scholarly journals Hydrodynamic Analysis of a Stormwater System, under Data Scarcity, for Decision-Making Process: The Duran Case Study (Ecuador)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10541
Author(s):  
David Matamoros ◽  
Mijail Arias-Hidalgo ◽  
Maria del Pilar Cornejo-Rodriguez ◽  
Mercy J. Borbor-Cordova
Keyword(s):  
Model Calibration ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Precipitation Event ◽  
Risk Awareness ◽  
Hydrodynamic Analysis ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
The City

Urban flooding is a major problem in many coastal cities around the world, mainly caused by factors such as poor urban planning, outdated sewer capacity or high frequent extreme events. In developing countries such as Ecuador, lack of monitoring, financial constraints and absence of proper policies exacerbate flooding problems. The use of the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) helped to identify zones that are flooded even with a 2-year precipitation event at Duran city. Since there are no flood monitoring stations across the study area, model calibration was performed against unofficial records (people complaints, media photographs, and water marks on walls). Model results fairly agreed with those unofficial record. However, a validation process is not achievable yet due to lack of enough flood data even in flood prone areas. To further increase city resilience, authorities and stakeholders should engage in climate actions to raise flood hazard-risk awareness, monitoring hydro-meteorological factors, complement drainage operations with nature-based solutions, and improve hydrodynamic modelling to develop a flood early warning system for the city.

scholarly journals Determinants of Flooding and Strategies for Mitigation: Two-Year Case Study of Benin City

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Cirella ◽  
Felix Iyalomhe ◽  
Paul Adekola
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
High Water ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Transportation Routes ◽  
The City

Recent flood disasters in Benin City, Nigeria have claimed a number of lives, damaged property, and threatened the overall livelihood of residents. The economic burden of such events has forced a vast reallocation of monetary resources for clean-up and recovery, as well as forcibly altered and suspended internal trade via devastated transportation routes. Secondary trends include inflation and migration concerns. As a result, the aim has been to prioritize mitigation by examining easily read, rapidly accessible flood hazard maps, as well as assess and identify areas within the city prone to flooding. We used a number of data sources and conducted a questionnaire surveying three of the local government areas of Benin City over a two-year period. Findings indicate excessive unsustainable land use and land cover change and a flat and high water table area with close proximity to the Atlantic Ocean make the city susceptible to flood risk. Heavy rainfall and drainage system blockage are leading causes of flooding which have destroyed property and houses—two major side effects. A number of mitigation and disaster risk reduction measures were, hereafter, recommended to reduce flooding occurrence in Benin City or lessen its effects on inhabitants.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN METODE ANALISIS RISIKO BENCANA: SEBUAH STUDI KASUS PULAU LOMBOK

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Index ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
A Site ◽  
The City

Earthquakes often cause fatalities to human being. Unfortunately, the event of earthquakes cannot be forecasted. But, the hazard risk due to these earthquakes could be reduced if the geological, seismic and physical surface conditions are known. This reduction plays an important role in disaster mitigation. This paper discusses the development of a method for hazard risk analysis due to earthquakes. The development is based on the input parameters of the hazard and vulnerability components of a site being investigated. Each parameter is then rated, so the total rating of hazard and vulnerability input parameters is obtained. The comparison between the applied rating and the total rating of hazard and vulnerability input parameters results in an index of each input parameter, consecutively. Thus, the multiplication of indexes, (hazard and vulnerability), results in a hazard risk index. Based on the proposed hazard index, a case study in the city of Mataram of Lombok Island has been conducted. The result shows that the city of Mataram has a medium hazard risk index. This means that if an earthquake occurs in the city of Mataram, a medium scale of fatalities may be experienced by the city. However, this index should be considered as an early warning system in disaster mitigation. So, the real condition of the city should be evaluated in order to increase the degree of preparedness due to the event of earthquakes that could occur at any time.

scholarly journals Sustainable Urban Development for Costal City Case Study: Bourg El-Bourols City

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1047
Author(s):  
Amany Ragheb ◽  
Haithem El Sharnouby
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Distinct Character ◽  
Development Area ◽  
The City ◽  
Current Reality

