scholarly journals Water rights trading: a new approach to dealing with trans-boundary water conflicts in river basins

Water Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-152
Author(s):  
Gui-liang Tian ◽  
Ji-ning Liu ◽  
Xiao-yu Li ◽  
Ye-qin Li ◽  
Hao Yin
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Water Conflict ◽  
Water Conflicts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Climate change and increasing demand of water aggravate the frequency and intensity of trans-boundary water conflicts, which are evolving into one of the most sensitive economic and social issues in trans-boundary areas. This paper analyzes the inefficiency of traditional regional negotiation models to deal with trans-boundary water conflicts, and argues that Coase's theory of property rights is more suitable for dealing with trans-boundary water conflicts. Based on the Bayesian evolutionary game model with incomplete information of property rights, we put forward the following two ways to promote the smooth progress of water rights trading and, furthermore, resolve water resources conflicts: first, to reduce the transaction costs of the upstream and downstream regions; second, to increase utilization efficiency of water resources in the upper reaches. Finally, taking the water conflict of Dayankeng Hydropower Station as a case simulation, we give answers to the three questions: (1) under what conditions, both sides of the conflicts will choose water rights trading; (2) what is the impact of transaction costs on water rights trading, which provided a new way to solve trans-boundary water conflicts; (3) what is the improvement of welfare effects of water conflict participants because of water rights trading.

Water Conflicts: The Case of the Nile River and the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-193
Author(s):  
Cătălin Badea
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Water Conflict ◽  
Water Conflicts ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
State Of Water

"The most crucial element of every life form on our planet, water has always been a source of potential animosity between clans, tribes and even states. With the advent of modern technology we have devoted less and less of our attention to this all-needed resource, but pollution, large-scale industrialization and agriculture, the population boom of the last centuries and crucially the climate calamity that it threatens to unleash, forces us to reconsider the key role played by water in the delicate and fragile ecosystem of our planet. This article takes a look at how water is, and will increasingly be, a source of contention and even conflicts between states, as climate changes and increasingly larger populations will be forced to fight over more and more depleted resources. With a focus on the case of the Nile river and the potential conflict over its water resources between Egypt and Ethiopia, this article examines how the mainstream state of water conflict thinking fails to explain the case of the Nile River Basis and the newly built Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and why the alternative ideas that are based on the notions of cooperation and justice might ultimately provide a better way of understanding the complex problem of the delicate management and use of water resources. Keywords: Water conflicts, Egypt, Ethiopia, GERD, The Nile"

scholarly journals Optimal Water Allocation Based on Water Rights Transaction Models with Administered and Market-Based Systems: A Case Study of Shiyang River Basin, China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhen Wang ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Yuefei Huang ◽  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Haihong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Transaction Model ◽  
Shiyang River Basin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Optimal Water Allocation

Water-rights trade has proved to be an effective method for coping with water shortages through the transfer of water resources between users. The water allocation system is classified into two categories based on information transparency and water rights transaction goals: administered system (AS) and market-based system (MS). A multi-agent and multi-objective optimal allocation model, built on a complex adaptive system, was introduced to direct the distribution of water resources under an AS in the Shiyang River Basin; it was compared with a market-based water rights transaction model using the bulletin-board approach. Ideal economic agent equations played a dominant role in both models. The government and different water users were conceptualized as agents with different behaviors and goals in water allocation. The impact of water-saving cost on optimal water allocation was also considered. The results showed that an agent’s water-saving behavior was incentivized by high transaction prices in the water market. Under the MS, the highest bid in the quotation set had a dominant influence on how trade was conducted. A higher transaction price will, thus, result in a better benefit ratio, and a lower one will result in inactivity in terms of water rights trade. This will significantly impact the economic benefit to the basin.

scholarly journals Research on the impact of environmental regulation on water resources utilization efficiency in China based on SYS-GMM model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Wang ◽  
Z. L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Water Resource Utilization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resource Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Water Resources Utilization

