scholarly journals The Nabucco Project within Context of Energy Supply Security and International Politics

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gökhan Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Supply Security

The Nabucco Project is a project, which aims to transport rich natural gas resources of the Central Asia, the Caucasus and the Middle East to the European market via Turkey. In this study, the Nabucco Project was evaluated within context of the energy supply security concept and international politics. Firstly, interdependence between national power and energy supply security was investigated. How oil and natural gas became strategic raw materials of world politics beyond being primary energy resources of the global economy was examined. It was found that discovery of rich oil and natural gas resources in the Central Asia and the Caucasus after the Cold War turned the region into a focus of interest of the global and regional actors. In this connection, perspectives of the global and regional actors about the Nabucco Project were examined. As a result of analyses and evaluations, it was concluded that the Nabucco Project is a project that can significantly enhance Turkey’s geopolitical importance and make Turkey one of the key countries of the east-west energy corridor.

scholarly journals Security of Energy Supply for European Union and Trans Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline Project

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuran Belet
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Gas Transfer ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Supply Security

The fact that global economies are growing rapidly, unequal geographical distribution of energy resources and the fact that no renewable energy resource can compete with oil and natural gas at least in the near future strengthens the energy subject. In this regard, energy demands of the developed countries and the world intensifies on the energy resources of Eurasia Region, especially Caspian Region. The main factor of the energy demand isn't the supply of energy for the least possible cost but the transfer of the needed energy via secure gas pipes so that the national economies can continue producing. Russia is the most important supplier of natural gas for European countries. Eurasian regian and the Caspian Basin countries have become strategic actors in the energy market because of their rich natural gas reserves. Russia's cutting off natural gas to Europe across Ukraine upon the crisis with this country has caused a deep concern. European Union wishes to support security projects for supply synchronically of different countries into which Ukraine and Belarus -those it uses as transit for gas transfer- aren't included because of political and economical reasons to meet its energy demand. In this respect, Turkey plays a key role in supplying energy from this region to minimize the risks of energy supply security. Turkey is located in the center of a geopolitical region which produces oil and natural gas. But it can't make use of its potential. Turkey has to create opportunities to play an active role in various energy projects and pipeline routes. This is an analysis of TANAP project's impacts on European Union's energy supply security, Azerbaijan, Turkey and other countries of the region.

Turkey's Path Towards an Energy Market

2019 ◽  
pp. 122-141
Author(s):  
Haşmet Gökirmak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Capacity Market ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Pipeline Project

This chapter discusses the possibility of developing an energy market in Turkey. Turkey currently serves as an energy transit corridor, with the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) and Kirkuk-Ceyhan pipelines and with its seaborne oil trade, where large volumes are carried by tankers through its straits. Turkey also has the potential to become an energy market with new projects connecting producers in Central Asia, the Middle East, and the Caucasus, and major consumers of oil and natural gas in Europe and other regions of the world. Two recent megaprojects, The Trans Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline Project (TANAP) and Turkish Stream will move Turkey closer to fulfilling this dream. Turkey, however, needs to meet some requirements to be considered a mature energy market. These are related, among others, to factors such as its infrastructure, storage capacity, market reforms, and easy market access for private firms to actively participate in the energy market.

PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGIES OF COMPREHENSIVEEXPLOITATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES IN WESTERN SIBERIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
R. M. Bembel ◽  
Y. Gao ◽  
Yu. F. Miao ◽  
I. A. Schetinin
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

In the work the assumption is made that a geosoliton formation mechanism of oil and natural gas generation and accumulation foci is capable of creating radioactive and rare-earth elements, diamonds, various metals and other strategic raw materials in the same geosoliton tubes. It is proposed to begin the design of technologies to develop such complex deposits.

