scholarly journals Environmental Assessment of the Recycled Paper Production: The Effects of Energy Supply Source

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4841
Author(s):  
Carmen Ferrara ◽  
Giovanni De Feo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Chp System

The main aim of the study was to assess the environmental performance, through the application of the life cycle assessment, of a recycled paper production process focusing on the energy aspect. The production process occurred in a paper mill that produces packaging paper using paper and cardboard from source separation of municipal solid waste as raw materials. Two scenarios (S1 and S2) were defined by their energy supply sources. A cogeneration (CHP) system using natural gas for the combined production of thermal and electric energy was the source in S1. The Italian electricity grid (using the Italian country mix) and a natural gas boiler were the separate sources for electric and thermal energy, respectively, in S2. Finally, in order to evaluate the environmental effects on the results of the study about the variation in the natural gas supply source, four alternative Italian import mixes (M1, M2, M3, and M4) were defined by varying the contribution of the supplier countries. The environmental impacts were evaluated with ReCiPe 2016 (H) using both midpoint and endpoint approaches. The results showed that for both the scenarios, the energy consumption was the main cause of impacts mainly because of the natural gas contribution. The presence of the cogeneration (CHP) system generated significant environmental benefits compared with the use of energy provided by more conventional sources. The production and use of chemicals as well as the disposal of waste produced during the paper production were other environmental hotspots. The variation in the composition of the Italian import mix of natural gas, in terms of the supplier country’s contribution, had a significant influence on the results. The import of natural gas from Russia was the most impactful option. Since Russia is the country that contributes to the Italian import mix the most, in the next years, the use of natural gas in Italy could become increasingly impactful. Therefore, the replacement of natural gas with renewable sources is an urgent priority.

scholarly journals A Look at the Industrial Production of Olefins Based on Naphtha Feed: A Process Study of a Petrochemical Unit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Davarnejad ◽  
Jamal Azizi ◽  
Shaghayegh Bahari
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Unit ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
Process Study

Olefins (ethylene, propylene and butadiene) as raw materials play an important role in a lot of chemical and polymer products. In industrial scale, there are several techniques from crude oil, natural gas, coal and methanol for the olefins production. Each of these has some advantages. The petrochemicals with liquid feed can simultaneously produce all of the olefins. Shazand Petrochemical Co. (as the first olefins production unit in Iran) produces all of the olefins using naphtha (light and heavy) feed. In this chapter, the production process of olefins based on naphtha will be studied from the beginning to the end (involving pyrolysis, compression, chilling and fractionation processes).

Automated Control of the Microclimate of Greenhouses

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (42) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Ukhanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The protected soil industry is one of the most technologically complex and energy-intensive branches of agriculture. In recent years, especially in 2020, the demand for the products of greenhouse plants is increasing. Reducing the risks of the impact of the quality of energy supply, as well as reducing the cost of electricity due to the constant increase in tariffs are important tasks. Therefore, it is important to identify and analyze modern available technologies and equipment of Russian production for greenhouse farms. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in assessing the impact of the quality of energy supply on the technological processes of greenhouse farms, identifying and analyzing the existing modern domestic equipment that reduces the risks of the energy supply. (Materials and methods) Authors used a computational and analytical method for determining the average indicators of electric energy costs for technological processes in a greenhouse. The article presents a review of the automated greenhouse microclimate management system developed using the products of TM OWEN. (Results and discussion) Automated systems for controlling the greenhouse microclimate can reduce the impact of the quality of energy supply when deviating from normal values, minimize the impact of the human factor on the production process, and collect and archive the indicators of devices for further analysis. The system makes it possible to repair and replace failed equipment without stopping the production process and implies both fully automated and manual control, if necessary. The considered version of the automated greenhouse microclimate control system has been tested in practice and is used in the greenhouse economy of the Republic of Bashkortostan. (Conclusions) The efficiency of the greenhouse economy depends, among other things, on the level of automation, the quality of energy supply, and the use of energy-saving technologies. We stated that it is necessary to continue to work on the identification and analysis of modern Russian-made equipment, informing agricultural producers about the best available technologies.

