scholarly journals Institutional and Non-Institutional Governance Initiatives in Urban Transport Planning: The Paradigmatic Case of the Post-Collapse of the Morandi Bridge in Genoa

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5930
Author(s):  
Ilaria Delponte

The relationship between the institutional (established in law) and non-institutional initiatives (not supported by law) that improve the public transport system is currently a debated topic. The purpose of this paper is to identify the most relevant aspects of this relationship during an emergency event, namely the paradigmatic case study of the collapse of the Morandi Bridge in Genoa, which occurred in August 2018. The investigation, according to a consistent methodology widely used in the literature, is made up of a selection of interviews with professional figures particularly involved in institutional structures, drawing on qualitative results, and compared with official statistics. The events that occurred in Genoa, during the phase of reorganization of the urban transport service and the circulation in the city, underlined how the response of citizenship is a crucial element, including from the governance point of view. Analytic and observational findings reveal that non-institutional initiatives smooth major criticalities where formal institutions can only produce sub-optimal transport solutions (because of the limited means they own by virtue of the moment of emergency), providing evidence that the two modes of governance are absolutely complementary.

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  

The intensification of public transport in urban areas due to increased mobility at the regional and state levels, discrepancies between urban areas with the same population and the lack of statistics related to the efficiency and quality of public transport services are the main factors of our work. It is necessary to draw boundaries between the quality of services and the performance indicators of the public transport system. The quality of services is the subjective result of many intangible variables. The quality of service can be approached from four sides: from the point of view of the passenger, the performance of the vehicle, the specialized passenger transportation company, and the Government. Accessibility, comfort and convenience-these are the main indicators that should be evaluated by the population as having high ratings for the good quality of urban transport services. The tool used to collect the data is the preference survey. Keywords: service quality, public transport, evaluation, efficiency, methods, passenger, survey


Author(s):  
Pragati Jain ◽  
Prerna Jain ◽  
Roopesh Kaushik

Sustainable mobility demands the inclusion of environment, social and economic sustainabil-ity. Public transport especially the bus system can be explored to fulfill these three sub goals. Globally the uses of personal vehicles have noticed an exponential growth owing to high per capita income and not up to the mark standards of public transport system. The emphasis on the requirement to probe significant questions while designing urban transport policies moti-vates this study to investigate what an ideal public bus system should be like, in the eyes of, those who either do not use or have shifted from public to private mode of travel. A survey on 1554 respondents is conducted to identify the various attributes that the public desire for, of a public bus system. These 12 items or attributes are clubbed into four categories using factor analysis. The logit regression run on the binary outcome "Shift" variable of opting or not opt-ing for public bus system with the four predicator variables (institutional, personnel, personal and qualitative) obtained using factor analysis shows positive association of improvement in these predicators to the outcome of opting for public transport.


Transport ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Ušpalytė-Vitkūnienė ◽  
Vytautas Grigonis ◽  
Gražvydas Paliulis

A rapidly developing and equality-based society needs a reliable and attractive public transport system. With booming mobility in Lithuania, a great importance has been attached to the sustainable development concept, and public transport has been given priority in the urban transport system. Accessibility and comfort of public transport are essential indicators that guarantee equal travelling opportunities for all people. Transport modelling is the only economical and sufficiently reliable way to carry out a forward assessment of the impact of innovations to be applied to the overall system without involvement of passengers. This paper considers estimation of the origin–destination (O–D) matrix and its size correction. The public transport (PT) system of Vilnius City was taken as a basis for the research. Modelling of Vilnius City public transport was carried out with the help of VISUM software. Modelling of the public transport route network in Vilnius is aimed at improving the quality of life of inhabitants of the city. The O–D matrix is one of the key elements in modelling. Reliability of modelling results is based on reliability and size of the matrix. Although many scientists analyse the problem of estimating an O–D matrix, this paper focuses on the size of the O–D matrix required in order to give reliable results in PT modelling. During the first step, the matrix of 230 transport districts is estimated, which is reduced by 10 percent with every following step. The aim of this article is to find the break point in the size of O–D matrix where the reliability of PT modeling results falls.


2020 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Skrobot

The article attempts to solve the necessity to introduce changes to the public transport system regarding passenger exchange points to increase the safety of people traveling with public transport. ZTM, which is servicing urban bus transport in Warsaw, needs to implement necessary elements very urgently to avoid the coronavirus pandemic's adverse effects. As the virus spreads rapidly, it is essential to propose solutions that will increase travelers' safety and increase public transport capacity. It is necessary to modify and extend the bus stop's functionality as a passenger exchange point with disinfection elements and ensure that people can only enter the bus after disinfection.