Abstract The paper uses the super-efficiency DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model to measure the water resources utilization efficiency of 30 provinces in China, and then uses the system GMM (Generalized Method of Moments) model to analyze the impact of environmental regulations on China's regional water resources utilization efficiency. Conclusions as follows: (1) The overall water utilization efficiency is low, and the regions are very unbalanced. The more efficient areas are concentrated in the east, and the less efficient areas are in the west; (2)There is a ‘U’-shaped relationship between the intensity of environmental regulation and water resource utilization efficiency, that is, weaker environmental regulation intensity is not conducive to the improvement of water resource utilization efficiency, but when the intensity of environmental regulation crosses the ‘inflection point’, it can promote the improvement of water resources utilization efficiency; (3) The level of economic development has a very significant positive effect on water resources utilization efficiency, and the coefficient of scientific and technological progress is positive, but the impact of scientific and technological input on water resources utilization efficiency is limited and not significant; industrial structure and water resource utilization efficiency shows a negative correlation; water use structure and water resources efficiency show a negative correlation.

Game Theory and Dealing with Water Conflict

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyede Simin Mirhashemi Dehkordi ◽  
◽  
Hojjat Mianabadi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Theory Method ◽  
Water Conflict ◽  
Water Conflicts ◽  
Transboundary River ◽  
Transboundary River Basins ◽  
The Game Theory ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the last century, water conflicts have increased in many parts of the world for reasons such as a strong desire for rapid development and poor governance. The impact of these conflicts on various sectors of society such as economic, political and legal subsystems has led researchers to focus on providing solutions and practical methods to deal with water conflicts. Game theory is one of the most common methods used by researchers to manage water conflicts and water allocation in shared and transboundary river basins. Despite the special place of game theory in reductionist sciences, the application of this theory to dealing with conflicts in complex water systems faces challenges. Whereas, the critique of the effectiveness of the game theory method in water conflict management has been neglected. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the capacity to apply the game theory to deal with water conflicts. In order to achieve this purpose, while using library resources, the basics of game theory and the capacity to apply it in the management of water conflicts are analyzed. The results reveal that following the theory of rational choice and rationalism in the game theory method has led to ignore many dimensions and factors affecting the water conflict formation and the way to deal with complex water conflicts. Keywords: Water Conflicts, Game Theory, Peacebuilding, Shared and Transboundary River Basins

Who owns the water? A study of a water conflict in the Valley of Ixtlahuaca, Mexico

Water Policy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gro Volckmar Dyrnes ◽  
Arild Vatn
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Conflict ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Pricing System ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The 1960S

This paper is about rights to water. It follows a conflict over use of groundwater in Mexico from the middle of the 1960s. It illustrates how previously defined rights concerning access to water resources can be eroded. Two main mechanisms seem to be involved. First, the character of the resource – groundwater – makes it difficult both to distribute rights and to define when they are violated. Second, unequal power to express ones interests and to influence the process of the de facto shifting of rights is of great importance. While the Valley of Ixtlahuaca prior to the 1960s was blessed with ample access to water, extraction to supply Mexico City, which has been taking place since 1966, lowered the water table rapidly. After a few years traditional access to groundwater by locals was made impossible and the functioning of the local ecosystems was disrupted. It is shown that the redistribution of access to water was not in accordance with the existing legal rules concerning water rights. Owing to continuing water shortage, a pricing system is proposed forcing previously right holders to pay for the water in the future.

scholarly journals Calculation of optimal tax rate of water resources and analysis of social welfare based on CGE model: a case study in Hebei Province, China

Water Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-liang Tian ◽  
Zheng Wu ◽  
Yu-can Hu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Cge Model ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Optimal Tax ◽  
Water Resources Protection ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The determination of the optimal tax rate of water resources is one of the core as well as the key economic and technological issue in the ‘fee to tax’ work of water resources in China. Therefore, based on the introduction of the computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of water resources tax, using production parameters and consumption parameters of Hebei province in 2008–2017, the optimal tax rate of water resources is simulated and calculated, and the impact of the optimal tax rate on social welfare is analyzed. The results show that the reference of the best water resources tax rate in Hebei Province is 18%, and taxation on water resources effectively promotes the water use structure and water resources utilization efficiency in Hebei, which is beneficial to its water resources protection. The effective calculation of the optimal tax rate of water resources tax in Hebei Province proves the effectiveness of the CGE model in the formulation of water resources tax rate, which provides an important reference for the nationwide popularization of water resources ‘fee to tax reform’ in China and the formulation of water resources tax rate in other regions.

