scholarly journals Causes and Consequences of the Conflict among Agricultural Water Beneficiaries in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Bijani ◽  
Dariush Hayati ◽  
Hossein Azadi ◽  
Vjekoslav Tanaskovik ◽  
Frank Witlox
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Water Conflict ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Water Conflicts ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Controllable Factors ◽  
Important Solution

This study aimed to analyze the causes and consequences of agricultural water conflicts among agricultural water beneficiaries in the irrigation network of Doroodzan dam, Iran. This research applied mixed-method and descriptive analysis, which was done in two qualitative and quantitative phases. The results showed that the causes of water conflicts can be divided into two groups of controllable and uncontrollable factors. The findings revealed that the main causes of agricultural water conflict in the studied area were ‘water scarcity’, ‘drought’, ‘physical structure of the Doroodzan dam irrigation network’, and ‘mismatched size of the irrigation network with Doroodzan dam’s water capacity’ as uncontrollable factors. Furthermore, ‘weakness of governmental water management’, ‘lake for local management of water resources by farmers’, ‘government’s reluctance about farmers’ participation’, and ‘farmers’ reluctance to participate in water management’ were identified as controllable factors. In this study, most of the conditions identified as consequences of water conflicts had ‘socio-economic’ and ‘agro-environmental’ aspects. Finally, based on the findings, a model was designed to determine the causes and consequences of agricultural water conflict. To break the causes and consequences cycle of water conflicts in Iran’s agriculture, the most important solution is shifting from governmentality to governance in water resources management.

Water Conflicts: The Case of the Nile River and the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-193
Author(s):  
Cătălin Badea
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Water Conflict ◽  
Water Conflicts ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
State Of Water

"The most crucial element of every life form on our planet, water has always been a source of potential animosity between clans, tribes and even states. With the advent of modern technology we have devoted less and less of our attention to this all-needed resource, but pollution, large-scale industrialization and agriculture, the population boom of the last centuries and crucially the climate calamity that it threatens to unleash, forces us to reconsider the key role played by water in the delicate and fragile ecosystem of our planet. This article takes a look at how water is, and will increasingly be, a source of contention and even conflicts between states, as climate changes and increasingly larger populations will be forced to fight over more and more depleted resources. With a focus on the case of the Nile river and the potential conflict over its water resources between Egypt and Ethiopia, this article examines how the mainstream state of water conflict thinking fails to explain the case of the Nile River Basis and the newly built Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and why the alternative ideas that are based on the notions of cooperation and justice might ultimately provide a better way of understanding the complex problem of the delicate management and use of water resources. Keywords: Water conflicts, Egypt, Ethiopia, GERD, The Nile"

scholarly journals Conjunctive effect of water productivity and cultivation pattern on agricultural water management

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1515-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Mahsafar ◽  
Mohsen Najarchi ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Najafizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Mirhoseini Hezaveh
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Agricultural Water Management

Abstract Agricultural water resources are scarce in Iran, and agricultural water management is essential to overcome this limitation. Determination of the water productivity index (WP) using the methods of optimization of cropping patterns and optimal water allocation is the most effective tool in water management in the agricultural sector. In this study, a non-linear optimization model was used to calculate the maximum WP in the Qazvin plain irrigation network. The proposed model was applied to six different water supply scenarios including 100% and 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, and 50% of full irrigation volume. The results showed that the scenario of 60% of full irrigation could increase the WP index by 8.5%, while with the implementation of this scenario, the net benefit from the sale of agricultural products was reduced to the amount of 247 × 109 Iranian Rials (IRR), which was 28% less than the existing conditions in the region. Therefore, the 60% water supply was selected as the economical and efficient scenario in the irrigation of Qazvin plain. It can be claimed that the most important index in agricultural water management is the WP index.

scholarly journals Identifying Capabilities and Potentials of System Dynamics in Hydrology and Water Resources as a Promising Modeling Approach for Water Management

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed F. Mashaly ◽  
Alexander G. Fernald
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Agricultural Water Management ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Water Resources Systems ◽  
Hydrology And Water Resources