Author(s):  
H. Faroqi ◽  
A. Sadeghi-Niaraki

Create, maintain and development of public transport network in metropolitan are important problems in the field of urban transport management. In public transport, maximize the efficient use of public fleet capacity has been considered. Concepts and technologies of GIS have provided suitable way for management and optimization of the public transports systems. In demand-responsive public transportation system, firstly fellow traveller groups have been established for applicants based on spatial concepts and tools of GIS, second for each group according to its’ members and their paths, a public vehicle has been allocated to them then based on dynamic routing, the fellow passenger group has been gathered from their origins and has been moved to their destinations through optimal route. The suggested system has been implemented based on network data and commuting trips statistics of 1 to 6 districts in Tehran city. Evaluation performed on the results show the 34% increase using of Taxi capacity, 13% increase using of Van capacity and 10% increase using of Bus capacity in comparison between current public transport system and suggested public transportation system has been improved.


2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 05005
Author(s):  
Irina Skorobogatykh ◽  
Zhanna Musatova ◽  
Roman Sidorchuk ◽  
Natalia Ivashkova ◽  
Petr Nevostruev

Consistent actions taken by car manufacturers to improve the quality of vehicles make them easier to use and reduce their negative impact on the environment significantly strengthen the competitiveness of personal transport. At the same time, high investments in the development of urban transport systems (especially large ones) create conditions for the mobility of all population groups, but do not significantly affect the competitiveness of public transport. At the same time, the high competitiveness of the public transport system is a sign of the successful implementation of the concept of sustainable development of the territory, making it more attractive for tourism and stimulating its development. The study of the limitations of the analysis of the competitiveness of public transport is conducted in this article along with an analysis of the factors that influence the choice of citizens in terms of mobility for their daily tasks. The article presents the results of an empirical study of relations between Moscow residents and public transport, changes in the intensity of use of personal cars in the period 2015-2020. During this period, the transport system has undergone significant positive changes, which have affected the perception of comfort and accessibility of public transport in Moscow.


Author(s):  
Yanyan Gu ◽  
Yandong Wang

The public transport system is considered as one of the most important subsystems in metropolises for achieving sustainability objectives by mediating resources and travel demand. Representing the various urban transport networks is crucial in understanding travel behavior and the function of the transport system. However, previous studies have ignored the coupling relationships between multi-mode transport networks and travel flows. To address this problem, we constructed a multilayer network to illustrate two modes of transport (bus and metro) by assigning weights of travel flow and efficiency. We explored the scaling of the public transport system to validate the multilayer network and offered new visions for transportation improvements by considering population. The proposed methodology was demonstrated by using public transport datasets of Shanghai, China. For both the bus network and multilayer network, the scaling of node degree versus Population were explored at 1 km * 1 km urban cells. The results suggested that in the multilayer network, the scaling relations between node degree and population can provide valuable insights into quantifying the integration between the public transport system and urban land use, which will benefit sustainable improvements to cities.


Transport ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Irina Makarova ◽  
Ksenia Shubenkova ◽  
Anton Pashkevich

This paper considers managerial approaches to increase efficiency of the urban transport system such as promotion and integration of sustainable modes of transport, development of public transport route network, renewing the existing vehicle fleet and shift to environmental friendly fuel types in the public transport system. To assess such kind of efficiency, it is proposed to take into account the economic viability of suggested solutions as well as their influence on social sphere, environmental friendliness and sustainability of the urban transport system. The city of Naberezhnye Chelny (Russia) was chosen for the case study, where the following measures were modelled: changes of bus route network and choice of an optimal fleet on routes depending on passenger flow by hours of day. In addition, the efficiency of these measures were assessed. To evaluate the sustainability of the proposed route network, the method of “radar map” was used, which shows both strengths and weaknesses of selected indicators. Together with this evaluation, analysis of risks in managing the urban bus transportation was carried out.


