scholarly journals Wood Ashes from Grate-Fired Heat and Power Plants: Evaluation of Nutrient and Heavy Metal Contents

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5482
Author(s):  
Hans Bachmaier ◽  
Daniel Kuptz ◽  
Hans Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Suitable Treatment ◽  
Cadmium Lead

Ashes from biomass heat (and power) plants that apply untreated woody biofuels may be suitable for use as fertilizers if certain requirements regarding pollutant and nutrient contents are met. The aim of this study was to examine if both bottom and cyclone ashes from 17 Bavarian heating plants and one ash collection depot are suitable as fertilizers (n = 50). The range and average values of relevant nutrients and pollutants in the ashes were analyzed and evaluated for conformity with the German Fertilizer Ordinance (DüMV). Approximately 30% of the bottom ashes directly complied with the heavy metal limits of the Fertilizer Ordinance. The limits were exceeded for chromium(VI) (62%), cadmium (12%) and lead (4%). If chromium(VI) could be reduced by suitable treatment, 85% of the bottom ashes would comply with the required limit values. Cyclone ashes were high in cadmium, lead, and zinc. The analysis of the main nutrients showed high values for potassium and calcium in bottom ashes, but also relevant amounts of phosphorus, making them suitable as fertilizers if pollutant limits are met. Quality assurance systems should be applied at biomass heating plants to improve ash quality if wood ashes are used as fertilizers in agriculture.

Analysis on Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Mn Emission and Control Technology of Typical Industries

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1176-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yue ◽  
Fan Wang ◽  
Bin Jie Han ◽  
Peng Lai Zuo ◽  
Fan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Generator System ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Industrial Boilers

The heavy metals including Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Mn emission characteristics of coal-fired power plant boilers, industrial boilers, lead and zinc smelters, cement kilns, and steel industries were studied in this paper. The removing effects of heavy metals by pollution control technology were analyzed. ICP-AES method was used to measure the contents of heavy metals in solid samples. In addition, M-29, the U.S. EPA isokinetic sampling method was used to sample heavy metals in the flue gas, and the sampled heavy metals were tested by ICP-AES-hydride generator system. For coal-fired boilers, heavy metal contents in descending order were Mn, Pb and Cd in the tested coal. The heavy metals’ emission concentrations of coal-fired industrial boilers were much higher than the heavy metals’ emission concentrations of power plants. For the lead and zinc smelters, Pb and its compounds in flue gas after cleaning can meet the emission standards. The heavy metal contents in the cement raw materials in descending order were Pb, Cr and Cd. For the sintering mixture, the heavy metal contents in descending order were Pb, Cr and Cd as well. The removal effects of heavy metals by existing pollutant control technologies in the various typical industries were also tested and analyzed in the paper. The research did in the paper made a scientific basis for controlling heavy metal emissions from typical industries.

Effects of heavy-metal additions on ammonification and nitrification in soils contaminated with cadmium, lead and zinc

1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Rother ◽  
J. W. Millbank ◽  
I. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Cadmium Lead

scholarly journals Protecting Children’S Health Against Environmental Exposure to Heavy Metals – Theory Versus Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Klaudia Gut ◽  
Małgorzata Bołdys-Labocha ◽  
Agata Piekut
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Theory Versus ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
High Level

Abstract The high level of heavy metals is one of the main indicators of soil contamination, which is a significant risk to ecological and health safety. Lack of regulations requiring the examination of the level of contamination in the areas where recreational facilities for children are located directly translate into the lack of preventive or corrective actions and leads to the persistence of a permanent threat connected with a high level of heavy metals concentration in soils. The aim of the study was to identify significant sources of exposure of children to heavy metals depending on the location of recreational areas (sports fields). The results show a high concentration of cadmium, lead and zinc in the analysed soils. Of all samples, more than 70% of them have values exceeding the limit values of cadmium in soils. In the case of lead and zinc, the normative values were exceeded, respectively, in 44% and 64% of soil samples. Practical solutions introduced in the framework of regulations related to environmental protection do not correlate in practice with an extensive obligation to protect the health of children and adolescents, whose performance is clearly focused on medical problems, disregarding the risk resulting from environmental factors.