Agriculture is the most important sector with regard to water resources management due to its social, economic, hydrological, and environmental aspects, and many scholars and researchers have been driven to investigate the dynamic interrelationships among hydrological, environmental, and socioeconomic factors affecting agriculture. The system dynamics (SD) approach has become widely used because of its merits and benefits as a tool to deal with complex, dynamic problems and systems with many aspects and components that are involved and must be understood to ensure sound decisions regarding water and hydrological systems. Although agricultural water management needs to be studied as a main part of water management, socioeconomic management, and environmental management requiring the use of SD, this review shows that SD is currently used to a limited extent in terms of agricultural water management. This paper sheds light on the studies and investigations on the use of SD in the water sector and highlights the strengths of SD in order to encourage researchers to use this promising method to manage such a vital resource. Accordingly, this review seeks to include a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of existing publications and scholarly papers on the use of SD modeling as an effective technique for dealing with different problems associated with planning, management, and analysis of hydrology and water resources systems. Recent trends in the integration of SD with other modeling systems, such as artificial intelligence systems, are discussed along with the limitations and challenges facing application. This article makes a new contribution by giving a foundation of references and studies for scholars, researchers, and academics which encourages future investigation in employing the SD approach to hydrology and water resources management and planning, especially with agricultural water.

scholarly journals Water rights trading: a new approach to dealing with trans-boundary water conflicts in river basins

Water Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-152
Author(s):  
Gui-liang Tian ◽  
Ji-ning Liu ◽  
Xiao-yu Li ◽  
Ye-qin Li ◽  
Hao Yin
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Water Conflict ◽  
Water Conflicts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Climate change and increasing demand of water aggravate the frequency and intensity of trans-boundary water conflicts, which are evolving into one of the most sensitive economic and social issues in trans-boundary areas. This paper analyzes the inefficiency of traditional regional negotiation models to deal with trans-boundary water conflicts, and argues that Coase's theory of property rights is more suitable for dealing with trans-boundary water conflicts. Based on the Bayesian evolutionary game model with incomplete information of property rights, we put forward the following two ways to promote the smooth progress of water rights trading and, furthermore, resolve water resources conflicts: first, to reduce the transaction costs of the upstream and downstream regions; second, to increase utilization efficiency of water resources in the upper reaches. Finally, taking the water conflict of Dayankeng Hydropower Station as a case simulation, we give answers to the three questions: (1) under what conditions, both sides of the conflicts will choose water rights trading; (2) what is the impact of transaction costs on water rights trading, which provided a new way to solve trans-boundary water conflicts; (3) what is the improvement of welfare effects of water conflict participants because of water rights trading.

Livestock water productivity: implications for sub-Saharan Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Peden ◽  
G. Taddesse ◽  
A. Haileslassie
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Sub Saharan

Water is essential for agriculture including livestock. Given increasing global concern that access to agricultural water will constrain food production and that livestock production uses and degrades too much water, there is compelling need for better understanding of the nature of livestock–water interactions. Inappropriate animal management along with poor cropping practices often contributes to widespread and severe depletion, degradation and contamination of water. In developed countries, diverse environmental organisations increasingly voice concerns that animal production is a major cause of land and water degradation. Thus, they call for reduced animal production. Such views generally fail to consider their context, applicability and implications for developing countries. Two global research programs, the CGIAR ‘Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management and Agriculture’ and ‘Challenge Program on Water and Food’ have undertaken studies of the development, management and conservation of agricultural water in developing countries. Drawing on these programs, this paper describes a framework to systematically identify key livestock–water interactions and suggests strategies for improving livestock and water management especially in the mixed crop–livestock production systems of sub-Saharan Africa. In contrast to developed country experience, this research suggests that currently livestock water productivity compares favourably with crop water productivity in Africa. Yet, great opportunities remain to further reduce domestic animals’ use of water in the continent. Integrating livestock and water planning, development and management has the potential to help reduce poverty, increase food production and reduce pressure on the environment including scarce water resources. Four strategies involving technology, policy and institutional interventions can help achieve this. They are choosing feeds that require relatively little water, conserving water resources through better animal and land management, applying well known tools from the animal sciences to increase animal production, and strategic temporal and spatial provisioning of drinking water. Achieving integrated livestock–water development will require new ways of thinking about, and managing, water by water- and animal-science professionals.