Comprehensive urban development varies from place to place according to the different natural environment, unplanned urban development on coastal cities led to an urban disruption and random possession of lands, Burj Al-Burullus is a coastal city with high environmental sensitivity and has many environmental, social, and cultural systems that qualify it to be a development area with a distinct character. The challenges of urban development represent the biggest challenge to development in the region. Despite the presence of many development plans in the region, there is no clear methodology that considers the resources and the distinct potentials of these areas to make use of them in solving the problems that hinder development. The research presents an attempt to reach a mechanism through which sustainable urban development can be achieved in all economic, social, and demographic aspects. In addition, it contributes to formulating a vision and developing a strategy to achieve sustainable urban development, with the participation of economic institutions in a way that stimulates these institutions to invest. The research studies and evaluates the current reality of Burj Al-Burullus city using GIS in terms of the characteristics and activities of the city and explores its developmental reality. The research attempts to find appropriate urban solutions to overcome these urban challenges and develop plans to be used as a link between the challenges and development results and to be followed in the development of the region and similar areas.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Controlling the River Outlets by Weirs on the Example of Noteć Bystra River

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2369
Author(s):  
Joanna Wicher-Dysarz ◽  
Ewelina Szałkiewicz ◽  
Joanna Jaskuła ◽  
Tomasz Dysarz ◽  
Maksymilian Rybacki
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Flood Wave ◽  
Extreme Hazards ◽  
Longitudinal Profiles ◽  
Maximum Flows ◽  
The City ◽  
Flood Waves

The possibility of effective control of selected dams in the Noteć Bystra river is analyzed. Such a control is expected to permit inundation of selected arable areas, e.g., peat grasslands, to avoid flooding of the city of Czarnków and the terrains located downstream. The chosen case study is the reach of the Noteć River between the dams Pianowka–Mikolajewo–Rosko. The analysis was made on the basis of simulations of the flow and regulation of dams in flood conditions. The flow peaks of hypothetical flood waves were designed according to the directions of the ISOK project (Informatyczny System Osłony Kraju przed nadzwyczajnymi zagrożeniami—IT System of the Country’s Protection Against Extreme Hazards) as the maximum flows over 10-years (p = 10%), 100-years (p = 1%), and 500-years (p = 0.2%). The obtained results are presented as longitudinal profiles of the water surface, maps of inundated areas and maps of inundated soils. The main conclusion is that the robust control of dams reduces the peak of flow during flood wave propagation and forces inundation of the a priori selected areas. It helps to decrease the spatial range of the flood hazard and significantly reduces risk related to floods.

An alternative flood model calibration strategy for urban watersheds: the case study of Riohacha, Colombia

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 2095-2105
Author(s):  
Antonio Krishnamurti Beleño de Oliveira ◽  
Osvaldo Moura Rezende ◽  
Matheus Martins de Sousa ◽  
Andrea Nardini ◽  
Marcelo Gomes Miguez
Keyword(s):  
Model Calibration ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Calibration Process ◽  
Hard Data ◽  
Working Solution ◽  
The City ◽  
Original Approach ◽  
Modelling Process

Abstract The city of Riohacha (Colombia) has a complex urban setting that, under the pressure of recurring intense rains, experiences increasing flood damage. With the aim of identifying a systemic solution to flood problems, a hydrodynamic mathematical modelling exercise was conducted. Within the modelling process, calibration and validation are two fundamental actions that must precede the use of the model. However, most of the river basins around the world lack hydrometeorological information, which is indispensable for the calibration process. This paper presents an original approach to collecting such information for the calibration process, based on interviewing inhabitants. The results of this effort were surprisingly good, when considering the kind of approximations involved in using people's answers as hard data. This encouraged us to promote it as a working solution for many other similar cases, which all suffer from lack of suitable data.

Controlling taste and odour events for the city of Philadelphia, USA: a case study

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. (Mel) Suffet ◽  
Gary Burlingame ◽  
Erin Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Consumer Complaints ◽  
Chlorine Disinfection ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
The City

The overall goal of this case study is to describe the history and present methods that the Philadelphia Water Department (PWD) uses to address its on-going earthy and musty drinking water T&O problems. The Philadelphia Water Department has developed a baseline for its water's aesthetic qualities since the early 1980’s. Philadelphia feels it has sufficient resources to control taste and odour problems. However, when directly asked, only 61–64% of the consumers are satisfied with the taste and odour of Philadelphia's drinking waters. A taste and odour early warning system is being developed for the two drinking water sources, the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. Secondly, routine T&O panels and chemical analysis of geosmin and MIB are completed. Since the year 2000, 10 ng/L has become an early warning wake-up call for PWD. When higher levels are observed, testing is a priority, the source of the T&O is investigated and consumer complaints are monitored carefully. Present water treatment plants are conventional with chlorine disinfection, coagulation/sedimentation, rapid dual media filtration and final chloramination. The PWD uses powdered activated carbon, river water bypass and hydraulic changes in the distribution system to minimise odour events.

