scholarly journals Characterization of Fresh and Durability Properties of Different Lime Mortars for Being Used as Masonry Coatings in the Restoration of Ancient Constructions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4909
Author(s):  
Fernando G. Branco ◽  
Maria de Lurdes Belgas ◽  
Cátia Mendes ◽  
Luís Pereira ◽  
José Marcos Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Crushed Rock ◽  
Rock Powder ◽  
Hydraulic Lime ◽  
Durability Properties ◽  
Flow Table ◽  
Lime Mortars ◽  
Lower Porosity ◽  
Durability Performance

Coatings and plasters are an integral part of masonry cladding, having a fundamental protective and aesthetic function. They are exposed to numerous aggressive actions, which produce their degradation over time. The utilization of lime, as a binder in masonry lining mortars, plays an important role in their durability and conservation. The objective of this work is to analyze the fresh and durability properties of lime-based mortars for their application in the restoration of old buildings. Four different kinds of mortars were studied with similar workability, using as binders lime putty, aerial lime, and hydraulic lime. The aggregates used consisted of sand and crushed rock powder. As fresh properties, the consistency (by using the flow table) and water retentivity were determined. With respect to durability-related properties, water absorption by capillarity and by immersion, drying kinetics, and carbonation depth were studied. Bulk density and porosity of the mortars were also obtained. Mortars with lime putty showed higher global porosity and water absorption by immersion, while aerial lime mortars presented lower porosity and higher water absorption by capillarity. Finally, the durability performance of all the studied lime mortars was overall adequate for being applied as masonry coatings in the restoration of old buildings.

scholarly journals Mechanical Performance of Lime Mortar Coatings for Rehabilitation of Masonry Elements in Old and Historical Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3281
Author(s):  
Fernando G. Branco ◽  
Maria de Lurdes Belgas ◽  
Cátia Mendes ◽  
Luís Pereira ◽  
José Marcos Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Crushed Rock ◽  
Rock Powder ◽  
Hydraulic Lime ◽  
Lime Mortar ◽  
Compressive And Flexural Strengths

The use of lime as a binder in masonry lining mortars plays an important role in its conservation and durability. Knowledge of the mechanical characteristics of pre-existing and restoration mortars is essential in order to guarantee the compatibility between them and for avoiding the appearance of pathologies. The paper mainly focuses on the study of the mechanical performance of lime-based mortars to be applied in rehabilitation works in old buildings. Four types of mortars were tested with very similar workability, based on lime putty, aerial lime, and hydraulic lime. Sand and crushed rock powder were used as aggregates. Compressive and flexural strengths of the mortars were determined, as well as their ultrasonic pulse velocity. Furthermore, specific tests were carried out to characterize the performance of the mortar when used as a binder for plasters and coatings, such as the development of cracking, superficial water absorption under low pressure, and pull-off strength. According to the results obtained, mortars with lime putty showed better mechanical properties, while those with aerial lime had better behavior regarding water absorption under pressure. Despite that, it was generally possible to verify the adequacy of the studied mortars to be used in the rehabilitation of masonry elements.

Design and evaluation of restoration mortars for historic masonry using traditional materials and production techniques

2002 ◽  
Vol 712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Moropoulou ◽  
Asterios Bakolas ◽  
Petros Moundoulas ◽  
Eleni Aggelakopoulou ◽  
Sofia Anagnostopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Hydraulic Lime ◽  
Historic Masonry ◽  
Natural Hydraulic Lime ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Lime Mortars ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Absorption Measurements

ABSTRACTCement based mortars used for historic masonry restoration presented unsatisfactory results, due to their chemical and physico-mechanical incompatibility to original buildings. In the present research, several syntheses of restoration mortars are produced using traditional techniques and materials such as binders (aerial and natural hydraulic lime), pozzolanicadditives (natural and artificial pozzolanas) and aggregates (sand and crushed brick). The technical characteristics of the mortars were determined using mechanical tests (compressive and flexural) and mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements at the time of 1, 3, 9, 15 months of curing. Water absorption measurements were performed at the time of 9 and 15 months curing, in order to evaluate mortars microstructural characteristics, their rate of water absorption and the total percentage of absorbed water. The aerial lime - artificial pozzolana mortar presented the best mechanical and microstructural performance. Hydraulic mortars acquired the maximum of the mechanical strength in 1 month, lime - pozzolana mortars in 3 months while aerial lime mortars continue to gain mechanical strength even in 15 months curing. Furthermore, the use of ceramic aggregates produces lightweight and elastic mortars, compatible to historicones.