Russia's New Role in Central Asia

Asian Survey ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Buszynski
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Vladimir Putin

During the Yeltsin era, Russian interest in Central Asia lapsed. Under Vladimir Putin, Russia has moved to strengthen its role in the region because of Islamic fundamentalism, fear of displacement by America, and the presence of oil and natural gas reserves. The problem is that Putin has relied upon local authoritarian leaders for influence, which exposes Russia to regional political change.

scholarly journals Environmental Assessment of the Recycled Paper Production: The Effects of Energy Supply Source

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4841
Author(s):  
Carmen Ferrara ◽  
Giovanni De Feo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Chp System

The main aim of the study was to assess the environmental performance, through the application of the life cycle assessment, of a recycled paper production process focusing on the energy aspect. The production process occurred in a paper mill that produces packaging paper using paper and cardboard from source separation of municipal solid waste as raw materials. Two scenarios (S1 and S2) were defined by their energy supply sources. A cogeneration (CHP) system using natural gas for the combined production of thermal and electric energy was the source in S1. The Italian electricity grid (using the Italian country mix) and a natural gas boiler were the separate sources for electric and thermal energy, respectively, in S2. Finally, in order to evaluate the environmental effects on the results of the study about the variation in the natural gas supply source, four alternative Italian import mixes (M1, M2, M3, and M4) were defined by varying the contribution of the supplier countries. The environmental impacts were evaluated with ReCiPe 2016 (H) using both midpoint and endpoint approaches. The results showed that for both the scenarios, the energy consumption was the main cause of impacts mainly because of the natural gas contribution. The presence of the cogeneration (CHP) system generated significant environmental benefits compared with the use of energy provided by more conventional sources. The production and use of chemicals as well as the disposal of waste produced during the paper production were other environmental hotspots. The variation in the composition of the Italian import mix of natural gas, in terms of the supplier country’s contribution, had a significant influence on the results. The import of natural gas from Russia was the most impactful option. Since Russia is the country that contributes to the Italian import mix the most, in the next years, the use of natural gas in Italy could become increasingly impactful. Therefore, the replacement of natural gas with renewable sources is an urgent priority.

International competition for oil and natural gas and its impact on international relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Harith Qahtan Abdullah ◽  
Muthanna Faiq Meri
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Investment Process

Energy sources Oil and natural gas are of great importance in international competition and its impact on international relations, as well as the importance of oil and natural gas in maintaining the position of countries in the hegemony and the global economy as well as the level of economic development. Which calls on the major economic powers to pay attention to this type of energy sources and try to obtain more, whether through bilateral economic agreements and attention to the investment process or through wars, as happened in the US war on Iraq in 2003, which indicates the importance of obtaining On oil in various ways and push the international forces to compete for this vital product, especially in light of the inability of alternative energy sources to compensate oil in industries and at least to reduce the importance of consuming countries by this on the one hand, and on the other hand, the rise in the price of global markets made The producing countries are of importance to the industrial countries, and in maintaining access roads without obstacles or problems that may hinder their arrival, creating another economic crisis in light of the economic and financial crises witnessed by the global economic system

Antarctica: the last great land rush on earth

1980 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
New Information ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

Sometime between now and 1991, the international community will have to consider creating a new legal regime for Antarctica. Until recently, the “cold continent” and its legal regime were the concerns of a few scientists, fishermen, and legal specialists. Now, with new information on the extent of Antarctic resources, concern that present supplies of raw materials, fuels, and food are limited, and improvement of cold weather extraction technology, a broader group of policymakers, entrepreneurs, scientists, and environ-mentalists are paying attention to Antarctica. Experts now believe that exploratory drilling for offshore oil and natural gas is only a decade away. Though commercial extraction is farther in the future, and commercial exploitation of land-based minerals is unlikely in the next thirty years, speculation about Antarctica's natural wealth has aroused wide interest. There remain formidible obstacles to all these activities, but recent work in the oceans suggests that these plans might materialize earlier than now expected, and that a legal regime capable of dealing with resource activities should be in place before they begin.

Building Neighbourly Policy Through Oil

2020 ◽  
pp. 179-195
Author(s):  
Kelly de Souza Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Chinese Policy ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Oil Diplomacy

China has always tried to maintain a stable and peaceful environment in the territories on its borders and has made great efforts to ensure that all the countries of Central Asia have remained under its influence since 1949. Consequently, increased U.S. presence in Central Asia has caused great discomfort in Chinese policy circles. One Chinese approach to the countries of this region is to engage Central Asian nations through channels relating to energy, and oil in particular. In recent years, Chinese oil companies have purchased rights and exploited reserves of oil and natural gas in many Central Asian countries. Through its oil companies, the Chinese establishment strengthens and deepens bonds of friendship with countries like Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. This practice has become known as 'oil diplomacy.' This new tool offers the Chinese government two benefits, as it engenders both the increased projection of Chinese geopolitical power and the dilution of U.S. influence in the region.

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