New advanced designed systems to ensure safeguard of the territory and preservation of water resources for irrigation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Cinalberto Bertozzi ◽  
Fabio Paglione
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Water Board ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Innovative Techniques ◽  
River Po ◽  
Crop Irrigation

The Burana Land-Reclamation Board is an interregional water board operating in three regions and five provinces. The Burana Land-Reclamation Board operates over a land area of about 250,000 hectares between the Rivers Secchia, Panaro and Samoggia, which forms the drainage basin of the River Panaroand part of the Burana-Po di Volano, from the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines to the River Po. Its main tasks are the conservation and safeguarding of the territory, with particular attention to water resources and how they are used, ensuring rainwater drainage from urban centres, avoiding flooding but ensuringwater supply for crop irrigation in the summer to combat drought. Since the last century the Burana Land-Reclamation Board has been using innovative techniques in the planning of water management schemes designed to achieve the above aims, improving the management of water resources while keeping a constant eye on protection of the environment.

MODERN HYDROGRAPHIC AND WATER MANAGEMENT ZONING OF UKRAINE’S TERRITORY – IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WFD-2000/60/EC

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.K. Khilchevskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basins ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Main Function ◽  
River Basin Management Plans ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Sea Coast

In contrast to the hydrological and hydrochemical zoning, hydrographic and water management zoning of Ukraine (2016) was created on a basin basis, taking into account the boundaries of river basins, and not physiographic zoning. The main function of hydrographic and water management zoning is water management. Primary is hydrographic zoning, and water management - based on it. The description of modern hydrographic zoning of the territory of Ukraine, approved in 2016 by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and included in the Water Code of Ukraine is given. Hydrographic zoning is carried out for the development and implementation of river basin management plans. On the territory of Ukraine nine areas of river basins are allocated: Dnipro; Dnister; Danube; Southern Bug; Don; Vistula; rivers of the Crimea; rivers of the Black Sea coast; rivers of the Azov Sea coast 13 sub-basins are allocated in four river basins district. The water management zoning is described - the division of hydrographic units into water management areas, which is carried out for the development of water management balances. In the regions of the river basins in the territory of Ukraine allocated 132 water management areas, 59 of which are located in the Dnipro basin. About 9,000 bodies of surface water allocated for monitoring in Ukraine. Approved zoning is the implementation of the provisions of the EU Water Framework Directive 2000/60 / EC in the management of water resources in Ukraine. Modern hydrographic and water management zoning of the territory of Ukraine approximates the management of water resources of the state to European requirements.

Water Governance and Management in Indus Basin - Challenges & Threats

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marium Sara Minhas Bandeali
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The State ◽  
Indus Basin

Water governance and management are important challenges for the River Indus Basin in Pakistan. Water governance refers to social, political and economic factors that influence water management. The water scarcity and water security are a major concern for the state to control its water resources. The study aims to give Sindh water policy by exploring the challenges to Indus Basin in managing water resources and to identify opportunities Indus Basin can look to improve water management. Interviews were conducted from water experts and analysts having 5 years’ experience or more in the water sector of Pakistan through a semi-structured self-developed questionnaire using purposive sampling technique and transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The findings show that increasing population, climatic change and rising demand of water are major challenges Indus is facing and Indus with time is getting water-scarce therefore need strong institutions, civil society and legislatures to ensure equitable distribution of water and maintain the ecosystem. The study emphasizes that water governance and management are necessary for sustainable use of water. Pakistan, the water stress country needs to address ‘governance’ at a wider scale to solve problems in the Indus Basin for the livelihood of people. The research will benefit the state, water experts, institutions as well as civil society to promote efficient use of water in Indus Basin.

Urban Water Resources Toolbox - Integrating Groundwater into Urban Water Management

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (0) ◽  
pp. 9781780402437-9781780402437 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wolf ◽  
B. Morris ◽  
S. Burn
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Management
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