scholarly journals Mortar Dating Using AMS 14C and Sequential Dissolution: Examples from Medieval, Non-Hydraulic Lime Mortars from the Åland Islands, SW Finland

Radiocarbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alf Lindroos ◽  
Jan Heinemeier ◽  
Åsa Ringbom ◽  
Mats Braskén ◽  
Ámy Sveinbjörnsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Pressure Curve ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Hydraulic Lime ◽  
Carbonate Formation ◽  
Lime Mortars ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
Total Dissolution

Non-hydraulic mortars contain datable binder carbonate with a direct relation to the time when it was used in a building, but they also contain contaminants that disturb radiocarbon dating attempts. The most relevant contaminants either have a geological provenance and age or they can be related to delayed carbonate formation or devitrification and recrystallization of the mortar. We studied the mortars using cathodoluminescence (CL), mass spectrometry (MS), and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) in order to identify, characterize, and date different generations of carbonates. The parameters—dissolution rate, 13C/12C and 18O/16O ratios, and 14C age—were measured or calculated from experiments where the mortars were dissolved in phosphoric acid and each successive CO2 increment was collected, analyzed, and dated. Consequently, mortar dating comprises a CL characterization of the sample and a CO2 evolution pressure curve, a 14C age, and stable isotope profiles from at least 5 successive dissolution increments representing nearly total dissolution. The data is used for modeling the interfering effects of the different carbonates on the binder carbonate age. The models help us to interpret the 14C age profiles and identify CO2 increments that are as uncontaminated as possible. The dating method was implemented on medieval and younger mortars from churches in the Åland Archipelago between Finland and Sweden. The results are used to develop the method for a more general and international use.

scholarly journals Fresh, Mechanical, and Durability Properties of Self-Compacting Mortar Incorporating Alumina Nanoparticles and Rice Husk Ash

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6778
Author(s):  
Bahareh Mehdizadeh ◽  
Soheil Jahandari ◽  
Kirk Vessalas ◽  
Hania Miraki ◽  
Haleh Rasekh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Alumina Nanoparticles ◽  
Chloride Permeability ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Durability Properties ◽  
Durability Performance

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation on self-compacting (SC) mortars incorporating 0, 1, 3, and 5% alumina nanoparticles (NA) as well as 0% and 30% rice husk ash (RHA) used as Portland cement replacement. To evaluate the workability, mechanical, and durability performance of SC mortars incorporating NA and RHA, the fresh properties (slump flow diameter and V-funnel flow time), hardened properties (compressive strength, flexural strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity), and durability properties (water absorption, rapid chloride permeability, and electrical resistivity) were determined. The results indicated that the addition of NA and RHA has negligible effect on the workability and water absorption rate of the SC mortars. However, significant compressive and flexural strength development was observed in the SC mortars treated with NA or the combination of NA and RHA. The introduction of RHA and NA also reduced the rapid chloride permeability and enhanced the electrical resistivity of the SC mortars significantly. It is concluded that the coexistence of 30% RHA and 3% NA as cement replacement in SC mortars can provide the best mechanical and durability performance.

scholarly journals The Effect of Polymer Waste Addition on the Compressive Strength and Water Absorption of Geopolymer Ceramics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3540
Author(s):  
Numfor Linda Bih ◽  
Assia Aboubakar Mahamat ◽  
Jechonias Bidossèssi Hounkpè ◽  
Peter Azikiwe Onwualu ◽  
Emmanuel E. Boakye
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Pull Out