Comunicar ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Jiménez-Morales

This congress communication tries to develop a brief contents study about some of the paradigmatic reality programs with a qualitative analysis of their receipt. Hereby, it wants to study which are the main thematic topics that appear in this kind of programs across the representation of their contesters and which is the public opinion in the moment to pronounce sentence. Because under the decisions of the viewers’ telephone votes there is not only the luck of the competitors, but also the luck of our television and our own society point of view Sobre los concursantes de los programas de telerrealidad -como sobre la cabeza de Damocles durante el festín de Dionisio, el Viejo- se cierne el peligro de la muerte. La muerte como fin del relato, la muerte televisivamente hablando. No hay fin que no conozca causas y tras la eliminación de cada uno de los concursantes de los programas de convivencia, existen también determinados motivos más o menos consensuables. Aunque a veces abstractos y escasamente aprehensibles, a grandes rasgos se pueden convenir unas pautas de comportamiento en los concursantes que generan simpatía o antipatía al público, aprobación o rechazo. A nadie escapa, por ejemplo, que aquellos concursantes que ocupan una posición de víctima suscitan a menudo la conmiseración del público, o que los espectadores tienden a castigar la infidelidad conyugal de los concursantes dentro de sus lugares de encierro o aislamiento. No es una ciencia exacta, por supuesto, pero los juicios morales de los telespectadores tras la trayectoria de un lustro de estos programas, empiezan a mostrar unas constantes ante los estereotipos que se someten, temporada tras temporada, a la hipervigilancia de esas cámaras. Sobre la esfera pública planean unos personajes que representan -muchas veces de manera esquemática por el maniqueísmo que con el que habitualmente se muestran- un determinado conflicto de orden social. Sus relatos ponen sobre la mesa temas como las diferencias de clase, la desigualdad y los roles en la pareja, la homosexualidad, el racismo, la competitividad y un largo etcétera de los que se deriva un juicio del espectador y una manera de entender esa particular realidad y, por extensión, otras realidades más próximas a su vida cotidiana. Las normas del concurso, el verdadero veredicto, son ese enjuiciamiento que permite atisbar parte de la ideología de una proporción del público de estos programas. Los resultados no son extensibles a la totalidad de la audiencia, pero, en tanto que son el único elemento cuantificable de estos productos, devienen el único parámetro referencial sobre el que los demás espectadores conocen una realidad y la asimilan como tal. El resultado que se recibe del conjunto de las llamadas o mensajes telefónicos dicta unas valoraciones que hablan del propio público. Cuando un concursante se erige como ganador de uno de estos concursos, su victoria se relaciona también con las características de un conjunto de espectadores que ensalza unos valores por encima de los otros. Sin duda los efectos de la identificación y el autorreconocimiento en estos personajes resumen una actitud y unos criterios del espectador. Y, de ello, se deduce la manera cómo el público valora también los temas de carácter social que aparecen en dichos programas. Pero, discutible o no la calidad de estos programas, ¿existe un juicio de calidad no sólo ante esta televisión, sino también ante los problemas que aparecen en este tipo de relatos? Dada la proliferación de estos programas y la larga vida que se les augura, sería interesante analizar cuáles son los aspectos que se ponen en tela de juicio en estos programas y, sobre todo, cuáles son los dictámenes de esa audiencia. La presente comunicación pretende, pues, desarrollar un breve estudio de contenidos de algunos de los programas paradigmáticos de telerrealidad, juntamente con un análisis cualitativo de la recepción de los mismos. De esta manera, tiene la voluntad de estudiar en primer lugar cuáles son los tópicos temáticos que dominan este tipo de programas a través de la representación de sus protagonistas y cuál es el discurso de fondo del espectador en el momento de dictar sentencia. Porque bajo las decisiones de ese teléfono no sólo se halla la suerte de los concursantes, sino también la suerte de nuestra televisión y del criterio de nuestra propia sociedad.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gislaine A. Azevedo ◽  
Renelson R. Sampaio ◽  
Aloisio S. Nascimento Filho ◽  
Marcelo A. Moret ◽  
Thiago B. Murari

AbstractThe Brazilian Urban Mobility Policy integrates urban transport with traffic planning, establishing appropriate public policies that indicate the need for a safe and accessible public transport system. The major challenge is the inclusion of the elderly and people with disabilities. In this paper, we quantify the impact of rainfall on the number of people with disabilities and elderly people who use the public bus transportation system for accessibility in the first and last miles in the city of São Paulo. The proposed methodology is used to evaluate the co-movements between the time series of free-fare users and rainfall in São Paulo. The findings confirm the hypothesis that significant rainfall causes a reduction in the number of daily free-fare passengers who use the public bus system in São Paulo.


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