scholarly journals Modelling flood hazard at Paratrechos/Peritsi stream, Naxos Island (Cyclades, Greece)

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Niki EVELPIDOU ◽  
Niki POLYKRETI ◽  
Anna KARKANI ◽  
Eirini KARDARA ◽  
Stamatina SEFERLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Geological Formations

Flash floods are one of the most significant natural hazards in the Mediterranean, affecting most basins in the region. Flash floods usually occur in ephemeral streams after particularly heavy rainfall. Although the average annual rainfall in the Cycladic islands (Greece) does not exceed 400 mm, flash floods are frequent, since most of that rainfall is often concentrated in few but very intense events. The case study is the drainage basin of Paratrechos or Peritsi stream in Naxos Island. This particular basin was selected due to the recorded flood events, the stream's proximity to the city that intensifies the flood impact, the slopes' gradient abrupt changes and the diverse infiltration rate of the geological formations. Furthermore, some parts of the basin are intact by human activities, while others are severely affected. This study investigates the relationship between rain and runoff through Unitary Hydrographs, in order to estimate and evaluate the flood potential of the aforementioned hydrologic basin and to determine the causes of the hazard and vulnerability. The Clark method was implemented and its results were further evaluated by field measurements.

SPECIFIC TOURIST AND RECREATION OFFERS OF AN AMERICAN COASTAL CITY – ON THE EXAMPLE OF HUNTINGTON BEACH (USA, SOUTH CALIFORNIA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Janusz Olearnik
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Seaside Resort ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Active Leisure ◽  
The City

Purpose. Recognition of specifics regarding the tourist offer at a renowned seaside resort in Southern California and indication as to which of these specific features of the offer could be used in developing tourist offers in Poland. Method. The basic method used is case study, that is the tourist aspect of the city of Huntington Beach. The research material for the creation of this study was mainly collected using the method of direct observation, including participation during an internship in 2018 and annual visits from 2011 to 2016, as well as the study of printed and Internet materials. Findings. The main identified characteristics of the analysed offer are: sustainable use of natural and infrastructural conditions for tourism, suitably varied level of conditions for stay - adaptation to tourist segments, active leisure opportunities based on perfect use of local conditions, care for a clear tourist image of the city and specific local colour, mega-events, the impact of numerous tourist attractions in nearby towns. Research and conclusions limitations. Research was based on direct observations covering a specific case of one city. It is used to look for patterns for other tourist centres. Practical implications. It was indicated how the specific properties of the Huntington Beach tourist offer could be used to improve tourist offers in Polish coastal cities. Originality. The originality of the article consists in presenting and evaluating the tourist offer of Huntington Beach, a popular and renowned recreation centre in California. The source of originality concerns expert observations collected and systematised as a result of repeated stays in this city. Type of paper. The article can be considered as a case study.

Appraisal of hydro-meteorological factors during extreme precipitation event: case study of Kedarnath cloudburst, Uttarakhand, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailendra Pratap ◽  
Prashant K. Srivastava ◽  
Ashish Routray ◽  
Tanvir Islam ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Mall
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Event ◽  
Precipitation Event

scholarly journals Detecting Extreme Rainfall Events Using the WRF-ERDS Workflow: The 15 July 2020 Palermo Case Study

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Paola Mazzoglio ◽  
Andrea Parodi ◽  
Antonio Parodi
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Event ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
The City ◽  
Meteorological Models

In this work, we describe the integration of Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) forecasts produced by CIMA Research Foundation within ITHACA Extreme Rainfall Detection System (ERDS) to increase the forecasting skills of the overall early warning system. The entire workflow is applied to the heavy rainfall event that affected the city of Palermo on 15 July 2020, causing urban flooding due to an exceptional rainfall amount of more than 130 mm recorded in about 2.5 h. This rainfall event was not properly forecasted by meteorological models operational at the time of the event, thus not allowing to issue an adequate alert over that area. The results highlight that the improvement in the quantitative precipitation scenario forecast skills, supported by the adoption of the H2020 LEXIS computing facilities and by the assimilation of in situ observations, allowed the ERDS system to improve the prediction of the peak rainfall depths, thus paving the way to the potential issuing of an alert over the Palermo area.

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