The quantity of polymer waste in our communities is increasing significantly. It is therefore necessary to consider reuse or recycling waste to avoid an increase in the risk to public health. This project is aimed at using pulverized low-density polyethylene (LDPE) waste as a source to reinforce and improve compressive strength, and to reduce the water absorption of geopolymer ceramics (GC). Clay:LDPE composition consisting of 5%, 10%, and 15% LDPE was geopolymerized with an NaOH/Na2SiO3 solution and cured at 30 °C and 50 °C. Characterization of the geopolymer samples was carried out using XRF and XRD. The microstructure was analyzed by SEM and chemical bonding by FTIR. The SEM micrographs showed LDPE particle pull-out on the geopolymer ceramics’ fracture surface. The result showed that the compressive strength increases with the addition of pulverized polymer waste compared to the controlled without LDPE addition. Water absorption decreased with an increase in LDPE addition in the geopolymer ceramics composite.

scholarly journals Influence of the addition of carbon fibers on the properties of hydraulic lime mortars: comparison with glass and basalt fibers

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (340) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
A. Bustos ◽  
E. Moreno ◽  
F. González ◽  
A. Cobo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Basalt Fibers ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Hydraulic Lime ◽  
Lime Mortars ◽  
Air Void ◽  
Mechanical Strengths

In recent years, the use of hydraulic lime in conservation and restoration of historic buildings has increased due to the pathological processes involved in the use of Portland cement. This investigation deter­mines the properties of hydraulic lime mortars with added carbon fibers for their possible use in restoration of architectural heritage. The results obtained are compared with mortars to which glass and basalt fibers have been added. The results show that the fibers affect significantly the behaviour of the mortar. Although the fibers have a negative impact in the workability and increase the air void content, they improve significantly the mechanical strengths. Although no relevant differences have been found in the pre-cracking behaviour, it has been proven that the fibers avoid a fragile behaviour of the mortar, showing a better post-cracking behaviour. Mortars with carbon fibers are the ones that show the best performance, increasing the toughness up to 12080% over the reference mortars.

Effect of Dispersant Addition on Properties of Ceramic Pieces from Kampung Dengir, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Noor Asliza Ismail Adnen ◽  
Nur Atiqah Azwa Joulme Morad ◽  
Mohd Aidil Adhha Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Al Amin Muhamad Nor
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Ceramic Slurry ◽  
Sample Characterization ◽  
Ball Clay ◽  
Good Flow

The abundancy of ball clay can be transform into more useful form. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different amount of dispersant on ceramic system. Ball clay from Kampung Dengir, Besut, Terengganu was used as starting powder while sodium silicate was used as dispersant to produce good flow ability, minimum viscosity and controllable ceramic slurry. Ceramic slurry was prepared by adding additives such as binder, flux, filler and dispersant, casted onto POP mould to obtain ceramic body. Ceramic then cut into test pieces (8cm x 2cm) and mixed for 2 h and aged for 2 days before dried at 70 °C overnight and sintered at temperature of 800-1200 °C in furnace for 2 h with heating rate 5 °C/min. Slurries also tested for rheological properties using rheometer (brand Thermo Haake). Viscosity and shear stress were measured to investigate the rhoelogical behaviour of slip with different amount of dispersant (0.03 mL to 0.06 mL/200 mL of sample). Characterization of raw samples has been done using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) showing the presence of kaolinite and quartz. Effect of dispersant on rheological behavior, rate of shrinkage, water absorption, porosity and density were investigated It was found that increase in amount of dispersant added exhibit the best rheological behavior, and 0.05 mL dispersant was the optimum amount in term of rate of shrinkage, water absorption, porosity and density. As a conclusion, 0.05 mL was the optimum dispersant which gives best rheological behavior and almost fault-free ceramic bodies

Preparation and Characterization of CCCW/Foamed Concrete Composite

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Ke Qing Li ◽  
De Ping Chen ◽  
Shi Li Zhang ◽  
Bao Shun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Heat Insulation ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Underground Engineering ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
Insulation Performance

Aimed at improving the waterproofing property of foamed concrete, a heat-insulating and waterproofing composite applied in underground engineering was prepared by using cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing material and foamed concrete. The properties of foamed concrete and composite such as compressive strength, water absorption and thermal conductivity were tested and contrasted, and the compounding reaction mechanism was analyzed. The results show that, compared with foamed concrete, the water absorption of composite has been significantly reduced while the heat-insulating property of foamed concrete is maintained and the overall waterproofing and heat-insulation performance has been significantly improved. A new approach solving underground heat-harm such as high temperature and high humidity is provided.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document