scholarly journals Release of Cadmium, Lead and Manganese from Unglazed Ceramic Food Containers to Pickled Mustard Greens Juice and Soy Sauce

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. xx-xx
Author(s):  
Nga Vu Thuy ◽  
Minh Vu Thi Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Cadmium Lead

Leaching of toxic elements from containers to food can be a direct threat to human health, especially when they are used to hold highly corrosive foods over a long time. The concern of this study is the leaching of cadmium, lead and manganese from unglazed ceramic containers when holding two leachates, including pickled mustard greens juice and a soy sauce. The containers were randomly collected from four ceramic production facilities in Bat Trang - Hanoi, Nam Sach - Hai Duong, Tien Hai - Thai Binh and Thuan An - Binh Duong, where no standard was employed to control heavy metal contents in raw materials and products. The release of cadmium, lead and manganese from the containers to the leachates were analyzed at 24-hour intervals for six days for pickle juice and at two-month intervals for a year for soy sauce. The results showed that the concentrations of those elements increased non-linearly during the course of the study and increased more rapidly in the more acidic medium. The concentrations of cadmium, lead and manganese in the pickle juice (pH reduced from 4.1 to 2.9) after six days were 80.78, 140.10, and 150.11 ppb, and in the soy sauce (pH stable at 6.1) after twelve months were 11.32, 11.86 and 13.87 ppb, respectively. It suggests that further research on the long-term leaching of toxic elements from containers to highly acidic foods is needed to protect the health of consumers.

scholarly journals Validation of Efficiency Method for Heavy Metals Determination in Kola Nuts (Cola nitida Schott & Endl.) from Côte d’Ivoire

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kouadio Kan Rodrigue ◽  
Biego Henri ◽  
Nyamien Yves ◽  
Konan Ysidor ◽  
Konan Constant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Cadmium Lead

Aims: The current study targets the achievement of a reliable process for the determination of heavy metal contents in kola nuts, namely cadmium, mercury, and lead, for better appreciation of the risks incurred from the consumption of such food products. Study Design: kola nuts collected from different stakeholders (planters, collectors, stores and centers) were analyzed after the validation of the proposed analytical method. Place and Duration of Study: Central Laboratory for Food Hygiene and Agro-Industry, LANADA in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, running 2018. Methodology: Two references were used for the validation of the analytical method, namely the French standard NF V 03-110 and the European directive 2001/22/EC. The assays were achieved with an flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The heavy metal contents of some samples collected from different sampling place were then determined Results: From the data, a significant regression chart was recorded for the heavy metals detection graphs, with significant correlation coefficients (R²˃ 0.99). The linearity domain was validated between 0.5 μg/L and 1.5 μg/L for cadmium, 15 μg/L and 45 μg/L for lead and from 10 μg/L to 100 μg/L for mercury. In addition, the LOD were 0.03 μg/L, 1.85 μg/L and 2.92 μg/L, while the LOQ were 0.07 μg/L, 6.52 μg/L and 3.32 μg/L for cadmium, lead and mercury, respectively. The relative standard deviations of the repeatability and reproducibility assays are below 4%, whereas standard additions of heavy metals are fully recovered, with percentages close to 100%. Contents of cadmium, lead and mercury in kola nuts are respectively valued at 22.97±9.01 μg/kg, 1065.57±613.76 μg/kg and 33.88±31.58 μg/kg from the farmers and 24.99±7.79 μg/kg, 296.51±98.18 μg/kg and 39.74±34.66 μg/kg from the storage centres. Conclusion: This analytical method could help in ensuring effective sanitary control at different critical points of kola nut distribution channel for promoting a good management of the toxicity concerns in such products.

