scholarly journals Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Biomass Valorisation: A Strategic Drive for Sustainable Bioeconomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4200
Author(s):  
Ishtiaq Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Anjum Zia ◽  
Huma Afzal ◽  
Shaheez Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Biomass Valorisation ◽  
Efficient Program

In the late twentieth century, the only cost-effective opportunity for waste removal cost at least several thousand dollars, but nowadays, a lot of improvement has occurred. The biomass and waste generation problems attracted concerned authorities to identify and provide environmentally friendly sustainable solutions that possess environmental and economic benefits. The present study emphasises the valorisation of biomass and waste produced by domestic and industrial sectors. Therefore, substantial research is ongoing to replace the traditional treatment methods that potentially acquire less detrimental effects. Synthetic biology can be a unique platform that invites all the relevant characters for designing and assembling an efficient program that could be useful to handle the increasing threat for human beings. In the future, these engineered methods will not only revolutionise our lives but practically lead us to get cheaper biofuels, producing bioenergy, pharmaceutics, and various biochemicals. The bioaugmentation approach concomitant with microbial fuel cells (MFC) is an example that is used to produce electricity from municipal waste, which is directly associated with the loading of waste. Beyond the traditional opportunities, herein, we have spotlighted the new advances in pertinent technology closely related to production and reduction approaches. Various integrated modern techniques and aspects related to the industrial sector are also discussed with suitable examples, including green energy and other industrially relevant products. However, many problems persist in present-day technology that requires essential efforts to handle thoroughly because significant valorisation of biomass and waste involves integrated methods for timely detection, classification, and separation. We reviewed and proposed the anticipated dispensation methods to overcome the growing stream of biomass and waste at a distinct and organisational scale.

scholarly journals SCOPE OF RE-UTILIZATION OF WASTE FOUNDRY SAND OBTAINED FROM INDUSTRIAL SECTORS IN AND NEAR KOLHAPUR, MAHARASHTRA TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABILITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arundhati Vijay Shinde ◽  
Ar. Vandana Pusalkar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Waste Foundry Sand

At re-utilization and self-sustaining aspects have become an important factor to survive as humans and also as a part of nature. The issues that we are facing like climate change, health issues, global warming, pollution, etc. cannot be neglected or taken for granted anymore. Which makes it important to create a sustainable relationship to achieve a balance between manufacturing, consumption, and disposal of every product generated. Reusing industrial waste and recycling it into viable and sustainable solutions to fulfill the upcoming need for resources becomes a substantial solution to the increasing quantity of waste from industries and factories. This paper focuses on industry waste like waste foundry sand obtained from foundries that can be used effectively. Specifically in the scope of foundry industries in and around Kolhapur, as being a potentially growing foundry industrial hub. So with such a scenario where the waste and its generation occur simultaneously. It demands a sustainable solution. This brings the focus to the model of obvious generation and re-utilization. This paper briefly reviews the opportunity of generating a sustainable solution with waste foundry sand generated in foundry industries and its scope of effective re-utilization. And elaboration about the sustainable approach of the utilization of Industrial waste obtained from the industrial sector in and near Kolhapur, Maharashtra

scholarly journals Perovskite-Based Nanocomposite Electrocatalysts: An Alternative to Platinum ORR Catalyst in Microbial Fuel Cell Cathodes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Gopa Nandikes ◽  
Shaik Gouse Peera ◽  
Lakhveer Singh
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Perovskite Oxide ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Fuel Cell Cathodes ◽  
Biochemical Systems

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are biochemical systems having the benefit of producing green energy through the microbial degradation of organic contaminants in wastewater. The efficiency of MFCs largely depends on the cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). A preferable ORR catalyst must have good oxygen reduction kinetics, high conductivity and durability, together with cost-effectiveness. Platinum-based electrodes are considered a state-of-the-art ORR catalyst. However, the scarcity and higher cost of Pt are the main challenges for the commercialization of MFCs; therefore, in search of alternative, cost-effective catalysts, those such as doped carbons and transition-metal-based electrocatalysts have been researched for more than a decade. Recently, perovskite-oxide-based nanocomposites have emerged as a potential ORR catalyst due to their versatile elemental composition, molecular mechanism and the scope of nanoengineering for further developments. In this article, we discuss various studies conducted and opportunities associated with perovskite-based catalysts for ORR in MFCs. Special focus is given to a basic understanding of the ORR reaction mechanism through oxygen vacancy, modification of its microstructure by introducing alkaline earth metals, electron transfer pathways and the synergistic effect of perovskite and carbon. At the end, we also propose various challenges and prospects to further improve the ORR activity of perovskite-based catalysts.