Cleaner Production Associated with Financial and Environmental Benefits: A Case Study on Automotive Industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 873-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo C. Oliveira Neto ◽  
Silvio M. Souza ◽  
Elesandro A. Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cleaner Production ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Financial Gain ◽  
A Company

The Cleaner Production implementation has been expanding significantly in Brazil and there is a strong tendency that companies start to care about environmental issues, such as: input reduction, production process less aggressive to the environment, among other factors inherent to manufacturing process. This paper presents a case study conducted in a company that operates in the field of automotive industry, more specifically in the manufacture of gears for transmissions and diesel engines. The main aims of this research are analyze a machining line focusing on Cleaner Production indicators and evaluate the environmental and economic benefits using the method Material Intensity Factor. The results showed that the company had both environmental benefits and financial gains due to the reduction of raw materials by means of replaced or eliminated material from the production process. The relevant aspect of this study is the possibility of financial gain associated with environmental gains and benefits by means of incremental changes in the production system.

scholarly journals The Nabucco Project within Context of Energy Supply Security and International Politics

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gökhan Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Supply Security

The Nabucco Project is a project, which aims to transport rich natural gas resources of the Central Asia, the Caucasus and the Middle East to the European market via Turkey. In this study, the Nabucco Project was evaluated within context of the energy supply security concept and international politics. Firstly, interdependence between national power and energy supply security was investigated. How oil and natural gas became strategic raw materials of world politics beyond being primary energy resources of the global economy was examined. It was found that discovery of rich oil and natural gas resources in the Central Asia and the Caucasus after the Cold War turned the region into a focus of interest of the global and regional actors. In this connection, perspectives of the global and regional actors about the Nabucco Project were examined. As a result of analyses and evaluations, it was concluded that the Nabucco Project is a project that can significantly enhance Turkey’s geopolitical importance and make Turkey one of the key countries of the east-west energy corridor.

scholarly journals Present status and future development in the world production of fibers and paper

2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 201-212
Author(s):  
Milorad Krgovic ◽  
Slobodan Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
World Production ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Industrial Branch ◽  
Production Industry

During 1994 278 million tons of paper were produced worldwide, while around 330 million tons were produced in 2002. The forecast for paper production in 2010 is 420 million tons. From these data, it may be concluded that the paper production industry, which exists for around 2000 years, is still a very attractive industrial branch. This work represents the conditions in the production of the major and auxiliary raw materials for paper production, as well as paper production in the World and production forecasts until 2010. It was indicated that the fraction of secondary fibers obtained from recycled paper increases every year in regard primary fibers. In 2010 secondary fibers will be the major source of primary raw materials for paper production in the World. It was pointed out that in the last fifteen years the quantity of paper produced during one season grew rapidly. This growth was achieved by advance stock preparation of paper and increased velocity of the paper machine and the width web of the produced paper. Activities regarding environmental protection undertaken by manufacturers of paper and fibers are presented.

Resource efficiency in deinked pulp production: a review

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIISA KOTANEN ◽  
MIKA KÖRKKÖ ◽  
ARI ÄMMÄLÄ ◽  
JOUKO NIINIMÄKI
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ecological Strategy ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Recycled Pulp ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pulp Production

The use of recovered paper as a raw material for paper production is by far the most economical and ecological strategy for the disposal of waste paper. However, paper production from recovered paper furnish generates a great amount of residues, and the higher the demand requirements for the end product, the higher the amount of rejected material. The reason for this is that the selectivity of the deinking process is limited; therefore, some valuable components are also lost in reject streams. The rejection of usable components affects the economics of recycled paper production. As the cost of waste disposal continues to increase, this issue is becoming more and more severe. This paper summarizes the current state of the resource efficiency in recycled pulp production and provides information on the volumes of rejected streams and the usable material within them. Various means to use these reject streams are also discussed, including the main findings of a recent thesis by the main author. This review summarizes current internal and external use of reject streams generated in the deinking operations.

Peran Teknologi Dalam Mengembangkan Potensi Ekspor Topeng Malangan (Analisis Situasional Dan Rencana Solusi)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Nurida Finahari
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Management System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Cultural Events ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Puppet Show ◽  
Three Stages

The art of chisel mask is developed in Tumpang Malang area as part of dance costume fairs, puppet show andcultural ritual, although in its development, this mask sculpture is also sold and become a tourism commodity. The potentialsales of mask sculptures is increasing, especially because of the demanders are foreign tourists, cultural enthusiasts andcomponent of tourism activities. That is, Topeng Malangan has the potential to be developed as an export commodity. Thesales system is still limited to cultural events or when there is a visit of education and tourism to the arts-padepokan. Thisprompted some people around the padepokan to start a home industry to meet the availability of the mask. In general, theproblems encountered by the craftsmen are (1) availability of raw materials, especially for suitable wood species, (2)production equipment, especially for pre-carving process and preservation of product, (3) there is no standard marketingscheme, (4) does not have a business management system, and (5) highly skilled craftsmen are still very limited. The solutionsoffered are divided into three stages: (1) technological strengthening, including strengthening production process technologyand increasing the number of craftsmen; (2) establishing business management; and (3) establishing trademarks, copyrightsand product marketing expansions

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