiency.

scholarly journals Operational Efficiency of Mexican Water Utilities: Results of a Double-Bootstrap Data Envelopment Analysis

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Humberto Ablanedo-Rosas ◽  
Aaron Guerrero Campanur ◽  
Elias Olivares-Benitez ◽  
Jacqueline Y. Sánchez-García ◽  
Juan Enrique Nuñez-Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Context Variable ◽  
Context Variables ◽  
Double Bootstrap

The objective of this paper is to estimate the operational efficiency of Mexican water utilities and identify the context variables that impact their efficiency. In particular, a bootstrap data envelopment analysis (DEA) and a bootstrap truncated regression analysis are combined in a two-stage research method. In the first stage, an input-oriented DEA model is used to determine bootstrap efficiency scores. Then, the corrected distribution function of the efficiency scores is used to estimate a truncated regression which is aimed to identify the significant influential context variables. Three categorical and two continuous context variables are considered in the analysis. Results show that only one context variable has a significant impact on the water utilities efficiency scores. Managerial recommendations are drawn from the analysis. It is suggested that water utilities continue or implement wastewater treatment, persist in decreasing and controlling leakage across the distribution network, and maximizing sewer coverage.

scholarly journals Brand strategy scope and advertising spending: The more the better?

2019 ◽  
pp. 135481661988213
Author(s):  
Ricardo Sellers-Rubio ◽  
Aurora Calderón-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Internet Advertising ◽  
Brand Strategy ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Marketing Performance ◽  
Double Bootstrap ◽  
Hotel Chains ◽  
Hotel Sector ◽  
Advertising Spending ◽  
Brand Portfolio

Given the need to justify business management expenses, firms are very interested in measuring marketing performance. The objective of this article is to analyze mass media advertising investment from an efficient point of view in hotel chains. To accomplish the objective, this article applies a two-stage double bootstrap data envelopment analysis to the monetary resources allocated to the different advertising media by the main companies in the Spanish hotel sector. The authors further investigate the determinants of hotel advertising efficiency in terms of the number of brands in the hotel portfolio and the combination of advertising media used (i.e. Internet advertising). The results show a certain level of waste of advertising spending by hotel chains and that both brand portfolio scope and Internet advertising positively affect efficiency.

Efficiency in the Provision of Public Municipal Cultural Facilities

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardino Benito ◽  
José Solana ◽  
María-Rocío Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Financial Resources ◽  
The Political ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Categorical Variable ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Double Bootstrap

Recent years have seen a wealth of studies on Cultural Economics, in line with the importance of the economic performance of the public sector. In this context, the two-stage double bootstrap procedure of Simar and Wilson (2007) has been used to estimate the efficiency determinants of Spanish local entities in the management of culture oriented public infrastructures, given the limited financial resources available to these entities. The final sample comprises 1,159 municipalities. In the first stage, technical efficiency is estimated by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and, based on a truncated-regression, the resulting efficiency estimates are regressed on a group of 10 selected environmental variables in a second stage. We have also considered the influence of a dummy categorical variable –the political sign of the governing party– on the efficient provision of the facilities under study. The results show the existence of a significant relation between efficiency and all the variables except two: unemployment rate and political strength. Our results also show that municipalities governed by conservatives parties are more efficient.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in our Knowledge of Parasitic Worms.

Parasitology ◽  
1913 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
William Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Parasitic Worms

During the course of the last few years our knowledge of parasitic worms in all their various relations has advanced and increased to a very considerable and satisfactory extent. From the purely zoological point of view the advances have been of the highest order, many important discoveries having been made, not only in connection with the morphology but also, and particularly, in connection with the development and bionomics of these worms. At the same time there has been a steadily increasing improvement in our ideas of their classification and relationships which has resulted in a much wider and more accurate conception of their zoological nature. While these rapidly accumulating discoveries have greatly extended the knowledge at our disposal, they have, in addition, rendered such facts easier of study and of use, with the result that the economic value of the subject as a whole has been very materially enhanced. Helminthology shares with Protozoology and Entomology the, in some respects, unenviable distinction of being of intrinsic importance not only to medicine, but also to veterinary and agricultural science. It has a smaller but no less definite economic importance in relation to fisheries. Apart from their purely zoological interest it is particularly as agents of disease that the parasitic worms are of importance, but there are a number of other matters connected with habits and distribution, on which a study of parasites may throw considerable light.

A Modified Chair Geometry for Whole Body Counting

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 246-247
Author(s):  
S. C. Jain ◽  
G. C. Bhola ◽  
A. Nagaratnam ◽  
M. M. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Spatial Response ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Whole Body Counting ◽  
The Buddha

SummaryIn the Marinelli chair, a geometry widely used in whole body counting, the lower part of the leg is seen quite inefficiently by the detector. The present paper describes an attempt to modify the standard chair geometry to minimise this limitation. The subject sits crossed-legged in the “Buddha Posture” in the standard chair. Studies with humanoid phantoms and a volunteer sitting in the Buddha posture show that this modification brings marked improvement over the Marinelli chair both from the point of view of sensitivity and uniformity of spatial response.

Sophie Laws, with Caroline Harper and Rachel Marcus. Research for Development: A Practical Guide. New Delhi: Vistaar Publications. 2003. xiii+475 pages. Paperback. Indian Rupees 450.00.

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-172
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Policy Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Is Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Development Workers

To implement any successful policy, research about the subject-matter is essential. Lack of knowledge would result in failure and, from an economic point of view, it would lead to a waste of scarce resources. The book under review is essentially a manual which highlights the use of research for development. The book is divided into two parts. Part One informs the reader about concepts and some theory, and Part Two deals with the issue of undertaking research for development. Both parts have 11 chapters each. Chapter 1 asks the basic question: Is research important in development work? The answer is that it is. Research has many dimensions: from the basic asking of questions to the more sophisticated broad-based analysis of policy issues. The chapter, in short, stresses the usefulness of research which development workers ignore at their own peril.

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