The technological transformation of Russia's industrial sectors: Difficulties and prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1674-1697
Author(s):  
O.P. Smirnova ◽  
A.O. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Production Method ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Industrial Sectors

Subject. The article focuses on contemporary trends in the industrial and socio-economic development of Russia during the technological transformation of its sectors. Objectives. The study is an attempt to analyze what opportunities and difficulties may arise for the development of the industrial sectors in Russia. We also examine the dynamics of key development indicators of the industrial sectors, point out inhibitors of their competitiveness. Methods. The methodological framework comprises general methods of systems, structural-functional and comprehensive approaches to analyzing economic phenomena. We applied graphic, economic-statistical methods of research, conventional methods of grouping, comparison and generalization, and the logic, systems and statistical analysis. Results. We display how industrial sectors develop over time by type of economic activities. The article provides the rationale for structural rearrangements and further innovation-driven development of the industries. We display that the Russian industries technologically depend om imported production technologies. We substantiate the renewal of assets and technologies at industrial enterprises, and retain and develop human capital. Conclusions and Relevance. Primarily, the Russian economy should be digitalized as a source of the long-term economic growth. Notably, industrial enterprises should replace their linear production method with that of the circular economy and implement resource-saving innovative technologies. The State evidently acts as the leading driver of technological retrofitting of the industrial sector. If the State holds the reasonable and appropriate industrial policy at the federal and regional levels and configure its tools to ensure the modern approach to developing the industries in a competitive fashion, the industrial complex will successfully transform into the innovative economy.

Waste to Energy Conversion and Sustainable Recovery of Nutrients from Pee Power - Recent Advancements in Urine-Fed MFCs

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 768-779
Author(s):  
Natarajan Narayanan ◽  
Vasudevan Mangottiri ◽  
Kiruba Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Human Beings

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) offer a sustainable solution for alternative energy production by employing microorganisms as catalysts for direct conversion of chemical energy of feedstock into electricity. Electricity from urine (urine-tricity) using MFCs is a promising cost-effective technology capable of serving multipurpose benefits - generation of electricity, waste alleviation, resource recovery and disinfection. As an abundant waste product from human and animal origin with high nutritional values, urine is considered to be a potential source for extraction of alternative energy in the coming days. However, developments to improve power generation from urine-fed MFCs at reasonable scales still face many challenges such as non-availability of sustainable materials, cathodic limitations, and low power density. The aim of this paper was to critically evaluate the state-of-the-art research and developments in urine-fed MFCs over the past decade (2008-2018) in terms of their construction (material selection and configuration), modes of operation (batch, continuous, cascade, etc.) and performance (power generation, nutrient recovery and waste treatment). This review identifies the preference for sources of urine for MFC application from human beings, cows and elephants. Among these, human urine-fed MFCs offer a variety of applications to practice in the real-world scenario. One key observation is that, effective disinfection can be achieved by optimizing the operating conditions and MFC configurations without compromising on performance. In essence, this review demarcates the scope of enhancing the reuse potential of urine for renewable energy generation and simultaneously achieving resource recovery.

scholarly journals Microgrid as a Cost-Effective Alternative to Rural Network Underground Cabling for Adequate Reliability

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Uski ◽  
Erkka Rinne ◽  
Janne Sarsama
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Islanded Operation

Microgrids can be used for securing the supply of power during network outages. Underground cabling of distribution networks is another effective but conventional and expensive alternative to enhance the reliability of the power supply. This paper first presents an analysis method for the determination of microgrid power supply adequacy during islanded operation and, second, presents a comparison method for the overall cost calculation of microgrids versus underground cabling. The microgrid power adequacy during a rather long network outage is required in order to indicate high level of reliability of the supply. The overall cost calculation considers the economic benefits and costs incurred, combined for both the distribution network company and the consumer. Whereas the microgrid setup determines the islanded-operation power adequacy and thus the reliability of the supply, the economic feasibility results from the normal operations and services. The methods are illustrated by two typical, and even critical, case studies in rural distribution networks: an electric-heated detached house and a dairy farm. These case studies show that even in the case of a single consumer, a microgrid option could be more economical than network renovation by underground cabling of a branch in order to increase the reliability.

scholarly journals Aliphatic extractive effects on acetic acid catalysis of typical agricultural residues to xylo-oligosaccharide and enzymatic hydrolyzability of cellulose

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianming Guo ◽  
Kaixuan Huang ◽  
Rou Cao ◽  
Junhua Zhang ◽  
Yong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Catalysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Ethanol Extraction ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Aliphatic Compounds ◽  
Organic Solvent Extraction ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
Poplar Sawdust

Abstract Background Xylo-oligosaccharide is the spotlight of functional sugar that improves the economic benefits of lignocellulose biorefinery. Acetic acid acidolysis technology provides a promising application for xylo-oligosaccharide commercial production, but it is restricted by the aliphatic (wax-like) compounds, which cover the outer and inner surfaces of plants. Results We removed aliphatic compounds by extraction with two organic solvents. The benzene–ethanol extraction increased the yield of acidolyzed xylo-oligosaccharides of corncob, sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, and poplar sawdust by 14.79, 21.05, 16.68, and 7.26% while ethanol extraction increased it by 11.88, 17.43, 1.26, and 13.64%, respectively. Conclusion The single ethanol extraction was safer, more environmentally friendly, and more cost-effective than benzene–ethanol solvent. In short, organic solvent extraction provided a promising auxiliary method for the selective acidolysis of herbaceous xylan to xylo-oligosaccharides, while it had minimal impact on woody poplar.