scholarly journals Liquidity: Water and Investment in Mandate Palestine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Cristina Violante
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Exclusive Property ◽  
Property Regime

In this article, I illustrate two ways in which Zionist settlers appropriated water in Mandate Palestine. The first way was through the imposition of a new kind of property regime, one that measured and defined water rights in terms of volume. This differed from customary Palestinian practice, which distributed water in time-based shares. I argue that volume-based measures made water more easily bought and sold and, by extension, more like a commodity. The second method of appropriation I detail is the granting of concessions to generate hydroelectricity to the Palestine Electric Corporation. These concessions gave the company control over three of Palestine’s major rivers, which it then turned into an object of investment for foreign shareholders. As a result, water use cannot be understood separately from electricity during the Mandate. While these two processes might appear unrelated, I argue that they were both legalized methods of exclusion that, when taken together, reveal a larger process of gradual, albeit incomplete, dispossession of water resources. While Zionist settler colonialism legitimated itself by claiming to efficiently use natural resources, such as water, in actuality, it sustained itself by imposing exclusive property rights.

scholarly journals Causes and Consequences of the Conflict among Agricultural Water Beneficiaries in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Bijani ◽  
Dariush Hayati ◽  
Hossein Azadi ◽  
Vjekoslav Tanaskovik ◽  
Frank Witlox
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Water Conflict ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Water Conflicts ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Controllable Factors ◽  
Important Solution

This study aimed to analyze the causes and consequences of agricultural water conflicts among agricultural water beneficiaries in the irrigation network of Doroodzan dam, Iran. This research applied mixed-method and descriptive analysis, which was done in two qualitative and quantitative phases. The results showed that the causes of water conflicts can be divided into two groups of controllable and uncontrollable factors. The findings revealed that the main causes of agricultural water conflict in the studied area were ‘water scarcity’, ‘drought’, ‘physical structure of the Doroodzan dam irrigation network’, and ‘mismatched size of the irrigation network with Doroodzan dam’s water capacity’ as uncontrollable factors. Furthermore, ‘weakness of governmental water management’, ‘lake for local management of water resources by farmers’, ‘government’s reluctance about farmers’ participation’, and ‘farmers’ reluctance to participate in water management’ were identified as controllable factors. In this study, most of the conditions identified as consequences of water conflicts had ‘socio-economic’ and ‘agro-environmental’ aspects. Finally, based on the findings, a model was designed to determine the causes and consequences of agricultural water conflict. To break the causes and consequences cycle of water conflicts in Iran’s agriculture, the most important solution is shifting from governmentality to governance in water resources management.

scholarly journals THE EVOLUTION AND TRANSFORMATION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT RESEARCH

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanna Shevchuk
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Impact

In the study of market relations, the concept of "property rights" should be considered as an important precondition for economic development. The most controversial issue in the institutional research development is to determine the patterns of interaction between the economic and legal systems, particularly, in the context of the formation and development of the property rights as a set of economic, social, legal relations between members of society that give people usefulness or pleasure. The theoretical framework for the formation of the institutional concept of the property rights is based on the socio-legal direction of American institutionalism and the Anglo-Saxon legal system. For the first time, American institutionalism paid attention to the economic aspects of the ownership transference of goods and services (market transactions) and the Anglo-Saxon law has studied the impact of the various forms of ownership on economic relations, in particular, in the structure of formation of transaction costs associated with market operations. The theory of transaction costs has become the basis for the development of three areas of "neo-institutional" research on property rights: the first is the economics of law (theory of property rights), the second is the institutional theory of the state and the third is new economic history. The understanding of property rights is based on the following that property rights can be established to any rare tangible and intangible objects, even personal human rights. Moreover, the basis of the economic activity is the exchange of the property rights, market operations transactions. And the use of market mechanism for the exchanging of goods is followed by transaction costs. The market transactions costs determine the composition, structure and dynamics of changes in social institutions of society. And property rights have a significant impact on the behavior of property relations participants and encourage people to adhere to certain forms of behavior and cause them to avert other forms of activity. Compliance and violation of the rules established by the property rights is an act of a rational economic choice.

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