scholarly journals Heavy metals and their bioavailability from soils in the long-term polluted Central Spiš region of SR

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Takáč ◽  
T. Szabová ◽  
Ľ. Kozáková ◽  
M. Benková
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Mobile Form ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Metal Contents

The heavy metal contents and their bioavailability were monitored in soils of Central Spiš region of SR. This area belongs to long term contaminated and hygienically loaded areas. Soil contamination by heavy metals is caused especially by ore mining, processing and treatment. Soil samples from the Central Spiš contained higher proportions of mobile forms which corresponded to the following sequence Pb > Zn > Cu, while for mobilizable forms the sequence of investigated metals was as follows: Cu > Zn > Pb. Soil pH is one of the parameters that affect significantly the share of bioavailable forms of metals. Higher proportions of mobile fractions of metals were detected in samples taken from soils with acidic pH. Statistical processing confirmed a relationship between the percentage share of lead and zinc in the mobile form and the level of pH/KCl, which was significant for Zn: <I>r</I> = –0.53. The relationships for lead and copper were insignificant.

Variation in the uptake of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Zinc by different species of willows Salix spp. grown in contaminated soils

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Tlustoš ◽  
Jir̆ina Száková ◽  
Markéta Vysloužilová ◽  
Daniela Pavlíková ◽  
Jan Weger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Salix Dasyclados ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Salix Spp

AbstractThe experiment assessed the variability of in seven clones of willow plants of high biomass production (Salix smithiana S-218, Salix smithiana S-150, Salix viminalis S-519, Salix alba S-464, Salix ’Pyramidalis’ S-141, Salix dasyclados S-406, Salix rubens S-391). They were planted in a pots for three vegetation periods in three soils differing in the total content of risk elements. Comparing the calculated relative decrease of total metal contents in soils, the phytoextraction potential of willows was obtained for cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn), moderately contaminated Cambisol and uncontaminated Chernozem, where aboveground biomass removed about 30% Cd and 5% Zn of the total element content, respectively. The clones showed variability in removing Cd and Zn, depending on soil type and contamination level: S. smithiana (S-150) and S. rubens (S-391) demonstrated the highest phytoextraction effect for Cd and Zn. For lead (Pb) and arsenic (As), the ability to accumulate the aboveground biomass of willows was found to be negligible in both soils. The results confirmed that willow plants show promising results for several elements, mainly for mobile ones like cadmium and zinc in moderate levels of contamination. The differences in accumulation among the clones seemed to be affected more by the properties of clones, not by the soil element concentrations or soil properties. However, confirmation and verification of the results in field conditions as well as more detailed investigation of the mechanisms of cadmium uptake in rhizosphere of willow plants will be determined by further research.

scholarly journals The spatial distribution pattern of heavy metal concentrations in urban soils — a study of anthropogenic effects in Berehove, Ukraine

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tímea Vince ◽  
György Szabó ◽  
Zoltán Csoma ◽  
Gábor Sándor ◽  
Szilárd Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Metal Contents

AbstractIn the present study we examined the Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn contamination levels of the soils of Berehove, a small city in West-Ukraine. As a first step we determined the spatial distribution of the heavy metal contents of the urban soils; then, by studying the land use structure of the city and by statistical analysis we identified the major sources of contamination; we established a matrix of correlations between the heavy metal contents of the soils and the different types of land use; and finally, we drew a conclusion regarding the possible origin(s) of these heavy metals. By means of multivariate statistical analysis we established that of the investigated metals, Ba, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn accumulated in the city’s soils primarily as a result of anthropogenic activity. In the most polluted urban areas (i.e. in the industrial zones and along the roads and highways with heavy traffic), in the case of several metals (Ba, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) we measured concentration levels even two or three times higher than the threshold limit values. Furthermore, Cr, Fe and Ni are primarily of lithogenic origin; therefore, the soil concentrations of these heavy metals depend mainly on the chemical composition of the soil-forming rocks.

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