scholarly journals Sustainability of Regional Agroecological Economic System Based on Emergy Theory: A Case Study of Anhui Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8317
Author(s):  
Xue Wu ◽  
Yaliu Yang ◽  
Conghu Liu ◽  
Guowei Xu ◽  
Yuxia Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Emergy Theory ◽  
Operation Status

The agroecological economic system is the basic system on which human beings depend for survival. In order to better evaluate the operation status of a regional agroecological economic system and deepen the cognition of the input and output of the regional agroecological economic system from the angle of emergy, the evaluation method of sustainable development of the regional agroecological economic system with comprehensive consideration of resources, economy, and environment was proposed by constructing a unified dimensional measurement model. This paper analyzed and evaluated the data of the agroecological economic system in Anhui Province from 2010 to 2019. The results showed that the agroecological economic system in Anhui Province bore less environmental pressure and gradually decreased, and had a good system efficiency and economic benefits. The average emergy sustainability index (ESI) was 3.12, indicating that the agroecological economic system in Anhui Province had certain vitality of sustainable development. Based on this, the paper puts forward some suggestions on sustainable and high-quality agricultural development in Anhui Province, which provides theoretical and methodical support for sustainable development of a regional agricultural economy.

scholarly journals An Efficient and Improved Methodology for the Screening of Industrially Valuable Xylano-Pectino-Cellulolytic Microbes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avtar Singh ◽  
Amanjot Kaur ◽  
Anita Dua ◽  
Ritu Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
First Report ◽  
Primary Screening

Xylano-pectino-cellulolytic enzymes are valuable enzymes of the industrial sector. In our earlier study, we have reported a novel and cost effective methodology for the qualitative screening of cellulase-free xylano-pectinolytic microorganisms by replacing the commercial, highly expensive substrates with agricultural residues, but the microorganisms with xylanolytic, pectinolytic, cellulolytic, xylano-pectinolytic, xylano-cellulolytic, pectino-cellulolytic, and xylano-pectino-cellulolytic potential were obtained. The probability of getting the desired combination was low, so efforts were made to further improve this cost effective methodology for obtaining the high yield of the microbes capable of producing desired combination of enzymes. By inclusion of multiple enrichment steps in sequence, using only practically low cost substrates and without any nutrient media till primary screening stage, this improved novel protocol for screening gave only the desired microorganisms with xylano-pectino-cellulolytic activity. Using this rapid, efficient, cost effective, and improved methodology, microbes with required combination of enzymes can be obtained and the probability of getting the desired microorganisms is cent percent. This is the first report presenting the methodology for the isolation of xylano-pectino-cellulolytic positive microorganisms at low cost and consuming less time.

scholarly journals Current trends in apple tree breeding (Malus Mill.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
O. V. Kalinina ◽  
Yu. V. Burmenko ◽  
N. Yu. Svistunova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Modern Breeding

Apples are among the most significant fruit crops in Russian horticulture. The wide variety, as well as the prominent economic potential of the crop, both enable its cultivation across many climate zones and bring orchard farming in general to the attention of investors in the agro-industrial sector. Breeders have met the rising challenges inherent in creating varieties that are superior in terms of productivity, abiotic- and biotic stress resistance, fruit quality and competitive fast-return capacity. In the present article, current research in apple breeding including methods for intensive selection is reviewed with a focus on breeding programmes for creating adaptive varieties having a high commercial and consumer value. Classical breeding can be complemented with modern techniques for an earlier selection of commercially valuable genotypes, identification of primary genotypes, as well as the creation of new donors and cultivars. The research achievements of leading national institutions in the development of apple varieties reflect additions to the Catalog of State-Permitted Cultivars of Agricultural Crops over the last decade. Most of the 422 permitted adapted apple cultivars are highly marketable due to having best-before-consumption dates in the winter. Despite current success in national orchard farming, further endeavours in crop breeding remain relevant today. Comprehensive research engaging genetics, physiology, phytopathology, virology, agrochemistry and nursery is essential for improving modern breeding programmes with the aim of supplying producers with high-quality planting material for a cost-effective, low pesticide, environmentallystable product.

scholarly journals Personality Trait Effects on Green Household Installations

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ante Busic-Sontic ◽  
Cameron Brick
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Green Investments

Large, one-time investments in green energy installations effectively reduce domestic energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Despite long-term economic benefits for households, the rate of green investments often remains moderate unless supported by financial subsidies. Beyond financial considerations, green investments may also be driven by individual psychological factors. The current study uses data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (N = 3,468) to analyse whether the household decision to invest in green energy installations is linked to the Big Five personality traits. Personality traits and domestic investments in solar and other alternative energy systems had weak indirect associations through environmental concern but not through risk preferences. Openness to Experience and Neuroticism showed a weak positive relationship with green energy installations through the environmental concern channel, whereas Extraversion had a weak negative link. Based on these findings, persuasive messaging for green investments may be more effective when it focuses on environmental concern rather than reduced risk in countries like Germany, where long-standing financial subsidies decreased the risk in green investments.

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